Showing papers by "Institut national de la recherche agronomique published in 1978"
TL;DR: The kinetics of appearance of intestinal IgA plasmocytes are similar in axenic mice monoassociated with a stimulatory strain and in conventional mice, and the association of two or more strains leads either to the same or a greater number of duodenal IgA Plasmocytes as that obtained with the most stimulating strain.
Abstract: Various bacterial strains were tested for their ability to stimulate immunoglobulin A (IgA) plasmocytes to populate the duodenal lamina propria in axenic mice. The mice were associated with the strains for at least 4 weeks. The strains inhabiting the conventional mouse intestine and belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, Actinobacillus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, and Clostridium (including the extremely oxygen-sensitive ones) are only slightly or nonimmunogenic, whereas the strains belonging to the genera Bacteroides and Escherichia have an immunogenic effect. The same result was obtained with Bacteroides and Escherichia strains isolated from the digestive tract of other animal species. The kinetics of appearance of intestinal IgA plasmocytes are similar in axenic mice monoassociated with a stimulatory strain and in conventional mice. The association of two or more strains with axenic mice leads either to the same or a greater number of duodenal IgA plasmocytes as that obtained with the most stimulatory strain monoassociated with axenic mice. The maximum stimulation recorded in all of these trials represents about two-thirds of that observed in conventional mice and was obtained in the duodenum of gnotoxenic mice harboring four bacterial strains isolated from the conventional mouse microflora. The orally administered killed cells of two immunogenic strains, E. coli and Bacteroides sp., are as immunogenic as the living cells, provided that their concentration in the digestive tract is sufficient.
224 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that fresh water or sea water are not the best media for the practice of artificial insemination in freshwater or marine fish.
177 citations
TL;DR: Protein bodies may be considered as being an example of tonoplast origin from endo-plasmic reticulum, which is based mainly on storage proteins and phytic acid but, hydrolytic enzymes, cations and ribonucleic acids are also present.
149 citations
TL;DR: The small intestine is the main sites of lactate production, and the peripheral tissues are the main site for lactate utilization; during increased ureogenesis in fed rats, lactate is poorly utilized by the liver; the gut is themain site of alanine production in rats fed on a high-carbohydrate diet and the liver utilizes most of the alAnine introduced into the portal-vein plasma in both cases.
Abstract: 1. Inter-organ relationships between glucose, lactate and amino acids were studied by determination of plasma concentrations in different blood vessels of anaesthetized rats fed on either a high-carbohydrate diet [13% (w/w) casein, 79% (w/w) starch] or a high-protein diet [50% (w/w) casein, 42% (w/w) starch]. The period of food intake was limited (09:00–17:00h), and blood was collected 4h after the start of this period (13:00h). 2. Glucose absorption was considerable only in rats fed on a high-carbohydrate diet. Portal-vein–artery differences in plasma lactate concentration were higher in rats fed on this diet, but not proportional to glucose absorption. Aspartate, glutamate and glutamine were apparently converted into alanine, but when dietary protein intake was high, a net absorption of glutamine occurred. 3. The liver removed glucose from the blood in rats fed on a high-carbohydrate diet, but glucose was released into the blood in rats fed on the high-protein diet, probably as a result of gluconeogenesis. Lactate uptake was very low when amino acid availability was high. 4. In rats on a high-protein diet, increased uptake of amino acids, except for ornithine, was associated with a rise in portal-vein plasma concentrations, and in many cases with a decrease in hepatic concentrations. 5. Hepatic concentrations of pyruvate and 2-oxo-glutarate decreased without a concomitant change in the concentrations of lactate and malate in rats fed on the high-protein diet, in spite of an increased supply of pyruvate precursors (e.g. alanine, serine, glycine), suggesting increased pyruvate transport into mitochondria. 6. High postprandial concentrations of plasma glucose and lactate resulted in high uptakes of these metabolites in peripheral tissues of rats on both diets. Glutamine was released peripherally in both cases, whereas alanine was taken up in rats fed on a high-carbohydrate diet, but released when the amino acid supply increased. 7. It is concluded that: the small intestine is the main site of lactate production, and the peripheral tissues are the main site for lactate utilization; during increased ureogenesis in fed rats, lactate is poorly utilized by the liver; the gut is the main site of alanine production in rats fed on a high-carbohydrate diet and the liver utilizes most of the alanine introduced into the portal-vein plasma in both cases.
