Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University

About: Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University is a healthcare organization based out in Ürümqi, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Apoptosis & Population. The organization has 241 authors who have published 139 publications receiving 1190 citations.

S-1 for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature.

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver neoplasm worldwide. Based on its potent inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), S-1 is expected to be more active than other fluoropyrimidines against HCC with DPD activity. This systematic review was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of S-1 for treatment of advanced HCC. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBA-SE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the terms "Hepatocellular Carcinoma" or "HCC" or "Hepatoma" or "Liver cancer" and ''S-1''. Outcomes of main interest included overall survival (OS) and toxicities. We identified four studies of S-1 treatment alone from 1059 references, including a total of 272 patients. There were two original articles and two conference abstracts. The percentage of male patients ranged from 88 to 91.3% and median age ranged from 59 to 70 years. Median OS ranged from 8.6 to 16.5 months. The incidences of toxicity of more than 50% were thrombocytopaenia and fatigue. According to the original description, toxicities were acceptable. The current evidence from the available clinical studies suggests that S-1 may be an effective and tolerable treatment for advanced HCC. Further clinical studies are warranted to further investigate this treatment option.

The clinical characteristic differences between thrombosis-related edema and lymphedema following radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer.

Abstract: Thrombosis-related edema and lymphedema are two principal types of lower extremity edema results from radiotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer. To characterize differences between them, a retrospective study was performed. We collected data including age, race, body weight, FIGO stage, histology type, platelet count, haemoglobin, time of definitely diagnosis, therapeutic regimen, edema type and which leg edema firstly occurred in. Of 40 patients who were eligible for this study, 32 were diagnosed as thrombosis-related edema and 8 diagnosed as lymphedema. The differences in patient age (p = 0.004), propotion of race (p = 0.021), the latent time (p = 0.002) and the mean platelet count (p = 0.019) were statistically significant. Among 32 patients with thrombosis-related edema, 34.4% were in stage II and 53.1% in stage III, 78.1% were squamous cell carcinoma. Among 8 patients with lymphedema, 87.5% were in stage II and 62.5% were squamous cell carcinoma. The differences were not statistically significant for weight (p = 0.94), histology type (p = 0.648), edema site (p = 0.236), haemoglobin (p = 0.088) between the two grouping patients. Although the small patient cohort is a limitation, the results suggest that the patients with thrombosis-related edema may have higher proportion, lower age, shorter latent edema time and more platelet count than those with lymphedema. Also, thrombosis-related edema was likely inclined to Uigur and lymphedema to Han race. We did not find statistical differences in weight, edema site, histology type and haemoglobin between patients with thrombosis-related edema and lymphedema.

Drug Release Characteristics and Tissue Distribution of Rifapentine Polylactic Acid Sustained-Release Microspheres in Rabbits after Paravertebral Implantation.

Abstract: Background: Rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and TB associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have increased dramatically, intensifying challenges in TB control. New formulations of TB treatment drugs that control drug release and increase local drug concentrations will have a significant impact on mitigating the toxic side effects and increasing the clinical efficacy of anti-TB drugs. Objectives: The aim was to observe the sustained release characteristics of rifapentine polylactic acid sustained-release microspheres in vivo and the accumulation of rifapentine in other tissues following paravertebral implantation. Methods: This study is a basic animal experimental study that began on July 17, 2014 in the Fifth Affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. One hundred and eight New Zealand white rabbits (weighing 2.8 - 3.0 kg, male and female, China) were randomly divided into three groups of 36 rabbits each. Blood and tissue samples from the liver, lungs, kidneys, vertebrae, and paravertebral muscle were collected at different time points post-surgery. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with a biological internal standard was used to determine the drug concentrations in samples. Results: In group A, no significant differences in rifapentine concentrations in the liver were detected between any two time points (P > 0.05). However, the differences in rifapentine concentrations between day 10 and day 21 were statistically significant (P 0.05). In group B, the differences in rifapentine concentration between days 3 and 10 in vertebral bone and in paravertebral muscles were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Rifapentine was detected in the vertebral bone tissue in the group C animals. The rifapentine concentrations between two sequential time points were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Rifapentine could not be detected in the paravertebral muscles 46 days after the operation. The differences in rifapentine concentrations between two sequential time points among days 3, 10, 21, and 35 were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: After paravertebral implantation of rifapentine polylactic acid sustained-release microspheres, the concentration of rifapentine in local vertebral bone tissues was maintained above the TB minimum inhibitory concentration for up to 60 days with no apparent accumulation of the drug in other tissues.

Serum levels of inhibitory costimulatory molecules and correlations with levels of innate immune cytokines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze serum levels of inhibitory costimulatory molecules and their correlations with innate immune cytokine levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS Data for 280 PTB patients and 280 healthy individuals were collected. Serum levels of immune molecules were measured using ELISA. Univariate, multivariate, subgroup, matrix correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed. RESULTS Host, environment, lifestyle, clinical features, and medical history all influenced PTB. Serum levels of soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1), soluble T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (sTim-3), soluble galectin-9 (sGal-9), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-33 were significantly higher in patients with PTB, while levels of IL-12, IL-23, IL-18, and interferon (IFN)-γ were significantly lower. Serum levels of sTim-3 were higher in alcohol users. Levels of sTim-3 were negatively correlated with those of IL-12. Levels of IL-12, IL-23, and IL-18 were positively correlated with those of IFN-γ, while levels of IL-12 were negatively correlated with those of IL-4. The areas under the curve of sPD-L1, sTim-3, sGal-9, IL-12, IL-23, IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-33 for identifying PTB were all >0.77. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory costimulatory molecules may be targets for controlling PTB. Immune molecules may be helpful for diagnosis of PTB.

Identification of rare PTCH1 nonsense variant causing orofacial cleft in a Chinese family and an up-to-date genotype-phenotype analysis

Abstract: The Patched 1 (PTCH1) gene encodes a membrane receptor involved in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, an abnormal state of which may result in congenital defects or human tumors. In this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing on a three-generation Chinese family characterized with variable penetrance of orofacial clefts. A rare heterozygous variant in the PTCH1 gene (c.2833C > T p.R945X) was identified as a disease-associated mutation. Structural modeling revealed a truncation starting from the middle of the second extracellular domain of PTCH1 protein. This may damage its ligand recognition and sterol transportation abilities, thereby affecting the Hh signaling pathway. Biochemical assays indicated that the R945X protein had reduced stability compared to the wild-type in vitro. In addition, we reviewed the locations and mutation types of PTCH1 variants in individuals with clefting phenotypes, and analyzed the associations between clefts and locations or types of variants within PTCH1. Our findings provide further evidence that PTCH1 variants result in orofacial clefts, and contributed to genetic counseling and clinical surveillance in this family.