Showing papers by "Heritage Institute of Technology published in 2014"

A single source-precursor route for the one-pot synthesis of highly luminescent CdS quantum dots as ultra-sensitive and selective photoluminescence sensor for Co2+ and Ni2+ ions

Abstract: In this study, we have demonstrated a facile, simple one-pot and low cost method for the synthesis of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)-capped, water-soluble CdS quantum dots (QDs) with highly tunable optical properties. Initially Cd2+ coordinates with MPA at about pH 5, and the CdS QDs were then formed at a higher pH (7–12) under refluxing conditions through the disruption of coordination interaction with the release of sulfur. Here MPA played a dual role, as both, a source of sulfur and as a stabilizer. The particle size and the optical properties of the as-prepared CdS QDs were found to be dependent on the refluxing time for a given concentration ratio of the reactants and pH of the initial mixture. The broadness and large Stokes shift of emission of MPA–CdS QDs are due to the surface-trap state photoluminescence (PL). The PL peak around 510 nm–650 nm is due to the recombination of shallow trapped electrons in sulfur vacancy defect states with holes in the valence band, and a ∼665 nm peak (shoulder) arises from deep-trap states. The origin of the longer lifetime is presumed to be due to the involvement of surface-trap states and their environment. Use of MPA as a capping agent eventually enhances the water solubility as well as the stability of CdS QDs, which makes them useful for the ultra-sensitive detection of Co2+ and Ni2+. The selective coordination interaction of Co2+ and Ni2+ with MPA–CdS QDs through the carboxyl group of MPA provides a turn-off photoluminescence-based assay for sensitive detection of these metal ions without any interference of other commonly coexisting metal ions. The limit of detection (LOD) is 10 nM for Co2+ ions and 50 nM for Ni2+ ions. Co2+-induced color (from colorless to yellow) and UV-vis spectral change of MPA–CdS QDs is the simple way to distinguish Co2+ from Ni2+ in a higher concentration range (more than 5 µM). On the other hand the lower stability of the Co(II)–MPA complex than the Ni(II)–MPA complex provides a disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-induced, time dependent turn-on photoluminescence-based technique to distinguish Co2+ from Ni2+ in the entire range of concentrations. EDTA-induced time dependent PL recovery of MPA–CdS QDs occurs via rapid dissociation of Co2+ ions from the surface of QDs than that of Ni2+. Thus our synthesized MPA–CdS QDs offer a very simple, rapid, cost-effective, turn-off–on photoluminescence-based technique for ultra-sensitive and selective detection of either Co2+ or Ni2+ in aqueous solution without interference of other common metal ions.

Physico-chemical characterization and biological response of Labeo rohita-derived hydroxyapatite scaffold

Abstract: The chemically treated Labeo rohita scale is used for synthesizing hydroxyapatite (HAp) biomaterials. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of fish scale materials reveal the different phase changes with temperature and find out the suitable calcination temperatures. The composition and structures of wet ball-milled calcined HAp powders are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The EDX as well as chemical analysis of fish scale-derived apatite materials confirms that the Ca/P ratio is 1.71. The compressive stress, hardness and porosity have been evaluated on sintered HAp biomaterials. The cell attachment on HAp surfaces, cytotoxicity evaluation and MTT assay, which are carried out in RAW macrophage-like cell line media demonstrate good biocompatibility. The histological analysis also supports the bioaffinity of processed HAp biomaterials in Wistar rat model for investigating the contact reaction and stability at the artificial or natural prosthesis interface.

