Sudarshan Phani

TL;DR: An updated summary of the main characteristics of these models as well as the strengths and weaknesses of what the authors believe to be the most popular PD animal models are provided.

TL;DR: A fully humanized coculture model composed of human adult primary sporadic ALS (sALS) astrocytes and human embryonic stem-cell-derived MNs is devised, which reproduces the cardinal features of human ALS and constitutes a potential therapeutic target for this incurable disease.

TL;DR: Future therapeutic designs must take into account the multifactorial nature of PD, including the varied roles of the adaptive and innate immune responses, which are likely responsible for furthering disease pathology and DA neuron degeneration through the release of harmful substances.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that moderate degrees of thyroid hormone insufficiency during the early postnatal period permanently alters interneuron expression of PV and compromises inhibitory function in the hippocampus.

TL;DR: It is reported that the interruption of a non cell-autonomous mode of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling originating from dopaminergic neurons causes progressive, adult-onset degeneration of dopaminationergic, cholinergic, and fast spiking GABAergic neurons of the mesostriatal circuit, imbalance of cholinerential and dopamine neurotransmission, and motor deficits reminiscent of Parkinson's disease.