다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

2.3. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Water Splitting 6507 2.3.1. Photocatalytic Activity 6507 2.3.2. Photocatalytic Stability 6507 3. UV-Active Photocatalysts for Water Splitting 6507 3.1. d0 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6507 3.1.1. Ti-, Zr-Based Oxides 6507 3.1.2. Nb-, Ta-Based Oxides 6514 3.1.3. W-, Mo-Based Oxides 6517 3.1.4. Other d0 Metal Oxides 6518 3.2. d10 Metal Oxide Photocatalyts 6518 3.3. f0 Metal Oxide Photocatalysts 6518 3.4. Nonoxide Photocatalysts 6518 4. Approaches to Modifying the Electronic Band Structure for Visible-Light Harvesting 6519

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst in the arena of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This is due to its appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical stability, and “earth-abundant” nature. This critical review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of pristine g-C3N4 and g-C3N4-based nanocomposites, including (1) nanoarchitecture design of bare g-C3N4, such as hard and soft templating approaches, supramolecular preorganization assembly, exfoliation, and template-free synthesis routes, (2) functionalization of g-C3N4 at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), and (3) modification of g-C3N4 with well-matched energy levels of another semiconductor or a metal as a cocatalyst to form heterojunction nanostructures. The constructi...

Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability?

The family of 2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides (collectively referred to as MXenes) has expanded rapidly since the discovery of Ti3C2 in 2011. The materials reported so far always have surface terminations, such as hydroxyl, oxygen or fluorine, which impart hydrophilicity to their surfaces. About 20 different MXenes have been synthesized, and the structures and properties of dozens more have been theoretically predicted. The availability of solid solutions, the control of surface terminations and a recent discovery of multi-transition-metal layered MXenes offer the potential for synthesis of many new structures. The versatile chemistry of MXenes allows the tuning of properties for applications including energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, reinforcement for composites, water purification, gas- and biosensors, lubrication, and photo-, electro- and chemical catalysis. Attractive electronic, optical, plasmonic and thermoelectric properties have also been shown. In this Review, we present the synthesis, structure and properties of MXenes, as well as their energy storage and related applications, and an outlook for future research. More than twenty 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of transition metals (MXenes) have been synthesized and studied, and dozens more predicted to exist. Highly electrically conductive MXenes show promise in electrical energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, electrocatalysis, plasmonics and other applications.

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2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for energy storage

Jenny Schneider,*,† Masaya Matsuoka,‡ Masato Takeuchi,‡ Jinlong Zhang, Yu Horiuchi,‡ Masakazu Anpo,‡ and Detlef W. Bahnemann*,† †Institut fur Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universitaẗ Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany ‡Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai Osaka 599-8531, Japan Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials.

Topological magnetism in low-dimensional systems is of fundamental and practical importance in condensed-matter physics and material science. Here, using first-principles and Monte Carlo simulations, we present that multiple topological magnetism (i.e., skyrmion and bimeron) can survive in van der Waals heterostructure MnTe2/ZrS2. Arising from interlayer coupling, MnTe2/ZrS2 can harbor a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This, combined with exchange interaction, yields an intriguing skyrmion phase under a tiny magnetic field of 75 mT. Meanwhile, upon harnessing a small electric field, magnetic bimeron can be observed in MnTe2/ZrS2, suggesting the existence of multiple topological magnetism. Through interlayer sliding, both topological magnetisms can be switched on-off. In addition, the impacts of d∥ and Keff on these spin textures are revealed, and a dimensionless parameter κ is utilized to describe their joint effect. These explored phenomena and insights not only are useful for fundamental research in topological magnetism but also enable novel applications in nanodevices.

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Multiple Topological Magnetism in van der Waals Heterostructure of MnTe2/ZrS2.

The insulating massive Dirac fermion state is essential for many striking topological phenomena. Here, we theoretically reveal that co-substitution of magnetic and non-magnetic elements is a promising way to realize it, and Fe is the best candidate to achieve it in Bi2Te3 among M (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe). Substitution of M for Bi introduces perpendicular magnetism, but some energy bands cross the Fermi level. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of Fe and O places the Dirac point inside the bulk band gap and opens a surface band gap at the Dirac point with the Fermi level inside it.

Realization of insulating massive Dirac fermion state in Bi2Te3 by co-substitution of magnetic and non-magnetic elements

Willemite ceramics (Zn2SiO4) possess excellent millimeter-wave dielectric properties, but it also has a high sintering temperature above 1300°C by traditional solid-state reaction and relatively large negative τf value. Zn2SiO4 nanoparticles synthesized by Sol–Gel method were used to improve the sintering and dielectric properties of the Zn2SiO4 ceramics. Using the nanoparticles, Zn2SiO4 ceramics can be sintered at a low temperature, 1150°C and exhibited improved microwave dielectric properties of er =6.62, Q × f=24500 GHz, τf =-59ppm/°C. By adding TiO2 with high positive τf value (+450 ppm/°C) and CuO as sintering aid, near zero τf value and low sintering temperature can be achieved. With 11wt% of TiO2 and 5 wt% of CuO, an er value of 9.3, a Q × f value of 12200GHz and a τf value of -11 ppm/°C were obtained at 1000°C, confirming the promising potential of the CuO-added TiO2-Zn2SiO4 ceramics as candidate materials for low–temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) devices.

Low-Temperature Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of the Zn2SiO4 Ceramics

The electronic properties and electron affinity of the hydrogenated nanodiamonds with surface reconstructions

Magnetic topological states have attracted great attention that provide exciting platforms for exploring prominent physical phenomena and applications of topological spintronics. Here, using a tight-binding model and first-principles calculations, we put forward that, in contrast to previously reported magnetic second-order topological insulators (SOTIs), robust SOTIs can emerge in two-dimensional ferromagnets regardless of magnetization directions. Remarkably, we identify intrinsic ferromagnetic 2H-RuCl2 and Janus VSSe monolayers as experimentally feasible candidates of predicted robust SOTIs with the emergence of nontrivial corner states along different magnetization directions. Moreover, under out-of-plane magnetization, we unexpectedly point out that the valley polarization of SOTIs can be huge and much larger than that of the known ferrovalley materials, opening up a technological avenue to bridge the valleytronics and higher-order topology with high possibility of innovative applications in topological spintronics and valleytronics.

Ying Dai

Papers

Multiple Topological Magnetism in van der Waals Heterostructure of MnTe2/ZrS2.

Realization of insulating massive Dirac fermion state in Bi2Te3 by co-substitution of magnetic and non-magnetic elements

Low-Temperature Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of the Zn2SiO4 Ceramics

The electronic properties and electron affinity of the hydrogenated nanodiamonds with surface reconstructions

Robust Second-Order Topological Insulators with Giant Valley Polarization in Two-Dimensional Honeycomb Ferromagnets.