Clustering-based recommender system using principles of voting theory

Abstract: Recommender Systems (RS) are widely used for providing automatic personalized suggestions for information, products and services. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of the most popular recommendation techniques. However, with the rapid growth of the Web in terms of users and items, majority of the RS using CF technique suffer from problems like data sparsity and scalability. In this paper, we present a Recommender System based on data clustering techniques to deal with the scalability problem associated with the recommendation task. We use different voting systems as algorithms to combine opinions from multiple users for recommending items of interest to the new user. The proposed work use DBSCAN clustering algorithm for clustering the users, and then implement voting algorithms to recommend items to the user depending on the cluster into which it belongs. The idea is to partition the users of the RS using clustering algorithm and apply the Recommendation Algorithm separately to each partition. Our system recommends item to a user in a specific cluster only using the rating statistics of the other users of that cluster. This helps us to reduce the running time of the algorithm as we avoid computations over the entire data. Our objective is to improve the running time as well as maintain an acceptable recommendation quality. We have tested the algorithm on the Netflix prize dataset.

Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Anti Inflammatory Activity of Leaves and Stem of Mikania scandens (L.) Wild.

Abstract: Background: The greatest disadvantage in the presently available potent synthetic anti‑inflammatory drugs lies in their toxicity and reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation. Hence, people are returning to the natural products with the hope of safety and security. Several species of Mikania have been reported to have anti‑inflammatory properties. Aim: The present study aims to assess the anti‑inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves and stem of Mikania scandens in vivo and in vitro . Materials and Methods: The in vitro bioassay consisted of assaying the effect of the extracts against denaturation of protein (egg albumin) and measuring the absorbance. In vivo anti‑inflammatory activity was checked by measuring the percentage inhibition of carrageenan‑induced rat paw edema after oral administration of the extracts to male Wistar rats. Results: The plant extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids in both the leaf and stem extracts. The in vitro study of leaf extracts of M. scandens demonstrated that at 16000 μg/ml concentration a better anti‑inflammatory activity was exhibited which is more than the stem extracts. Similarly in the in vivo study, carrageenan induced inflammation was significantly antagonized by M. scandens leaf extract, with inhibition of 50% at 1000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of both leaf and stem of M. scandens showed potent anti‑inflammatory activity. In comparison the leaf extract found to be more potent in both the conditions in vivo and in vitro, comparing with the standard drug diclofenac sodium and traditional control rumalaya perhaps due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids and flavonoids in the plant. Keywords: Anti‑inflammatory, Mikania scandens (L.) wild, Phytochemicals

Witness of mixed separable states useful for entanglement creation

Abstract: Absolutely separable states form a special subset of the set of all separable states, as they remain separable under any global unitary transformation unlike other separable states. We consider the set of absolutely separable bipartite states and show that it is convex and compact in any arbitrary dimensional Hilbert space. Through a generic approach of construction of suitable Hermitian operators we prove the completeness of the separation axiom for identifying any separable state that is not absolutely separable. We demonstrate the action of such witness operators in different qudit systems. Examples of mixed separable systems are provided, pointing out the utility of the witness in entanglement creation using quantum gates. Decomposition of witnesses in terms of spin operators or photon polarizations facilitates their measurability for qubit states.

A Novel Technique of Black Tea Quality Prediction Using Electronic Tongue Signals

Abstract: Electronic tongue (ET) system is under extensive development for automatic analysis and prediction of quality of different industrial end products. Each sensor in an ET system generates a specific electronic response in presence of different organic or inorganic compounds in the sample. The vital part of the ET system is the discrimination of the complex pattern generated by the sensor array. In this paper, a novel technique of black tea quality estimation is using the ET signals. A moving window is used to extract discrete wavelet transform coefficients from the transient response of ET. The energy in different frequency bands are used as the features of the ET signal for different positions of the window. The prediction of a new sample is performed by the highest score obtained by a particular class by testing all the patterns generated by windowing ET signal. The performance of the proposed technique is verified to estimate black tea quality using two kernel classifiers, namely support vector machine and recently proposed vector valued regularized kernel function approximation method. High prediction accuracy of both the classifiers confirms the effectiveness of the proposed technique of tea quality estimation using ET signals.