115 citations
TL;DR: Lymphocytotoxic sera have been produced in forty‐seven cattle following skin grafting or lymphocyte immunization between dam‐offspring pairs and from these sera seventy antilymphocyte reagents have beenproduced.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Lymphocytotoxic sera have been produced in forty-seven cattle following skin grafting or lymphocyte immunization between dam-offspring pairs. From these sera seventy antilymphocyte reagents have been produced. Seven of the sera were operationally monospecific without absorption, thirty-seven others were made operationally monospecific and twenty-six partially purified by absorption with lymphocytes. Thirty-five of these sera were used in France and an additional thirty-five were used in Scotland.
The inheritance of the antigenic factors detected by these sera has been studied in 480 cattle families and the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that at least seventeen of the factors are inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. Fourteen of these factors show evidence of linkage with at least one other factor and are likely to be controlled by a limited number of closely linked loci. It is suggested that these loci should be identified as the BLA region.
110 citations
TL;DR: Enzyme activity was optimal in the presence of 10−5 m orthomosphate but was markedly depressed at concentrations above 10−4m, and the possible implications of these results with respect to mechanisms involved in the assimilation of phosphorus in the VA mycorrhizal system and/or the establishment of VA my Corrhiza-specific phosphatase are discussed.
Abstract: Soluble alkaline phosphatase specific to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection has been demonstrated in enzyme extracts from onion roots inoculated with Glomus mosseae. A close correlation existed between the mycorrhiza-specific phosphatase activity and development of both the infection and the host plant. Maximum activity occurred whilst the infection was still young (100% arbuscular) and coincided with the start of the mycorrhizal growth response, declining afterwards as plant development and infection continued. Enzyme activity was optimal in the presence of 10−5 m orthomosphate but was markedly depressed at concentrations above 10−4m. The properties of mycorrhiza-specific alkaline phosphatase were characteristic of alkaline phosphomonesterase (EC 3.1.3.1.): optimal activity at alkaline pH; inhibition by metal chelating agents, certain cations and orthophosphate; requirement for Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions; hydrolysis of β-glycerol, phenyl and naphthyl phosphates; inability to hydrolyse more complex phosphate esters.
The possible implications of these results with respect to mechanisms involved in the assimilation of phosphorus in the VA mycorrhizal system and/or the establishment of VA mycorrhizal infection are discussed.
108 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It appears that nonspecific esterases are a useful tool supplementing morphology for specific characterization in Meloidogyne species, and because the biochemical evidence is less subjective than the morphological, it is believed it is more reliable.
Abstract: Proteins and various isozymes were investigated by direct analysis of single specimens in order to check molecular genetic variability, which is not rare in Meloidogyne species in spite of parthenogenetic reproduction. Variability was found in esterases, ocglycerophosphate, malate dehydrogenases, and some other proteins. Other loci appear monomorphic in the genus (for example, catalase), Distinct pools of genes are in a relative accordance with the common described species. Characteristic electrophoretograms are given for M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita, M. hapla, and M. naasi, and it appears that nonspecific esterases are a useful tool supplementing morphology for specific characterization. Because the biochemical evidence is less subjective than the morphological, we believe it is more reliable.
99 citations
TL;DR: Growth inhibition of protoplasts and cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) occurs when 0.1 to 10 mM L-valine is present in the culture medium but not if L-isoleucine is simultaneously added.
