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Using Multivariate Statistics

The measurement of meaning

A wide variety of media can be used in learning, including distance learning, such as print, lectures, conference sections, tutors, pictures, video, sound, and computers. Any one instance of distance learning will make choices among these media, perhaps using several.

Multimedia in Learning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

Pre-trained transformer language models (TLMs) have recently refashioned natural language processing (NLP): Most state-of-the-art NLP models now operate on top of TLMs to benefit from contextualization and knowledge induction. To explain their success, the scientific community conducted numerous analyses. Besides other methods, syntactic agreement tests were utilized to analyse TLMs. Most of the studies were conducted for the English language, however. In this work, we analyse German TLMs. To this end, we design numerous agreement tasks, some of which consider peculiarities of the German language. Our experimental results show that state-of-the-art German TLMs generally perform well on agreement tasks, but we also identify and discuss syntactic structures that push them to their limits.

Evaluating German Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Agreement Tests

Gegenstand des Beitrages sind zwei Evaluationsstudien einer interaktiven, digitalen Anzeigetafel. Das ursprünglich unimodale, Touchscreen-basierte System wurde schrittweise erweitert. Dabei wurde zunächst eine Sprachsteuerung implementiert, in einer zweiten Entwicklungsstufe wurde anschließend eine Gesichtserkennung ergänzt. Nach jeder Systemmodifikation erfolgte eine Benutzerstudie zur Bewertung der vom Nutzer wahrgenommenen Qualität der Interaktion mittels subjektiver, direkter Fragebogendaten und technischer, indirekter Performanzdaten. Die Ergebnisse der Fragebogendaten zeigen, dass die multimodalen Systemvarianten hinsichtlich der hedonischen Qualitäten besser beurteilt wurden als die unimodale Variante. Dies war auch dann zu beobachten, wenn sich die Bewertungen bezüglich der Usability nicht erhöhten. Die Analyse der indirekten Daten zeigte eine Verbesserung der Usability, die sich jedoch nicht in den Nutzerurteilen widerspiegelte.

Benutzerstudien zur Bewertung multimodaler, interaktiver Anzeigetafeln in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstufen

It is important to realize in which environments a speech quality evaluation test can be carried out to achieve reliable results outside the laboratory. We report on our current activity on using microphone signals for evaluating environmental conditions in crowdtesting. In order to analyze the impact of environmental noise, a two-phase experiment is conducted using a mobile crowdsourcing platform. A speech quality assessment task is used with stimuli from the SwissQual 501 database from the ITU-T Rec. P.863 competition (kindly provided by SwissQual AG). The first phase of the experiment is conducted in a laboratory, in which participants are assigned to either silent or background noise simulation (with Cafeteria and Road Noise) study groups. In each case 5 seconds of environmental sound are recorded by the participants before and after performing the task. Next, the same participants were asked to perform the same task in a real living room, cafeteria, or any other environment (and proofing it by taking...

Influence of environmental background noise on speech quality assessments task in crowdsourcing microtask platform

Perceptual video compression has been increasingly utilized to obtain higher compression gains by removing perceptual redundancies according to the Human Visual System (HVS). Due to non-linear complex mechanisms of the HVS, conventional quality metrics fail to assess the performance of perceptual video compressors. Therefore, subjective assessment is employed as the most reliable method for this purpose. However, it costs both time and money which consequently impedes perceptual compression development. There have been several attempts to develop perceptual objective metrics as an alternative to subjective assessments. Among them, Eye-tracking Weighted PSNR (EWPSNR) is believed to be the fairest where the gaze points are available. In this paper, we measure the correlation between EWPSNR and Mean Opinion Score (MOS) on an eye-tracking dataset to evaluate the performance of EWPSNR to predict the subjective quality.

Comparison of EWPSNR and MOS on an Eye-tracking Labelled Video Dataset

As spoken dialog systems become more complex, efficient ways to evaluate them in early development stages are required. User simulation has been successfully used for this purpose. While current user models describe behavior on the level of overt behavior, modeling aspects of cognition can reveal direct insights into usability problems. Thus, in this paper we propose two models related to grounding in dialog: a model of the belief the user has about the system state, and a model of vocabulary alignment. We show that parameters derived from these models are significantly correlated with the users’ quality perception.

Sebastian Möller

Papers

Evaluating German Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Agreement Tests

Benutzerstudien zur Bewertung multimodaler, interaktiver Anzeigetafeln in unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsstufen

Influence of environmental background noise on speech quality assessments task in crowdsourcing microtask platform

Comparison of EWPSNR and MOS on an Eye-tracking Labelled Video Dataset

Correlation Between Model-based Approximations of Grounding-related Cognition and User Judgments.