An observer-based distributed scheme for selfish-node detection in a post-disaster communication environment using delay tolerant network

Abstract: Aftermath of disaster causes severe destruction/damage to physical infrastructures. As a result, communication infrastructure gets disrupted for weeks. In such situations, smart-phone based adhoc opportunistic networks may be set up with the smart-phones carried by the relief workers (also referred as nodes) to communicate the situational information from different affected corners to some remote monitoring station. In such scenario, some malicious nodes may try to intercept and manipulate the sensitive situational data with the intention of corruption and fraud. One way of preventing such corruption is to devise an automated mechanism to detect and avoid the malicious nodes during data communication process. Reputation of nodes may be used as a measure to detect malicious nodes where reputation is estimated based on their degree of cooperation with other nodes in the network during data communication. In this paper, we propose an observer based dynamic reputation estimation technique for detection of selfish nodes where a group of independent roving observer nodes were introduced in the network to monitor the behavior of volunteer nodes as forwarder and receiver and to identify whether a node has any group-bias. Observers estimate the reputation of nodes based on their interaction patterns and group-biasness and periodically publishes global node reputation matrix based on which volunteer nodes may select an unselfish forwarder node during their data communication. The performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated on ONE simulator [19].

Valence band structure of InAs(1-x)Bi(x) and InSb(1-x)Bi(x) alloy semiconductors calculated using valence band anticrossing model.

Abstract: The valence band anticrossing model has been used to calculate the heavy/light hole and spin-orbit split-off energies in and alloy systems. It is found that both the heavy/light hole, and spin-orbit split levels move upwards in energy with an increase in Bi content in the alloy, whereas the split energy for the holes shows a reverse trend. The model is also used to calculate the reduction of band gap energy with an increase in Bi mole fraction. The calculated values of band gap variation agree well with the available experimental data.

A New Approach to Solve Intuitionistic Fuzzy Optimization Problem Using Possibility, Necessity, and Credibility Measures

Abstract: Corresponding to chance constraints, real-life possibility, necessity, and credibility measures on intuitionistic fuzzy set are defined. For the first time the mathematical and graphical representations of different types of measures in trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy environment are defined in this paper. We have developed intuitionistic fuzzy chance constraints model (CCM) based on possibility and necessity measures. We have also proposed a new method for solving an intuitionistic fuzzy CCM using chance operators. To validate the proposed method, we have discussed three different approaches to solve the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming (IFLPP) using possibility, necessity and credibility measures. Numerical and graphical representations of optimal solutions of the given example at different possibility and necessity, levels have been discussed.

Pressure Compensator Design for a Swash Plate Axial Piston Pump

Abstract: An in-line axial-piston swash-plate pump with pressure compensator is widely used for its fast speed of response and power economy. Although several simulation based design approaches exist to minimize issues like fluid-born noises, ample scope exists for more exhaustive design analysis. The most popular pressure compensator for a variable displacement pump with a spool valve actuating the control and bias cylinders has been taken up here. With an existing comprehensive flow dynamics model, an updated model for swiveling dynamics has been coupled. The dynamics also includes the force containment and friction effects on the swash plate. A design optimization has been accomplished for the pressure compensator. The target of the optimal design has been set as minimizing the transient oscillations of the swash plate, the compensator spool, pressures in the bias and control cylinders along with avoidance of both over-pressurization and cavitation in the bias cylinder. It has been found that the orifice diameters in the spring-side and at the metering port of the spool valve and in the backside of the bias cylinder have critical role in arriving at an optimum design. The study has led to a useful design procedure for a pressure compensated variable displacement pump.

Finding Influential Nodes in Social Networks Using Minimum k-Hop Dominating Set

Abstract: Challenges in social interaction networks are often modelled as graph theoretic problems. One such problem is to find a group of influential individuals of minimum size or the initial seed set in a social network, so that all the nodes in the network can be reached with only one hop from the seeds. This problem is equivalent to finding a minimum dominating set for the network. In this paper, we address a problem which is similar to finding minimum dominating set but differs in terms of number of hops needed to reach all the nodes. We have generalized the problem as k-hop dominating set problem, where a maximum of k hops will be allowed to spread the information among all the nodes of the graph. We show that the decision version of the k-hop dominating set problem is NP-complete. Results show that, in order to reach the same percentage of nodes in the network, if one extra hop is allowed then the cardinality of the seed set i.e. the number of influential nodes needed, is considerably reduced. Also, the experimental results show that the influential nodes can be characterized by their high betweenness values.

