fondazione bruno kessler

About: fondazione bruno kessler is a facility organization based out in Trento, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Silicon photomultiplier & Detector. The organization has 1145 authors who have published 4730 publications receiving 94404 citations. The organization is also known as: Trentino Institute of Culture.

Empowering cultural heritage professionals with tools for authoring and deploying personalised visitor experiences

Abstract: This paper presents an authoring environment, which supports cultural heritage professionals in the process of creating and deploying a wide range of different personalised interactive experiences that combine the physical (objects, collection and spaces) and the digital (multimedia content). It is based on a novel flexible formalism that represents the content and the context as independent from one another and allows recombining them in multiple ways thus generating many different interactions from the same elements. The authoring environment was developed in a co-design process with heritage stakeholders and addresses the composition of the content, the definition of the personalisation, and the deployment on a physical configuration of bespoke devices. To simplify the editing while maintaining a powerful representation, the complex creation process is deconstructed into a limited number of elements and phases, including aspects to control personalisation both in content and in interaction. The user interface also includes examples of installations for inspiration and as a means for learning what is possible and how to do it. Throughout the paper, installations in public exhibitions are used to illustrate our points and what our authoring environment can produce. The expressiveness of the formalism and the variety of interactive experiences that could be created was assessed via a range of laboratory tests, while a user-centred evaluation with over 40 cultural heritage professionals assessed whether they feel confident in directly controlling personalisation.

Convolutive underdetermined source separation through weighted interleaved ICA and spatio-temporal source correlation

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for underdetermined acoustic source separation of convolutive mixtures. Multiple complex-valued Independent Component Analysis adaptations jointly estimate the mixing matrix and the temporal activities of multiple sources in each frequency. A structure based on a recursive temporal weighting of the gradient enforces each ICA adaptation to estimate mixing parameters related to sources having a disjoint temporal activity. Permutation problem is reduced imposing a multiresolution spatio-temporal correlation of the narrow-band components. Finally, aligned mixing parameters are used to recover the sources through L0 -norm minimization and a post-processing based on a single channel Wiener filtering. Promising results obtained over a public dataset show that the proposed method is an effective solution to the underdetermined source separation problem.

Introducing SmartNICs in Server-Based Data Plane Processing: The DDoS Mitigation Use Case

Abstract: In the recent years, the complexity of the network data plane and their requirements in terms of agility has increased significantly, with many network functions now implemented in software and executed directly in datacenter servers. To avoid bottlenecks and to keep up with the ever increasing network speeds, recent approaches propose to move the software packet processing in kernel space using technologies such as eBPF/XDP, or to offload (part of it) in specialized hardware, the so called SmartNICs. This paper aims at guiding the reader through the intricacies of the above mentioned technologies, leveraging SmartNICs to build a more efficient processing pipeline and providing concrete insights on their usage for a specific use case, namely, the mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In particular, we enhance the mitigation capabilities of edge servers by transparently offloading a portion of DDoS mitigation rules in the SmartNIC, thus achieving a balanced combination of the XDP flexibility in operating traffic sampling and aggregation in the kernel, with the performance of hardware-based filtering. We evaluate the performance in different combinations of host and SmartNIC-based mitigation, showing that offloading part of the DDoS network function in the SmartNIC can indeed optimize the packet processing but only if combined with additional processing on the host kernel space.

Performance of a high-resolution depth-encoding PET detector module using linearly-graded SiPM arrays.

Abstract: The goal of this study was to exploit the excellent spatial resolution characteristics of a position-sensitive silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and develop a high-resolution depth-of-interaction (DOI) encoding positron emission tomography (PET) detector module. The detector consists of a 30 × 30 array of 0.445 × 0.445 × 20 mm3 polished LYSO crystals coupled to two 15.5 × 15.5 mm2 linearly-graded SiPM (LG-SiPM) arrays at both ends. The flood histograms show that all the crystals in the LYSO array can be resolved. The energy resolution, the coincidence timing resolution and the DOI resolution were 21.8 ± 5.8%, 1.23 ± 0.10 ns and 3.8 ± 1.2 mm, respectively, at a temperature of −10 °C and a bias voltage of 35.0 V. The performance did not degrade significantly for event rates of up to 130 000 counts s−1. This detector represents an attractive option for small-bore PET scanner designs that simultaneously emphasize high spatial resolution and high detection efficiency, important, for example, in preclinical imaging of the rodent brain with neuroreceptor ligands.

The impact of the unstructured contacts component in influenza pandemic modeling.

Abstract: Background Individual based models have become a valuable tool for modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of epidemics, e.g. influenza pandemic, and for evaluating the effectiveness of intervention strategies. While specific contacts among individuals into diverse environments (family, school/workplace) can be modeled in a standard way by employing available socio-demographic data, all the other (unstructured) contacts can be dealt with by adopting very different approaches. This can be achieved for instance by employing distance-based models or by choosing unstructured contacts in the local communities or by employing commuting data. Methods/Results Here we show how diverse choices can lead to different model outputs and thus to a different evaluation of the effectiveness of the containment/mitigation strategies. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted for different values of the first generation index G0 , which is the average number of secondary infections generated by the first infectious individual in a completely susceptible population and by varying the seeding municipality. Among the different considered models, attack rate ranges from 19.1% to 25.7% for G0 = 1.1, from 47.8% to 50.7% for G0 = 1.4 and from 62.4% to 67.8% for G0 = 1.7. Differences of about 15 to 20 days in the peak day have been observed. As regards spatial diffusion, a difference of about 100 days to cover 200 km for different values of G0 has been observed. Conclusion To reduce uncertainty in the models it is thus important to employ data, which start being available, on contacts on neglected but important activities (leisure time, sport mall, restaurants, etc.) and time-use data for improving the characterization of the unstructured contacts. Moreover, all the possible effects of different assumptions should be considered for taking public health decisions: not only sensitivity analysis to various model parameters should be performed, but intervention options should be based on the analysis and comparison of different modeling choices.