Institution
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Facility•Bremerhaven, Germany•
About: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research is a facility organization based out in Bremerhaven, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Sea ice & Arctic. The organization has 3359 authors who have published 10759 publications receiving 499623 citations. The organization is also known as: AWI & Alfred Wegener Institut.
Topics: Sea ice, Arctic, Ice sheet, Arctic ice pack, Glacial period
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that the formation of polysaccharide particles is an important pathway to convert dissolved into particulate organic carbon during phytoplankton blooms, and can be described in terms of aggregation kinetics.
Abstract: The formation and sinking of biogenic particles mediate vertical mass fluxes and drive elemental cycling in the ocean1. Whereas marine sciences have focused primarily on particle production by phytoplankton growth, particle formation by the assembly of organic macromolecules has almost been neglected2, 3. Here we show, by means of a combined experimental and modelling study, that the formation of polysaccharide particles is an important pathway to convert dissolved into particulate organic carbon during phytoplankton blooms, and can be described in terms of aggregation kinetics. Our findings suggest that aggregation processes in the ocean cascade from the molecular scale up to the size of fast-settling particles, and give new insights into the cycling and export of biogeochemical key elements such as carbon, iron and thorium.
353 citations
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University College Cork1, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research2, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology3, University of Southampton4, University of Rennes5, University of Sheffield6, Oregon State University7, Umeå University8, Natural History Museum9, Princeton University10
TL;DR: A number of unique features of aquatic experimental systems are focused on, an expansion to the scope of diversity facets to be considered when assessing the functional consequences of changes in biodiversity are proposed and a hierarchical classification scheme of ecosystem functions and their corresponding response variables is outlined.
Abstract: Recent experiments, mainly in terrestrial environments, have provided evidence of the functional importance of biodiversity to ecosystem processes and properties. Compared to terrestrial systems, aquatic ecosystems are characterised by greater propagule and material exchange, often steeper physical and chemical gradients, more rapid biological processes and, in marine systems, higher metazoan phylogenetic diversity. These characteristics limit the potential to transfer conclusions derived from terrestrial experiments to aquatic ecosystems whilst at the same time provide opportunities for testing the general validity of hypotheses about effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. Here, we focus on a number of unique features of aquatic experimental systems, propose an expansion to the scope of diversity facets to be considered when assessing the functional consequences of changes in biodiversity and outline a hierarchical classification scheme of ecosystem functions and their corresponding response variables. We then briefly highlight some recent controversial and newly emerging issues relating to biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Based on lessons learnt from previous experimental and theoretical work, we finally present four novel experimental designs to address largely unresolved questions about biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. These include (1) investigating the effects of non-random species loss through the manipulation of the order and magnitude of such loss using dilution experiments; (2) combining factorial manipulation of diversity in interconnected habitat patches to test the additivity of ecosystem functioning between habitats; (3) disentangling the impact of local processes from the effect of ecosystem openness via factorial manipulation of the rate of recruitment and biodiversity within patches and within an available propagule pool; and (4) addressing how non-random species extinction following sequential exposure to different stressors may affect ecosystem functioning. Implementing these kinds of experimental designs in a variety of systems will, we believe, shift the focus of investigations from a species richness-centred approach to a broader consideration of the multifarious aspects of biodiversity that may well be critical to understanding effects of biodiversity changes on overall ecosystem functioning and to identifying some of the potential underlying mechanisms involved.
353 citations
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TL;DR: The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q10 effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south.
350 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, surface sediment samples from the eastern South Atlantic Ocean including the Walvis Ridge, the Angola and Cape basins, and the Southwest African continental margin were analysed for their benthic foraminiferal content to unravel faunal distribution patterns and ecological preferences.
349 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the sea ice component of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), and compare B-grid and C-grid dynamic solvers and other numerical details of the parameterized dynamics and thermodynamics in a regional Arctic configuration.
349 citations
Authors
Showing all 3520 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paul G. Falkowski | 127 | 378 | 64898 |
Thomas F. Stocker | 99 | 375 | 58271 |
Ulf Riebesell | 89 | 333 | 25958 |
Kenneth W. Bruland | 83 | 180 | 25626 |
Antje Boetius | 78 | 291 | 23195 |
Hans-Otto Pörtner | 76 | 332 | 24435 |
Eric W. Wolff | 76 | 318 | 23567 |
Helmut Hillebrand | 75 | 225 | 26232 |
Frank Oliver Glöckner | 70 | 209 | 47162 |
Gerhard Kattner | 70 | 185 | 16611 |
David W. Lea | 69 | 126 | 20452 |
Tzyy-Ping Jung | 68 | 361 | 28290 |
Thorsten Dittmar | 68 | 256 | 21578 |
Philippe Huybrechts | 68 | 222 | 18477 |
Richard T. Barber | 67 | 131 | 18866 |