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Using Multivariate Statistics

The measurement of meaning

A wide variety of media can be used in learning, including distance learning, such as print, lectures, conference sections, tutors, pictures, video, sound, and computers. Any one instance of distance learning will make choices among these media, perhaps using several.

Multimedia in Learning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

Objective. Assessing speech quality perception is a challenge typically addressed in behavioral and opinion-seeking experiments. Only recently, neuroimaging methods were introduced, which were used to study the neural processing of quality at group level. However, our electroencephalography (EEG) studies show that the neural correlates of quality perception are highly individual. Therefore, it became necessary to establish dedicated machine learning methods for decoding subject-specific effects. Approach. The effectiveness of our methods is shown by the data of an EEG study that investigates how the quality of spoken vowels is processed neurally. Participants were asked to indicate whether they had perceived a degradation of quality (signal-correlated noise) in vowels, presented in an oddball paradigm. Main results. We find that the P3 amplitude is attenuated with increasing noise. Single-trial analysis allows one to show that this is partly due to an increasing jitter of the P3 component. A novel classification approach helps to detect trials with presumably non-conscious processing at the threshold of perception. We show that this approach uncovers a non-trivial confounder between neural hits and neural misses. Significance. The combined use of EEG signals and machine learning methods results in a significant ‘neural’ gain in sensitivity (in processing quality loss) when compared to standard behavioral evaluation; averaged over 11 subjects, this amounts to a relative improvement in sensitivity of 35%. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056003/pdf

Single-trial analysis of the neural correlates of speech quality perception

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation

Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMNs) provide an all-IP wireless platform for multimedia service delivery. The integrated communication system creates new perspectives for wireless video distribution and quality provisioning. Depending on the mobility patterns of the nomadic users, the link layer characteristics may rapidly change. Furthermore, mobility and service adaptation events like network handovers, video bit rate switching, or codec changeovers, may affect the user perception. Provisioning “always best connected” video services requires a thorough knowledge of video quality perception in NGMNs. In this paper, we address this problem. A subjective test including 50 NGMN conditions has been carried out. They were arranged in groups to assess the impact on perceived quality of 1) the access technology and network handover, 2) video codecs and codec changeover, 3) video bit rate and bit rate switching, and 4) to provide guidelines for packet loss adaptation. We could identify the perceptual bottlenecks of the future wireless communication and are able to propose perceptual guidelines for mobility management. In this way, this paper contributes to the service quality improvement of future wireless communications.

Video quality in next generation mobile networks — Perception of time-varying transmission

Gaming as a popular system has recently expanded the associated services, by stepping into live streaming services. Live gaming video streaming is not only limited to cloud gaming services, such as Geforce Now, but also include passive streaming, where the players' gameplay is streamed both live and ondemand over services such as Twitch.tv and YouTubeGaming. So far, in terms of gaming video quality assessment, typical video quality assessment methods have been used. However, their performance remains quite unsatisfactory. In this paper, we present a new No Reference (NR) gaming video quality metric called NR-GVQM with performance comparable to state-of-the-art Full Reference (FR) metrics. NR-GVQM is designed by training a Support Vector Regression (SVR) with the Gaussian kernel using nine frame-level indexes such as naturalness and blockiness as input features and Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) scores as the ground truth. Our results based on a publicly available dataset of gaming videos are shown to have a correlation score of 0.98 with VMAF and 0.89 with MOS scores. We further present two approaches to reduce computational complexity.

NR-GVQM: A No Reference Gaming Video Quality Metric

This technical report formally defines the QoE metrics which are introduced and discussed in the article "QoE Beyond the MOS: An In-Depth Look at QoE via Better Metrics and their Relation to MOS" by Tobias Hosfeld, Poul E. Heegaard, Martin Varela, Sebastian Moller, accepted for publication in the Springer journal "Quality and User Experience". Matlab scripts for computing the QoE metrics for given data sets are available in GitHub.

/pdf/formal-definition-of-qoe-metrics-3h02lq7ojf.pdf

Sebastian Möller

Papers

Single-trial analysis of the neural correlates of speech quality perception

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation

Video quality in next generation mobile networks — Perception of time-varying transmission

NR-GVQM: A No Reference Gaming Video Quality Metric

Formal Definition of QoE Metrics.