Dyeing of sericin-modified cotton with reactive dyes

Abstract: Cotton was modified with hydrolysed sericin fraction of silk in the presence of trisodium citrate as the esterification catalyst following a pad–dry–cure technique. The treatment of cotton fabric with 5% hydrolysed sericin in the presence of 7.5% catalyst followed by drying at 95°C for 5 min and curing at 140°C for 5 min produced optimum results with respect to exhaustion and fixation of reactive dyes having chlorotriaznyle and vinyl sulphone reactive groups when dyeing was accomplished in the absence of salt. Colour fastness to wash, light and rubbing of cotton for the application of reactive dyes remain unaltered for such prior modification with hydrolysed sericin. IR spectroscopy indicated the incorporation of amino acid residues of sericin fraction of silk in polymeric chains of cotton via establishment of ester linkages between carboxylic group of the amino acid moiety and hydroxyl groups of the cotton cellulose on pad–dry–cure.

Multiple attribute group decision making using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrix

Abstract: A noticeable progress has been found in decision making problems since the introduction of soft set theory by Molodtsov in 1999. It is found that classical soft sets are not suitable to deal with imprecise parameters whereas fuzzy soft sets (FSS) are proved to be useful. Use of intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets (IFSS) is more effective in environment, where arguments are presented using membership and non-membership values. In this paper we propose an algorithmic approach for multiple attribute group decision making problems using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrix (IVIFSM). IVIFSM is the matrix representation of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (IVIFSS), where IVIFSS is a natural combination of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set and soft set theory. Firstly, we propose the concept of IVIFSM. Then an algorithm is developed to find out the desired alternative(s) based on product interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrix, combined choice matrix, and score values of the set of alternatives. Finally, a practical example has been demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Multi-objective multi-item solid transportation problem with fuzzy inequality constraints

Abstract: Zimmermann (Int. J. Gen. Syst. 2:209-215, 1976) first introduced the concept of fuzzy inequality in the field of linear programming problem (LPP). But this concept is hardly used in any real life applications of LPP. So, in this paper, a multi-objective multi-item solid transportation problem (MMSTP) with fuzzy inequality constraints is modeled. Representing different preferences of the decision maker for transportation, three different types of models are formulated and analyzed. Fuzzy inequality solid transportation problem is converted to parameter solid transportation problem by an appropriate choice of flexible index, and then the crisp solid transportation problem is solved by the algorithm (Cao in Optimal Models and Methods with Fuzzy Quantities, 2010) for decision values. Fuzzy interactive satisfied method (FISM), global criterion method (GCM) and convex combination method (CCM) are applied to derive optimal compromise solutions for MMSTP by using MatLab and Lingo-11.0. The models are illustrated with numerical examples and some sensitivity analysis is also presented.

Facial expression and EEG signal based classification of emotion

Abstract: The paper provides a novel approach to emotion recognition from facial expression and Electro Encephalograph (EEG) signal of subjects. Five subjects are requested to watch particular videos for arousing five different emotions in their mind. The facial expressions and EEG signal of subjects are recorded by a good quality camera and EEG machine respectively while watching the movie clips. Facial features include mouth-opening, eye-opening, eyebrow-constriction, and EEG features include, 132 number of Wavelet coefficients, 16 numbers of Kalman Filter coefficients and power spectral density, are then extracted from the facial expression and EEG signal frames. Then these huge numbers of features are reduced by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and feature vector is constructed for 5 different emotions. A linear Support Vector Machine classifier is used to classify the extracted feature vectors into different emotion classes. Experimental results confirm that the recognition accuracy of emotion up to a level of 97% is maintained, even when the mean and standard deviation of noise are as high as 5% and 20% respectively over the individual features.

