Institution
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Facility•Bremerhaven, Germany•
About: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research is a facility organization based out in Bremerhaven, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Sea ice & Arctic. The organization has 3359 authors who have published 10759 publications receiving 499623 citations. The organization is also known as: AWI & Alfred Wegener Institut.
Topics: Sea ice, Arctic, Ice sheet, Arctic ice pack, Glacial period
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Egg production rate was regulated mainly by changes of the spawning interval, while changes of clutch size were independent of experimental conditions, indicating endogenous control of egg production in addition to food and temperature effects.
Abstract: The use of the egg production rate of herbivorous copepods as an important parameter for understanding population dynamics and as an index of secondary production requires knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms involved and of the response to changes in food concentrations and temperature. Furthermore, the effects of season and generation on egg production have to be studied. In this context data are presented for Calanus finmarchicus from the northern North Atlantic. Prefed and prestarved females were exposed to different concentrations of the diatom Thalassiosira antarctica over 1 to 2 wk at 0 or 5 °C, and egg deposition was controlled daily. Egg production increased with higher food concentrations, but much less when prestarved. The effect of temperatures between −1.5 and 8 °C on egg production was studied in females maintained at optimum feeding conditions. Egg production rate increased exponentially over the whole temperature range by a factor of 5.2, from 14.2 to 73.4 eggs female−1 d−1, and carbon-specific egg production by 4, from 2.1 to 8.5% body C d−1. The response to starvation was also temperature dependent. In both the temperature and feeding experiments egg production rate was regulated mainly by changes of the spawning interval, while changes of clutch size were independent of experimental conditions. Different responses to optimum feeding conditions were observed in females collected in monthly intervals on three occasions between March and May. The March females deposited more clutches than the April and May females. In May, >50% of the females did not spawn at all. Maximum egg production rates were never >25% of the rate expected at 5 °C, indicating endogenous control of egg production in addition to food and temperature effects.
192 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a transect between the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and Kapp Norvegia was used to determine the structure of the Weddell gyre and its associated transports.
Abstract: . A cyclonic gyre controls the advection of source waters into the formation areas of bottom water in the southern and western parts of the Weddell Sea and the subsequent transport of modified water masses to the north. Determination of the structure of the Weddell Gyre and of the associated transports was one of the objectives of the "Weddell Gyre Study" which began in September 1989 and ended in January 1993. The collected data set comprises records of moored current meters and profiles of temperature and salinity distributed along a transect between the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and Kapp Norvegia. The circulation pattern on the transect is dominated by stable boundary currents of several hundred kilometers width at the eastern and western sides of the basin. They are of comparable size on both sides and provide nearly 90% of the volume transport of the gyre which amounts to 29.5 Sv. In the interior, a weak anticyclonic cell of 800 km diameter transports less than 4 Sv. Apart from the continental slopes, the near-bottom currents flow at some locations in an opposite direction to those in the water column above, indicating a significant baroclinic component of the current field. The intensity of the boundary currents is subject to seasonal fluctuations, whereas in the interior, time scales from days to weeks dominate. The large-scale circulation pattern is persistent during the years 1989 to 1991. The heat transport into the southern Weddell Sea is estimated to be 3.48×1013 W. This implies an equivalent heat loss through the sea surface of 19 W m-2, as an average value for the area south of the transect. The derived salt transport is not significantly different from zero; consequently, the salt gain by sea ice formation has to compensate almost entirely the fresh water gain from the melting ice shelves and from precipitation. Estimation of water mass formation rates from the thermohaline differences of the inflow and outflow through the transect indicates that 6.0 Sv of Warm Deep Water are transformed into 2.6 Sv of Weddell Sea Bottom Water, into 1.2 Sv of Weddell Sea Deep Water, and into 2.2 Sv of surface water.
192 citations
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TL;DR: The authors provide an overview on the different records mostly covering the Holocene but partly extending into the Late Glacial based on a large variety of archives and proxies, particularly discuss possible reasons for regionally diverging palaeoclimatic interpretations and summarize potential climate forcing mechanisms.
191 citations
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TL;DR: Water and vegetation samples seem to provide the most accurate estimates of bioavailable Sr to generate Sr isoscapes in the study area, and the data obtained from the archeological bivalve shells show that the modern rivers yield ratios which are similar to those of the past.
191 citations
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Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research1, Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen2, University of Bremen3, University of East Anglia4, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration5, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean6, Oak Ridge National Laboratory7, Yale University8, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University9, Hobart Corporation10, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences11, Norwegian Institute for Water Research12, University of Liège13, British Antarctic Survey14, University of Georgia15, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute16, National Sun Yat-sen University17, University of Washington18, University of Perpignan19, Oregon State University20, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research21, Plymouth Marine Laboratory22, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research23, University of New Hampshire24, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton25, Japan Meteorological Agency26, Norwich University27, Princeton University28, Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences29, Hokkaido University30, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology31, National Institute for Environmental Studies32, Spanish National Research Council33, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies34, National Institute of Oceanography, India35, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory36, Silver Spring Networks37, Polish Academy of Sciences38, Dalhousie University39, Cooperative Research Centre40, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory41, Scripps Institution of Oceanography42, Fisheries and Oceans Canada43
TL;DR: The surface ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project as discussed by the authors provides a publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC).
Abstract: A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.
191 citations
Authors
Showing all 3520 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paul G. Falkowski | 127 | 378 | 64898 |
Thomas F. Stocker | 99 | 375 | 58271 |
Ulf Riebesell | 89 | 333 | 25958 |
Kenneth W. Bruland | 83 | 180 | 25626 |
Antje Boetius | 78 | 291 | 23195 |
Hans-Otto Pörtner | 76 | 332 | 24435 |
Eric W. Wolff | 76 | 318 | 23567 |
Helmut Hillebrand | 75 | 225 | 26232 |
Frank Oliver Glöckner | 70 | 209 | 47162 |
Gerhard Kattner | 70 | 185 | 16611 |
David W. Lea | 69 | 126 | 20452 |
Tzyy-Ping Jung | 68 | 361 | 28290 |
Thorsten Dittmar | 68 | 256 | 21578 |
Philippe Huybrechts | 68 | 222 | 18477 |
Richard T. Barber | 67 | 131 | 18866 |