Abstract: Growth inhibition of protoplasts and cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) occurs when 0.1 to 10 mM L-valine is present in the culture medium but not if L-isoleucine is simultaneously added. Mesophyll protoplasts from haploid tobacco were submitted to ultraviolet irradiation and cell colonies derived from these protoplasts were plated in a medium containing valine. Plants were regenerated from five presumptive resistant calli and retested for valine-resistance. Among the recovered plants two were definitely resistant to valine. This trait was transmitted in sexual crosses as a mendelian character.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified (2, O-2-hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate) manioc starch was hydrolyzed with pullulanase, beta-amylase, and/or amyloglucosidase and the hydrolyzates fractionated on Sephadex G-50.
96 citations
TL;DR: Electrophoregrams of DNA fragments obtained after EcoRI specific cleavage of chloroplastic and mitochondrial DNAs isolated from diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species are compared and it is concluded that the B genome of wheat cannot have originated from contemporary Ae.
94 citations
TL;DR: A systematic comparison of variations of these two parameters indicated that the major effect of glucocorticoids on lactogenesis in the rabbit at this stage of mammary gland development is mediated through an increase in the quantity of casein mRNA available for translation.
TL;DR: Correlations of the times of onset of EDTA, sonication and DNase resistances with changes in the basic nuclear proteins point out that stabilization and condensation of spermatid chromatin is promoted through a progressive increase in disulfide bridges.
TL;DR: Study of CARNA 5 isolated from other strains of cucumber mosaic virus suggests that sequence variation of the molecule from one strain to another is very limited.
TL;DR: The 3 exopeptidases were strongly inhibited by the metal chelators EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline but were reactivated with Co2+ and Mn2+.
Abstract: Discovery of an endopeptidase by gel chromatography and separation of 3 exopeptidases (a dipeptidase, an aminopeptidase and a specific carboxypeptidase) from Lactobacillus casei NCDO 151 by affinity chromatography is described. The 3 exopeptidases were strongly inhibited by the metal chelators EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline but were reactivated with Co2+ and Mn2+. The pH optima for aminopeptidase, dipeptidase and carboxypeptidase activities were 6.5, 7.6 and 7.2, respectively. Maximum activity was obtained at 45 degrees C for the aminopeptidase, at 30 degrees C for the dipeptidase and at 40 degrees C for the carboxypeptidase. The substrate specificities of the 3 enzymes were also studied. The properties of these 3 enzymes are compared with those of other bacteria.
TL;DR: The first demonstrates the one-hormone, one-cell-type principle for several hormones, which may be due to the presence of common immunological determinants in the pituitary hormones throughout the different vertebrate groups.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Two major contributions have been made through immunocytological studies of fish pituitaries and immunochemical assays of the corresponding hormones. The first demonstrates the one-hormone, one-cell-type principle for several hormones. ACTH-, PRL-, and GH-like fish hormones are found in easily localized cells. Some difficulties have been encountered in establishing an immunocytological distinction between the two gonadotropic hormones with immunocytology. This failure to identify two distinct gonadotropic hormones in the pituitary of several species of fish is a further indication that, at least in this group, only one gonadotropic substance is present. The other problems concern the distinction between gonadotropic and thyrotropic hormones. In this case, the difficulties may be related to the presence of a common subunit in both hormones, but this explanation has to be verified by biochemical analysis of fish hormones. The second main contribution that has an even greater potential for future investigations, concerns the demonstration that the common characteristics of the different vertebrate pituitary hormones, more or less illustrated by similar biological activities in bioassay systems, also include immunological similarities. This may be due to the presence of common immunological determinants in the pituitary hormones throughout the different vertebrate groups. Evolution from a common molecule is the hypothesis that best explains the similarities and differences among the hormones from different species or groups.
TL;DR: Two distinct populations of endocrine cells in the chicken thymus display neurotensin and somatostatin immunoreactivity, respectively, which are few in number at hatching but proliferate rapidly during the first week.