Detection of Communities in Social Networks Using Spanning Tree

Abstract: Communities are inherent substructures present in social networks. Yet finding communities from a social network can be a difficult task. Therefore, finding communities from a social network is an interesting problem. Also, due to its use in many practical applications, it is considered to be an important problem in social network analysis and is well-studied. In this paper, we propose a maximum spanning tree based method to detect communities from a social network. Experimental results show that this method can detect communities with high accuracy and with reasonably good efficiency compared to other existing community detection techniques.

Unexplored analytics of some novel 3d–4f heterometallic Schiff base complexes

Abstract: Three heterometallic Schiff-base complexes of Cu having Pr, Nd and Sm as the heteroatoms have been synthesized. The compounds have also been characterized by their IR spectra and CHN analysis. The single crystal structures of these compounds have been studied from the X-ray crystallographic data. To the best of our knowledge the article describes the possibility of application of these compounds in the field of species dependent anion sensing for the first time. Amongst a number of anionic species, certain sulphur species were found to have greater reactivity towards a Schiff-base complex as they can incur probable changes in the molecular complexity. The S2O82−and S2O32− species could modify the spectral features of the Schiff-base complex containing Nd as the heteroatom. This particular complex was found to exhibit changes in its absorbance and fluorescence spectral features upon interaction with the anionic species S2O82−and S2O32−. The results give a strong platform for the Schiff base complexes for their analytical applications.

A Global Reputation Estimation and Analysis Technique for detection of malicious nodes in a Post-Disaster Communication environment

Abstract: Collection and analysis of situational data in a post disaster scenario is crucial for providing effective relief operation in the disaster stricken areas. However, malicious and selfish behavior of entities that forward such data pose to be a serious threat against transmission of sensitive situational data in a Post Disaster Communication Network. Due to the highly distributed nature of such a network and absence of trusted third party, one has to depend on attributes like trust and reputation of a node for evaluating it as honest and altruistic. However, a node cannot be expected to have knowledge about the global reputation of all other nodes in a distributed network. For this, we propose a scheme called GREAT (Global Reputation Estimation and Analysis Technique) that uses statistical estimation technique to estimate the global reputation of a node as a forwarder and as a rater from sample reputation values collected from a sample set of nodes in the network. GREAT eventually identifies selfish and malicious nodes in the network and excludes them to a great extent from future communication activities.

Geometrically Linear and Nonlinear First-Ply Failure Loads of Composite Cylindrical Shells

Abstract: Review of the literature on first-ply failure of composite shells shows that research reports on first-ply failure of moderately thin, laminated composite cylindrical shell panels, using a geometrically nonlinear approach, are not available. The present paper aims to fill this deficiency. It uses a finite-element code developed using eight-noded, doubly-curved elements combined with modified Sanders’ first-approximation theory for thin shells and von Karman-type nonlinear strains. The accuracy of the present geometric nonlinear and first-ply failure formulations are verified separately through solutions of two benchmark problems. Failure loads, failure modes (for individual stress or strain failure) or tendencies (for interactive stress failures), and the locations from where the failures initiate are reported. The results are discussed critically to formulate design guidelines, suggesting practical values for factors of safety applicable to failure loads. Such suggestions also consider the servic...

Pattern synthesis of centre fed linear array using Taylor one parameter distribution and restricted search Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract: In this article, a new method of pattern synthesis of centre fed, equal distance linear array having single and multiple synthesis objectives has been proposed and statistically investigated. Single objective of reduced side lobe level (SLL) and first null beamwidth (FNBW) has been considered separately. Consequently, multiple objectives of beamwidth and side lobe level have been investigated. Synthesis of linear array for suitable objectives has been investigated on Taylor one parameter distribution with equal progressive phase. Excitation amplitude of each array element is taken as optimization parameter where distribution has been optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for achieving low SLL. Later the same has been incorporated for obtaining suitable FNBW. In our optimization algorithm conventional PSO has been modified with a restricted search PSO (RSPSO) where search space has been predefined within excitation amplitude range. PSO within the defined range searches for optimum excitation amplitude to achieve the desired objectives. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed RSPSO, simulation results of three significant instances of linear array have been presented for both even and odd number of element. The design results obtained using RSPSO have improved result than those obtained using other state of the art evolutionary algorithms like differential evolution (DE), invasive weeds optimization (IWO) and Conventional particle Swarm optimization (CPSO) in a statistically significant way.

