Showing papers by "Ministry of Agriculture published in 2007"

Influência do nitrogênio e do fósforo na produção do capim-braquiária

Abstract: Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a producao de MS, a relacao folha:colmo, o teor de PB e a eficiencia de resposta ao nitrogenio da folha e do colmo do capim-braquiaria adubado com diferentes doses de nitrogenio e de fosforo durante o verao. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com tres repeticoes, em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, composto de quatro doses de nitrogenio (N) (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha/ano), utilizando-se o sulfato de amonio, e tres doses de P2O5 (0, 50 e 100 kg/ha/ano), utilizando-se o superfosfato simples. A quantidade de K aplicada foi de 40 kg/ha/ano. Os cortes (a 20 cm do solo) foram realizados em intervalos de 28 dias, totalizando tres cortes durante o experimento. Apos cada corte, foi realizada adubacao, conforme os tratamentos. A adubacao nitrogenada afetou a producao de MS, que apresentou valores maximos de 5.345,6 e 4.857,7 kg/ha para folha e colmo, respectivamente. A relacao folha:colmo foi maior (1,31) na dose de N de 200 kg/ha, independentemente da dose de fosforo. A adubacao nitrogenada teve efeito quadratico sobre o teor de PB das folhas e efeito linear sobre o teor de PB no colmo. A adubacao com fosforo, no entanto, nao teve efeito sobre essas variaveis. A eficiencia de utilizacao do N teve efeito quadratico quando utilizadas doses crescentes de N. O ponto de maxima foi obtido com 245,3 kg de N, dose que proporcionou 18,84 kg de MS/kg de N.

Comparative Typology in Six European Low‐Intensity Systems of Grassland Management

Abstract: European biodiversity significantly depends on large‐scale livestock systems with low input levels. In most countries forms of grazing are organized in permanent or seasonal cooperations (land‐owner/land‐user agents) and covers different landscape such as alpine areas, forest, grasslands, mires, and even arable land. Today, the existence of these structures is threatened due to changes in agricultural land use practices and erratic governmental policies. The present chapter investigates six low‐input livestock systems of grassland management with varying degrees of arrangements in different European countries and landscapes. These large‐scale grazing systems (LSGS) are reindeer husbandry in Northern Sapmi (Fennoscandia), sheep grazing in the Polish Tatra mountains, cattle grazing in the Swiss and German Alps, cattle, sheep, and pig grazing in Baixo Alentejo, Southern Portugal, and sedentary sheep grazing in Central Spain. These systems showed very heterogeneous organizational patterns in their way of exploiting the pastoral resources. At the same time, these LSGS showed at least some of the following weaknesses such as poor economic performance, social fragility, and structural shortcomings for proper grazing management. Lack of proper mobility of herds/flocks or accession to specific grazing grounds can be a cause of environmental hazards. The surveyed LSGS are mostly dependent on public handouts for survival, but successive policy schemes have only showed mixed effects and, in particular study areas, clear inconsistencies in their aim to stop the general declining trend of LSGS. This research assumed that detailed system research may open the way for better‐focused policy intervention, but policymakers need to take advantage of this period of support to push ahead for reforms. Recent European Union (EU) guidelines (2007–2013) on Rural Development Policy (RDP) and its operative scale of high nature value (HNV) farmland can easily fit the structure and functions of low‐input grazing systems and LSGS.

Differentiation of rum and Brazilian artisan cachaça via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry fingerprinting.

Abstract: Rum and cachaca are sugarcane distillates produced on large scales and of similar composition, and their differentiation is currently a subject of commercial dispute and a challenging analytical task. We have investigated the ability of direct-infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode, i.e. ESI(-)-MS, to distinguish between samples of these distillates. ESI(-)-MS fingerprints were collected for some samples of Brazilian artisan cachaca, aged in two types of wooden casks, i. e. amburana (Amburana cearensis) and jequitiba (Cariniana estrellensis), and of commercial rum. The mass spectra were found to be very distinctive, showing sets of diagnostic ions for each type of sample, i. e. (1) cachaca aged in amburana (m/z 271, 313, 377) and jequitiba (m/z 171, 255, 455) casks; and (2) commercial rum (m/z 89, 97, 179, 255, 283). When applied to the ESI(-)-MS data, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis split rum and cachaca samples into well-defined groups. Moreover, the two types of cachaca samples aged in wooden casks of amburana or jequitiba were also split into two distinct groups. Direct-infusion ESI(-)-MS can therefore be potentially applied to the rapid, simple, and accurate differentiation of these commercially important sugarcane distillates.

