Roser Bono

TL;DR: This study provides a systematic examination of F‐test robustness to violations of normality in terms of Type I error, considering a wide variety of distributions commonly found in the health and social sciences.

TL;DR: Assessing the distributional shape of real data by examining the values of the third and fourth central moments as a measurement of skewness and kurtosis in small samples indicated that only 5.5% of distributions were close to expected values under normality.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether math anxiety and negative attitudes toward mathematics have an effect on university students' academic achievement in a methodological course forming part of their degree and suggested that these factors may affect students' performance and should therefore be taken into account in attempts to improve students' learning processes.

TL;DR: The results suggest that in terms of Type I error a VR above 1.5 may be established as a rule of thumb for considering a potential threat to F-test robustness under heterogeneity with unequal sample sizes.

TL;DR: It is argued that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p =0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science.