Abstract: Two distinct populations of endocrine cells in the chicken thymus display neurotensin and somatostatin immunoreactivity, respectively. Both cell types are few in number at hatching but proliferate rapidly during the first week. The neurotensin cells are ‘Grimelius-positive’ and ‘Hellerstrom-Hellmannegative’. The somatostatin cells are ‘Grimelius-negative’ and ‘Hellerstrom-Hellman-positive’. Both cell populations are non-argentaffin. The somatostatin-like material extracted from chicken thymus behaves immunochemically and chromatographically similar to synthetovine somatostatin, while the neurotensin-like material, from the thymus as well as from the gut, differs from synthetic bovine neurotensin in that it appears larger in size and more basic.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new system of energy feed evaluation for ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) in France, which is based on net energy for maintenance plus meat production.
TL;DR: Within two plant species, Chenopodium album L. generally susceptible to atrazine, and Poa annua always reported as susceptible, atrazin tolerant populations were observed, indicating resistance is due to lowerAtrazine susceptibility of chloroplastic electron transfert.
TL;DR: A non-pathogenic cell culture adapted variant was obtained from a normally pathogenic strain of IPN virus (Sp type) after several passages in RTG-2 cells and showed no obvious antigenic difference between the two strains.
Abstract: . A non-pathogenic cell culture adapted variant was obtained from a normally pathogenic strain of IPN virus (Sp type) after several passages in RTG-2 cells. This cell culture modified (CCA) strain was compared with the original wild (W) strain in various tests. Cross neutralization tests showed no obvious antigenic difference between the two. However the CCA strain was neutralized by a 1:5000 dilution of normal trout serum whereas the W strain was not. In RTG-2 cells, CCA strain gave both large and small plaques, whereas the W strain gave only small ones. Both virus strains were heat sensitive and labile to cyclic freezing and thawing. The CCA virus was more stable in storage at 4°C under different pH conditions and its growth in RTG-2 cells was more rapid. The rt (supraoptimal temperature at which viral yield is depressed by 90%) appeared to be 19-20°C for the CCA strain and 18-19°C for the W strain. Pre-treatment of RTG-2 cells with ultraviolet inactivated CCA virus could inhibit growth of W virus, but had no effect on replication of homologous virus.
TL;DR: Fusions of protoplasts from Nicotiana langsdorffii and N. glauca were induced using polyethylene glycol in this article, and the resulting hybrid plants were selected for their ability to grow without growth substances.
Abstract: Fusions of protoplasts from Nicotiana langsdorffii and Nicotiana glauca were induced using polyethylene glycol. Parasexual hybrid colonies were selected for their ability to grow without growth substances. Hybrid plants, regenerated after grafting, were all tumorous and exhibited morphological and chromosome number variations. Out of 48 colonies selected in vitro only 6 regenerated flowering plants. Two of these plants had 42 chromosomes and were morphologically identical to the sexual amphidiploid Nicotiana glaucaxlangsdorffii.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that peloidal oolitic sand-size grains composed basically of Fe oxides are transformed into the Fe(III)-smectite nontronite in sediments of Lake Chad.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of prolactin on the secretion of milk proteins were investigated by incubating mammary tissue fragments from lactating rabbits, showing that the relative volume occupied by the Golgi region is greatly increased.
Abstract: Effects of prolactin on the secretion of milk proteins have been investigated by incubating mammary tissue fragments from lactating rabbits. Within 15min of adding the hormone to the incubation medium, cell morphology is modified: the relative volume occupied by the Golgi region is greatly increased. When prolactin is added immediately after a pulse labelling of proteins (3 min with 3H-L-leucine), the amount of labelled caseins secreted during one hour is significantly increased. This increase proceeds neither from an acceleration of intracellular transit of caseins (as shown by electron microscopic autoradiography) nor by an enhancement of amino acid uptake (as measured by incorporation of non-metabolizable amino acids) nor by an increase of overall protein synthesis, during the first hour. The action of prolactin on the morphology of such subcellular organelles as the Golgi apparatus and its influence on casein secretion are discussed.
