Institution
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Facility•Bremerhaven, Germany•
About: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research is a facility organization based out in Bremerhaven, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Sea ice & Arctic. The organization has 3359 authors who have published 10759 publications receiving 499623 citations. The organization is also known as: AWI & Alfred Wegener Institut.
Topics: Sea ice, Arctic, Ice sheet, Arctic ice pack, Glacial period
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research1, University of Guelph2, Brigham Young University3, United States Geological Survey4, University of Alaska Fairbanks5, University of Alberta6, Northern Arizona University7, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research8, University of Potsdam9, Stockholm University10, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory11, National Center for Atmospheric Research12
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize the best available information and develop inventory models to simulate abrupt thaw impacts on permafrost carbon balance, and they conclude that models considering only gradual thaw are substantially underestimating carbon emissions.
Abstract: The permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil. Abrupt thaw will probably occur in <20% of the permafrost zone but could affect half of permafrost carbon through collapsing ground, rapid erosion and landslides. Here, we synthesize the best available information and develop inventory models to simulate abrupt thaw impacts on permafrost carbon balance. Emissions across 2.5 million km2 of abrupt thaw could provide a similar climate feedback as gradual thaw emissions from the entire 18 million km2 permafrost region under the warming projection of Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. While models forecast that gradual thaw may lead to net ecosystem carbon uptake under projections of Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, abrupt thaw emissions are likely to offset this potential carbon sink. Active hillslope erosional features will occupy 3% of abrupt thaw terrain by 2300 but emit one-third of abrupt thaw carbon losses. Thaw lakes and wetlands are methane hot spots but their carbon release is partially offset by slowly regrowing vegetation. After considering abrupt thaw stabilization, lake drainage and soil carbon uptake by vegetation regrowth, we conclude that models considering only gradual permafrost thaw are substantially underestimating carbon emissions from thawing permafrost. Analyses of inventory models under two climate change projection scenarios suggest that carbon emissions from abrupt thaw of permafrost through ground collapse, erosion and landslides could contribute significantly to the overall permafrost carbon balance.
399 citations
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TL;DR: The limited capacity of ventilation and circulation at extreme temperatures causes insufficient O(2) supply, thereby limiting aerobic scope and, finally, thermal tolerance.
Abstract: Geographic distribution limits of ectothermal animals appear to be correlated with thermal tolerance thresholds previously identified from the onset of anaerobic metabolism. Transition to these cri...
395 citations
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TL;DR: Using a genome-wide approach to estimate the “green” contribution to diatoms, it is identified >1700 green gene transfers, constituting 16% of the diatom nuclear coding potential.
Abstract: Diatoms and other chromalveolates are among the dominant phytoplankters in the world's oceans. Endosymbiosis was essential to the success of chromalveolates, and it appears that the ancestral plastid in this group had a red algal origin via an ancient secondary endosymbiosis. However, recent analyses have turned up a handful of nuclear genes in chromalveolates that are of green algal derivation. Using a genome-wide approach to estimate the "green" contribution to diatoms, we identified >1700 green gene transfers, constituting 16% of the diatom nuclear coding potential. These genes were probably introduced into diatoms and other chromalveolates from a cryptic endosymbiont related to prasinophyte-like green algae. Chromalveolates appear to have recruited genes from the two major existing algal groups to forge a highly successful, species-rich protist lineage.
395 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of calcite produced by two planktonic foraminifera species, Orbulina universa and Globige- rina bulloides, in laboratory culture experiments was investigated.
395 citations
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Texas A&M University1, Texas A&M University at Galveston2, National Autonomous University of Mexico3, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research4, Australian Institute of Marine Science5, Qatar University6, University of Alaska Fairbanks7, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research8, St. John's University9, University of Massachusetts Boston10, University of Nevada, Reno11, University of Texas at San Antonio12, Florida State University13, University of Washington14, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi15, Université du Québec à Rimouski16, Polish Academy of Sciences17, National Institute of Oceanography, India18, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton19, Scottish Association for Marine Science20
TL;DR: This biomass census and associated maps are vital components of mechanistic deep-sea food web models and global carbon cycling, and as such provide fundamental information that can be incorporated into evidence-based management.
Abstract: A comprehensive seafloor biomass and abundance database has been constructed from 24 oceanographic institutions worldwide within the Census of Marine Life (CoML) field projects. The machine-learning algorithm, Random Forests, was employed to model and predict seafloor standing stocks from surface primary production, water-column integrated and export particulate organic matter (POM), seafloor relief, and bottom water properties. The predictive models explain 63% to 88% of stock variance among the major size groups. Individual and composite maps of predicted global seafloor biomass and abundance are generated for bacteria, meiofauna, macrofauna, and megafauna (invertebrates and fishes). Patterns of benthic standing stocks were positive functions of surface primary production and delivery of the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the seafloor. At a regional scale, the census maps illustrate that integrated biomass is highest at the poles, on continental margins associated with coastal upwelling and with broad zones associated with equatorial divergence. Lowest values are consistently encountered on the central abyssal plains of major ocean basins The shift of biomass dominance groups with depth is shown to be affected by the decrease in average body size rather than abundance, presumably due to decrease in quantity and quality of food supply. This biomass census and associated maps are vital components of mechanistic deep-sea food web models and global carbon cycling, and as such provide fundamental information that can be incorporated into evidence-based management.
394 citations
Authors
Showing all 3520 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Paul G. Falkowski | 127 | 378 | 64898 |
Thomas F. Stocker | 99 | 375 | 58271 |
Ulf Riebesell | 89 | 333 | 25958 |
Kenneth W. Bruland | 83 | 180 | 25626 |
Antje Boetius | 78 | 291 | 23195 |
Hans-Otto Pörtner | 76 | 332 | 24435 |
Eric W. Wolff | 76 | 318 | 23567 |
Helmut Hillebrand | 75 | 225 | 26232 |
Frank Oliver Glöckner | 70 | 209 | 47162 |
Gerhard Kattner | 70 | 185 | 16611 |
David W. Lea | 69 | 126 | 20452 |
Tzyy-Ping Jung | 68 | 361 | 28290 |
Thorsten Dittmar | 68 | 256 | 21578 |
Philippe Huybrechts | 68 | 222 | 18477 |
Richard T. Barber | 67 | 131 | 18866 |