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Using Multivariate Statistics

The measurement of meaning

A wide variety of media can be used in learning, including distance learning, such as print, lectures, conference sections, tutors, pictures, video, sound, and computers. Any one instance of distance learning will make choices among these media, perhaps using several.

Multimedia in Learning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

In communication services, speech quality plays an important role to achieve user expectations. Nowadays, there are different objective methods to estimate speech quality. Parametric models consider different factors, such as network parameters, acoustic characteristics, communication equipment, among others. The most representative parametric models for telephone service are described in ITU-T Rec. G.107 and G.107.1, mostly known as E-model and WB E-model, respectively. However, they do not consider wireless network parameters as inputs. In this context, this research proposes a speech quality parametric model (SQPM) based on artificial neural networks that considers both wireless network degradation characteristics and the techniques used to improve the transmission quality. For this purpose, a network simulator was built, in which two forward error correction (FEC) codes and four different antenna configurations in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system are implemented. To validate the results obtained by the simulator, the ITU-T Rec. P.863 and the WB E-model are used. Experimental results show how different wireless network configurations impact on speech quality. Performance evaluation results demonstrated a high correlation between the proposed SQPM and ITU-T Rec. P.863 results, reaching an PCC and an RMSE of 0.9901 and 0.1492, respectively. Therefore, our proposal intends to be useful for wireless network planning tasks.

Speech Quality Parametric Model that Considers Wireless Network Characteristics

Evaluating the quality of text-to-speech systems (TTS) is usually achieved by subjective methods where participants have to rate the stimulus on multiple scales, such as naturalness, prosody, and overall quality In the present study, we aim towards evaluating TTS system quality using not only conventional subjective methods, but also via a neurophysiological approach based on obtaining neural correlates of TTS quality perception using electroencephalography (EEG) Such an approach allows for better insight into the perception processes involved during the human quality judgement process, and may open doors to innovative subjective testing methods and/or objective measurement tools In our experiments, we have shown an inverse relationship between TTS speech quality and the amplitude of an EEG evoked response called the `P300,' suggesting an increase in cognitive load as TTS quality decreases, likely due to reduction in speech intelligibility

/pdf/subjective-quality-ratings-and-physiological-correlates-of-53old8f4i8.pdf

Subjective quality ratings and physiological correlates of synthesized speech

In order to examine user group differences in modality preferences, participants of either gender and two age groups have been asked to rate their experience after interacting with a smart-home system offering unimodal and multimodal input possibilities (voice, free-hand gesture, smartphone touch screen). Effects for gender, but not for age (younger and older adults) have been found for modality preferences. Women prefer touch and voice over gesture for many scales assessed, whereas men do not show this pattern consistently. Instead, they prefer gesture over voice for hedonic quality scales. Comparable results are obtained for technological expertise assessed individually. This interrelation of gender and expertise could not be solved and is discussed along with consequences of the results obtained. Keywords-multimodal dialog system; evaluation; user factors.

/pdf/modality-preferences-of-different-user-groups-4suho5mlkf.pdf

Modality Preferences of Different User Groups

Data-driven approaches towards readability assessment, using automated linguistic analysis and machine learning methods, is a viable road forward for readability rankings. This paper describes the development of an automated readability assessment estimator based on supervised learning algorithms over German text corpora. For this purpose, natural language processing tools are used to extract 73 linguistic features grouped in traditional, lexical and morphological features. Feature engineering approaches are employed to select informative features. Different supervised learning models are implemented, with the top-ranked features fed as input. The results obtained depict that Random Forest Regressor yielding best result (0.847) for RMSE measure.

Automated Text Readability Assessment for German Language: A Quality of Experience Approach

This paper addresses the problem of context effects in psychophysical measurement, and how these effects are reflected by MOS values obtained in auditory tests. Based on a simple model of the perception and judgment processes which are relevant in a subjective quality-judgment situation, it advocates for using a universal scale for the value which is related to the perceptual event, and which has a meaning beyond the specific test context. The E-model's transmission rating scale [1] is considered to be a candidate for such a scale.

Sebastian Möller

Papers

Speech Quality Parametric Model that Considers Wireless Network Characteristics

Subjective quality ratings and physiological correlates of synthesized speech

Modality Preferences of Different User Groups

Automated Text Readability Assessment for German Language: A Quality of Experience Approach

Towards a universal scale for perceptual value