Comenius University in Bratislava

About: Comenius University in Bratislava is a education organization based out in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 9911 authors who have published 20523 publications receiving 439137 citations.

Occurrence and Origin of Andalusite in Peraluminous Felsic Igneous Rocks

Abstract: Andalusite occurs as an accessory mineral in many types of peraluminous felsic igneous rocks, including rhyolites, aplites, granites, pegmatites, and anatectic migmatites. Some published stability curves for And ¼ Sil and the water-saturated granite solidus permit a small stability field for andalusite in equilibrium with felsic melts. We examine 108 samples of andalusite-bearing felsic rocks from more than 40 localities world-wide. Our purpose is to determine the origin of andalusite, including the T–P–X controls on andalusite formation, using eight textural and chemical criteria: size— compatibility with grain sizes of igneous minerals in the same rock; shape—ranging from euhedral to anhedral, with no simple correlation with origin; state of aggregation—single grains or clusters of grains; association with muscovite—with or without rims of monocrystalline or polycrystalline muscovite; inclusions—rare mineral inclusions and melt inclusions; chemical composition—andalusite with little significant chemical variation, except in iron content (008–171 wt % FeO); compositional zoning—concentric, sector, patchy, oscillatory zoning cryptically reflect growth conditions; compositions of coexisting phases—biotites with high siderophyllite–eastonite contents (Aliv 268 007 atoms per formula unit), muscovites with 057–401 wt % FeO and 002– 285 wt % TiO2, and apatites with 353 018 wt % F. Coexisting muscovite–biotite pairs have a wide range of F contents, and FBt ¼ 1612FMs þ 0015. Most coexisting minerals have compositions consistent with equilibration at magmatic conditions. The three principal genetic types of andalusite in felsic igneous rocks are: Type 1 Metamorphic—(a) prograde metamorphic (in thermally metamorphosed peraluminous granites), (b) retrograde metamorphic (inversion from sillimanite of unspecified origin), (c) xenocrystic (derivation from local country rocks), and (d) restitic (derivation from source regions); Type 2 Magmatic—(a) peritectic (water-undersaturated, T") associated with leucosomes in migmatites, (b) peritectic (water-undersaturated, T#), as reaction rims on garnet or cordierite, (c) cotectic (water-undersaturated, T#) direct crystallization from a silicate melt, and (d) pegmatitic (watersaturated, T#), associated with aplite–pegmatite contacts or pegmatitic portion alone; Type 3 Metasomatic—(water-saturated, magma-absent), spatially related to structural discontinuities in host, replacement of feldspar and/or biotite, intergrowths with quartz. The great majority of our andalusite samples show one or more textural or chemical criteria suggesting a magmatic origin. Of the many possible controls on the formation of andalusite (excess Al2O3, water concentration and fluid evolution, high Be–B–Li–P, high F, high Fe–Mn–Ti, and kinetic considerations), the two most important factors appear to be excess Al2O3 and the effect of releasing water (either to strip alkalis from the melt or to reduce alumina solubility in the melt). Of particular importance is the evidence for magmatic andalusite in granites showing no significant depression of the solidus, suggesting that the And ¼ Sil equilibrium must cross the granite solidus rather than lie below it. Magmatic andalusite, however formed, is susceptible to supra- or sub-solidus reaction to produce muscovite. In many cases, textural evidence of this reaction remains, but in other cases muscovite may completely replace andalusite leaving little or no evidence of its former existence.

Mutations in HNF1A result in marked alterations of plasma glycan profile.

Abstract: A recent genome-wide association study identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) as a key regulator of fucosylation. We hypothesized that loss-of-function HNF1A mutations causal for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) would display altered fucosylation of N-linked glycans on plasma proteins and that glycan biomarkers could improve the efficiency of a diagnosis of HNF1A-MODY. In a pilot comparison of 33 subjects with HNF1A-MODY and 41 subjects with type 2 diabetes, 15 of 29 glycan measurements differed between the two groups. The DG9-glycan index, which is the ratio of fucosylated to nonfucosylated triantennary glycans, provided optimum discrimination in the pilot study and was examined further among additional subjects with HNF1A-MODY (n = 188), glucokinase (GCK)-MODY (n = 118), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α (HNF4A)-MODY (n = 40), type 1 diabetes (n = 98), type 2 diabetes (n = 167), and nondiabetic controls (n = 98). The DG9-glycan index was markedly lower in HNF1A-MODY than in controls or other diabetes subtypes, offered good discrimination between HNF1A-MODY and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (C statistic ≥0.90), and enabled us to detect three previously undetected HNF1A mutations in patients with diabetes. In conclusion, glycan profiles are altered substantially in HNF1A-MODY, and the DG9-glycan index has potential clinical value as a diagnostic biomarker of HNF1A dysfunction.

Clinical and economic burden of invasive fungal diseases in Europe: focus on pre-emptive and empirical treatment of Aspergillus and Candida species

Abstract: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) have been widely studied in recent years, largely because of the increasing population at risk. Aspergillus and Candida species remain the most common causes of IFDs, but other fungi are emerging. The early and accurate diagnosis of IFD is critical to outcome and the optimisation of treatment. Rapid diagnostic methods and new antifungal therapies have advanced disease management in recent years. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of IFDs include prophylaxis, and empirical and pre-emptive therapy. Here, we review the available primary literature on the clinical and economic burden of IFDs in Europe from 2000 to early 2011, with a focus on the value and outcomes of different approaches.

Searches for heavy ZZ and ZW resonances in the ℓℓqq and ννqq final states in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: This paper reports searches for heavy resonances decaying into ZZ or ZW using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s - 13 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integra ...