A Network-TOPSIS Based Fuzzy Decision Support System for Supplier Selection in Risky Supply Chain

Abstract: Supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision making problem involving several conflicting criteria on which decision maker's knowledge is not precise. A systematic methodology is proposed by integrating fuzzy extent analysis, fuzzy cognitive map and fuzzy decision map forming a fuzzy decision network with fuzzy-TOPSIS to select appropriate supplier providing flexibility to decision makers. Here linguistic values in triangular fuzzy numbers are preferred to represent relative importance among inter-dependence criteria in preference matrix for local weight as well as steady-state matrix for inner-dependence criteria in fuzzy cognitive map stage. The proposed method makes use of fuzzy decision map for global weights of criteria and fuzzy TOPSIS for assessing the alternatives based on global weight. The steps of the method are described first and a numerical example for supplier selection in textile supply chain is given to illustrate the proposed method.

A Graph-Based 3D IC Partitioning Technique

Abstract: Netlist partitioning is an important part of thephysical design of 3D IC chips. Each subcircuit correspondingto a partition is subsequently assigned to a suitable device layerin the design phase. This paper proposes a netlist partitioningtechnique that intends to minimize the number of inter-layerinterconnections while maintaining the area constraints. This, inturn, will minimze the area and cost associated with the Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) needed in the design. The proposed methodstarts with an BFS-based initial solution and then improves ititeratively using a heuristic. Experimental results demonstratethat by reassigning some modules to other layers, our algorithmcould achieve up to 45% reduction in the number of TSVs onseveral benchmark circuits compared to earlier approaches. Theresulting increase in floor area due to movement of modules acrosslayers, is almost compensated by the decrease in TSV-area. Thuswhile satisfying the area-constraints, it allows us to reduce thenumber of TSVs as well as the IR-drop and delay associated withthe vias.

Analytic hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution: a bibliometric analysis from past, present and future of AHP and TOPSIS

Abstract: Previous review papers on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) mainly focused on the application areas and paid scant attention to the framework development of AHP, TOPSIS and their hybrid methods. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), type of scale used in AHP, modified AHP, rank reversal problem of AHP, validation of AHP, application of AHP, TOPSIS, normalization methods for TOPSIS, distance functions for TOPSIS, fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS, rank reversal problem of TOPSIS and various applications of TOPSIS to prepare a readymade reference for academician, research scholar and industry people. In this regard, research works are gathered from 1980 to 2013 (searched via ScienceDirect, IEEE etc) and out of which 61 research papers are critically assayed to depict the development of AHP, TOPSIS and their hybrid methods. Meaningful information and critical remarks are summarized in various tabular formats and charts to give readers easy information.

Intelligent wall mounted wireless fencing system using wireless sensor actuator network

