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Using Multivariate Statistics

The measurement of meaning

A wide variety of media can be used in learning, including distance learning, such as print, lectures, conference sections, tutors, pictures, video, sound, and computers. Any one instance of distance learning will make choices among these media, perhaps using several.

Multimedia in Learning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

Voice transmission networks are commonly planned with the help of computational quality models, which give an estimate of the expected quality that a user will experience The most popular of these tools is the E-model When certain parameters are known, such as the applied codec and its bitrate, the model is able to predict the perceived quality of a communication system Up to now, the E-model is only available for narrowband telephony (300–3400 Hz) and limited also for wideband telephony (100–7000 Hz) With the extension of voice networks to super-wideband telephony (50–14000 Hz), and the introduction of the super-wideband codec EVS to mobile networks and state of the art smartphones, an update of the E-model has become necessary To this end, we firstly examined the quality improvement of super-wideband over wideband with results from mixed-band listening-only tests, where we found that the quality is improved by 15% Then, we calculated impairment factors for the EVS codec and analyzed its robustness towards packet loss, by using auditory and instrumental methods

Quantifying Quality Degradation of the EVS Super-Wideband Speech Codec

The experience of web services depends on multiple factors such as the usability of the service itself as well as influences on Quality of Experience (QoE) like waiting times Existing studies so far have investigated both experimental factors (usability and QoE) in isolation, thus it is not possible to investigate dependencies between the two In this study, we manipulated the usability and QoE of a news web page in the same experiment Participants had to solve 9 tasks (three usability level and three QoE level, all combinations) Data (N=44) from two different sessions with different QoE manipulations were recorded: Simulation of initial page display delay via 1) a complete overlay and 2) a semi-transparent overlay Our preliminary results show that the usability manipulation resulted in significant effects along multiple dimensions (QoE, aesthetic, and usability) Furthermore, also the implementation of the QoE manipulation had an effect on, eg, performance parameters Surprisingly, our results reveal that participants seem to be unable to rate the constructs usability and QoE independently from each other Even after adding pronounced explanations of the constructs to the introductory phase of the second session of the experiment, the results still show a strong correlation between the two constructs We thus recommend for similar future experiments to check beforehand whether Quality of Experience and Usability can be reliably judged and distinguished by naive participants

User Experience of Web Browsing - The Relationship of Usability and Quality of Experience

Bedienbarkeit, Verstandlichkeit und Akzeptanz von Schutzmechanismen stehen bei deren Entwicklung in der Regel nicht im Vordergrund — obwohl sie nachweislich einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das (sicherheitsadaquate) Verhalten der Nutzer haben. Die Autoren geben einen uberblick uber die bisherigen Ansatze auf dem Gebiet „Usable Security and Privacy“ und zeigen den weiteren Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbedarf auf.

Usable Security und Privacy

Traditionally, the Quality of Experience (QoE) is assessed in a controlled laboratory environment where participants give their opinion about the perceived quality of a stimulus on a standardized rating scale Recently, the usage of crowdsourcing micro-task platforms for assessing the media quality is increasing The crowdsourcing platforms provide access to a pool of geographically distributed, and demographically diverse group of workers who participate in the experiment in their own working environment and using their own hardware The main challenge in crowdsourcing QoE tests is to control the effect of interfering influencing factors such as a user's environment and device on the subjective ratings While in the past, the crowdsourcing approach was frequently used for speech and video quality assessment, research on a quality assessment for gaming services is rare In this paper, we present a method to measure gaming QoE under typically considered system influence factors including delay, packet loss, and framerates as well as different game designs The factors are artificially manipulated due to controlled changes in the implementation of games The results of a total of five studies using a developed evaluation method based on a combination of the ITU-T Rec P809 on subjective evaluation methods for gaming quality and the ITU-T Rec P808 on subjective evaluation of speech quality with a crowdsourcing approach will be discussed To evaluate the reliability and validity of results collected using this method, we finally compare subjective ratings regarding the effect of network delay on gaming QoE gathered from interactive crowdsourcing tests with those from equivalent laboratory experiments

Assessing Interactive Gaming Quality of Experience using a Crowdsourcing Approach

Subjective tests to assess the Quality of Experience (QoE) of gaming services are necessary to enable service providers to ensure the satisfaction of their customers Since gaming is an interactive activity, interactive tests are typically conducted to measure the full spectrum of the player experience However, carrying out such tests is expensive and time-consuming Furthermore, the results can be influenced by the behavior and abilities of participants For this reason, it is of high interest whether such interactive tests can be partially replaced with passive viewing-and-listening tests In this paper, we present a comparison of an interactive gaming test with passive tests using two different durations To investigate the differences between the test paradigms, we assessed the overall quality, the video quality and the reactiveness of the game as well as other player experience aspect for different frame rates and bit rates Results show that once certain requirements are fulfilled, passive tests offer indeed a valuable quality assessment method However, if the duration of the presented video material is too short, the passive test overestimated the gaming and video quality Furthermore, we show that the player performance has no impact on the video quality ratings

Sebastian Möller

Papers

Quantifying Quality Degradation of the EVS Super-Wideband Speech Codec

User Experience of Web Browsing - The Relationship of Usability and Quality of Experience

Usable Security und Privacy

Assessing Interactive Gaming Quality of Experience using a Crowdsourcing Approach

A Comparison of Interactive and Passive Quality Assessment for Gaming Research