TL;DR: In seven anencephalic fetuses, the presence of immunoreactive cells suggests that ACTH and β-LPH can originate from a common precursor and are synthesized independent of the hypothalamus.
Abstract: The use of antibodies to alpha-(17--39) ACTH, beta-LPH, and alpha- and beta-endorphins has enabled the detection of immunoreactive cells as early as the eight week of fetal life. Immunoreactive cells are located in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland in normal human fetuses. The same cells reacted with different antisera used in the present study. No immunoreactive cells were observed in the posterior lobe. The specificity of the immunocytological reaction has been controlled. In seven anencephalic fetuses, the presence of immunoreactive cells suggests that ACTH and beta-LPH can originate from a common precursor and are synthesized independent of the hypothalamus.
TL;DR: An enzyme with a collagenolytic activity has been isolated by chromatography on SE Sephadex from the first instar larvae of Hypoderma lineatum and is slightly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate but specific trypsin or chymotrypsin inhibitors have no effects.
Abstract: 1. 1. An enzyme with a collagenolytic activity has been isolated by chromatography on SE Sephadex from the first instar larvae of Hypoderma lineatum. 2. 2. The purified collagenase of molecular weight around 16,000 and of isoelectric point pH 3.5, cleaves the collagen molecule in two fragments of 3 4 1 4 at neutral pH. 3. 3. This enzyme is slightly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate but specific trypsin or chymotrypsin inhibitors have no effects, neither do EDTA, cyanide, or p-chloromercuribenzoate.
TL;DR: Comparison of the signals of ovine α-lactalbumin and hen's egg white lysozyme, two homologous proteins which are thought to be derived from a common ancestor, suggests that the signal region has evolved at least as rapidly as the remaining part of the polypeptide chain.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of an artificial acute sulphur dioxide pollution were studied in situ on first and second-year needles of three species of pine, including P. sylvestris, Pinea pinea and P. nigra nigricans.
TL;DR: Results indicated that it was possible to vaccinate successfully 30–35-day piglets still passively protected by maternal immunity, and vaccination of piglets in the presence of maternal immunity results in a variable immune status depending on the concentration of passive antibody at the time of vaccination.
TL;DR: A genetic control of humoral immune response in pigs against hen egg-white lysozyme was shown to be linked to the major histocompatibility complexSLA, suggesting a complementation phenomenon between several genes, at least one of which is links to the porcine MHC,SL- A.
Abstract: A genetic control of humoral immune response in pigs against hen egg-white lysozyme was shown to be linked to the major histocompatibility complexSLA. This control was detected when high antigen doses were used for immunization. It was more prominent with small immunizing doses of lysozyme. Under these latter conditions,SL- A heterozygous individuals exhibited a higher response than correspondingSL- A homozygous animals, suggesting a complementation phenomenon between several genes, at least one of which is linked to the porcine MHC,SL- A.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that LW pigs have a higher tonic secretion of ACTH than Pietrain pigs, but with identical phasic response to stimulations, and halothane susceptibility by itself appears to have no influence of pituitary-adrenal function.
Abstract: Pituitary-adrenal function was investigated in two groups of Pietrain pigs differing by their susceptibility to the malignant hyperthermia syndrome induced by halothane, and in Large White pigs (LW). Plasma basal levels of glucocorticoids, measured by a protein binding technique, and plasma ACTH concentrations, determined by radioimmunoassay, did not differ according to halothane susceptibility but were higher in LW pigs compared with Pietrain pigs. The reactivity of the pituitary-adrenal axis to such stressors as exposition to a novel environment or shaking was the same for all experimental groups. The same was true concerning plasma levels of glucocorticoids and ACTH after injection of dexamethasone and response of the adrenal cortex to a standard dose of ACTH. These results demonstrate that LW pigs have a higher tonic secretion of ACTH than Pietrain pigs, but with identical phasic response to stimulations. Halothane susceptibility by itself appears to have no influence of pituitary-adrenal function.