Abstract: This paper presents the relative merits of IR and microwave sensor technology and their combination with wireless camera for the development of a wall mounted wireless intrusion detection system and explain the phases by which the intrusion information are collected and sent to the central control station using wireless mesh network for analysis and processing the collected data. These days every protected zone is facing numerous security threats like trespassing or damaging of important equipments and a lot more. Unwanted intrusion has turned out to be a growing problem which has paved the way for a newer technology which detects intrusion accurately. Almost all organizations have their own conventional arrangement of protecting their zones by constructing high wall, wire fencing, power fencing or employing guard for manual observation. In case of large areas, manually observing the perimeter is not a viable option. To solve this type of problem we have developed a wall-mounted wireless fencing system. In this project I took the responsibility of studying how the different units could be collaborated and how the data collected from them could be further processed with the help of software, which was developed by me. The Intrusion detection system constitutes an important field of application for IR and microwave based wireless sensor network. A state of the art wall-mounted wireless intrusion detection system will detect intrusion automatically, through multi-level detection mechanism (IR, microwave, active RFID & camera) and will generate multi-level alert (buzzer, images, segment illumination, SMS, E-Mail) to notify security officers, owners and also illuminate the particular segment where the intrusion has happened. This system will enable the authority to quickly handle the emergency through identification of the area of incident at once and to take action quickly. IR based perimeter protection is a proven technology. However IR-based intrusion detection system is not a full-proof solution since (1) IR may fail in foggy or dusty weather condition & hence it may generate false alarm. Therefore we amalgamate this technology with Microwave based intrusion detection which can work satisfactorily in foggy weather. Also another significant arena of our proposed system is the Camera-based intrusion detection. Some industries require this feature to capture the snap-shots of the affected location instantly as the intrusion happens. The Intrusion information data are transmitted wirelessly to the control station via multi hop routing (using active RFID or IEEE 802.15.4 protocol). The Control station will receive intrusion information at real time and analyze the data with the help of the Intrusion software. It then sends SMS to the predefined numbers of the respective authority through GSM modem attached with the control station engine.

How many eyeballs does a bug need? an empirical validation of Linus' Law

Abstract: Linus' Law reflects on a key characteristic of open source software development: developers' tendency to closely work together in the bug resolution process. In this paper we empirically examine Linus' Law using a data-set of 1,000+ Android bugs, owned by 70+ developers. Our results indicate that encouraging developers to work closely with one another has nuanced implications; while one form of contact may help reduce bug resolution time, another form can have quite the opposite effect. We present statistically significant evidence in support of our results and discuss their relevance at the individual and organizational levels.

Analytic hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution: a bibliometric analysis 'from' past, present and future of AHP and TOPSIS

Abstract: Previous review papers on analytic hierarchy process AHP and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution TOPSIS mainly focused on the application areas and paid scant attention to the framework development of AHP, TOPSIS and their hybrid methods. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on AHP, type of scale used in AHP, modified AHP, rank reversal problem of AHP, validation of AHP, application of AHP, TOPSIS, normalisation methods for TOPSIS, distance functions for TOPSIS, fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS, rank reversal problem of TOPSIS and various applications of TOPSIS to prepare a ready-made reference for academician, research scholar and industry people. In this regard, research works are gathered from 1980 to 2013 searched via Science Direct, IEEE etc. and out of which 61 research papers are critically assayed to depict the development of AHP, TOPSIS and their hybrid methods. Meaningful information and critical remarks are summarised in various tabular formats and charts to give readers easy information.

Two-warehouse production inventory model for a deteriorating item with time-varying demand and shortages: a genetic algorithm with varying population size approach

Abstract: A production-inventory model for a deteriorating item with time-varying demand and fully backlogged shortages is developed for a two warehouse system. For display and storage of inventory, management hires one warehouse of finite capacity at the market place, called own warehouse abbreviated as OW and another warehouse with large capacity as it may be required at a distance place from the market, called rented warehouse abbreviated as RW. Though the time of transporting items from RW to OW is ignored the transportation cost for transporting items is taken to be dependent on the transported amount. Here the objective is to minimize the total cost for a finite planning horizon. A genetic algorithm (GA) is designed to determine the optimum number of production cycles and the cycle times within a finite planning horizon. In this GA a subset of better children is included with the parent population for next generation and size of this subset is a percentage of the size of its parent set. Performance of this GA with respect to some other GAs is compared. Two particular cases (i) with non-deteriorating items and (ii) without shortages are also investigated. Finally, to illustrate the model and to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a numerical example is provided. With respect to the demand parameters, a sensitivity analysis is performed and presented. In this paper, we have pointed out that the expression of Lee and Hsu (2009) can be obtained as a particular case.