Seleção de extratos vegetais para indução de resistência e ativação de respostas de defesa em cacaueiro contra a vassoura-de-bruxa

Abstract: Objetivou-se encontrar novos indutores de resistencia contra a vassoura-de-bruxa (Crinipellis perniciosa) do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao), com eficacia igual ou superior a aquela conferida pelo indutor de resistencia padrao, acibenzolar-S-metil, e estudar possiveis respostas de defesa ativadas no cacaueiro por esses eliciadores mais eficazes. Foram testados extratos de varias plantas, principalmente, nativas do cerrado mineiro, bem como extratos provenientes de outras especies cultivadas. Verificou-se que extratos aquosos produzidos a partir de ramos de lobeira (Solanum lycocarpum) com sintomas de vassoura-de-bruxa induziram protecao de mudas de cacaueiros contra a mesma doenca em nivel estatisticamente similar a protecao conferida pelo ASM. O extrato aquoso e fervido de lobeira, aqui denominado VLA, nao foi toxico in vitro, pelo contrario, induziu maior crescimento do fungo C. perniciosa em BDA, quando comparado a testemunha (crescimento em BDA puro). Quando se quantificou a atividade de proteinas relacionadas a patogenese (quitinase e b-1,3-glucanase) estimuladas por VLA e ASM (como padrao), observou-se que ambos os tratamentos induziram maiores atividades de peroxidase, quitinase e b-1,3-glucanase em mudas de cacaueiros, comparados as respectivas testemunhas, no periodo de 4 a 18 dias apos a pulverizacao (DAP). Tambem o teor de lignina aumentou em plantas tratadas com VLA ou ASM, principalmente aos 18 DAP.

Bovine cysticercosis prevalence in Parana state, southern of Brazil, in animals slaughtered under the SIF 1710/ Prevalência da cisticercose bovina no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil: avaliação de 26.465 bovinos inspecionados no SIF 1710

Abstract: A cisticercose e a patologia mais encontrada na Inspecao post mortem em bovinos abatidos em estabelecimentos com Servico de Inspecao Federal (SIF). No Brasil a media da prevalencia desta parasitose e de 5%, porem, estes indices podem variar segundo a regiao anatomica avaliada, regiao geografica ou periodo de realizacao de trabalho. Para conhecer a prevalencia desta patologia em bovinos, no Estado do Parana, foi realizada uma pesquisa durante seis meses, entre julho a dezembro de 2000, em animais procedentes de 137 municipios, que foram abatidos no Frigorifico Argus, Regiao Metropolitana de Curitiba. A prevalencia de animais positivos encontrados com Cysticercus bovis variou de 0 a 27,27% com media de 3,83% entre os 26.465 bovinos inspecionados. Os municipios com maior numero de animais abatidos tiveram prevalencia aparente no lote entre 2,8 a 5%. De acordo com o sexo dos animais nao foi verificada predilecao ou especificidade parasitaria sendo que nos machos foi encontrado o indice de 3,81% e nas femeas 3,93 %. Todos os cisticercos encontrados vivos passaram pelo processo de desinvaginacao, coloracao por carmim acetico e identificacao microscopica constatando que 100% eram C. bovis . As implicacoes epidemiologicas destes achados sao discutidas no presente trabalho.

Intensidade da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow) da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nas cultivares Conquista, Savana e Suprema sob diferentes temperaturas e períodos de molhamento foliar

Abstract: The asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow) which has been reported in areas of tropical and subtropical climates around the world, causes significant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield reduction. The disease progress is influenced by biotic factors as interaction pathogen-host and abiotic factors of the environment. The objective of this work was to study the effects of temperature and leaf wetness period in the asian rust progress in the cultivars Conquista, Savana and Suprema. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology at Federal University of Lavras, in growth chamber at temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C and leaf wetness periods of 0,6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The plants were inoculated by spraying a suspension of inoculum of P. pachyrhizi at concentration of 104 urediniospores.mL-1. Severity and incidence data were integrated by the area under disease progress curve for severity (AUDPCS) and incidence (AUDPCI). Non-linear regression models were adjusted for the disease severity (AUDPCS) and incidence (AUDPCI). Volume under the response surface of temperature and leaf wetness was calculated for incidence (VURSI) and severity (VURSS) to detect differences between cultivars. Higher soybean rust intensity occurred with leaf wetness above 15 hours and temperatures close to 20 oC, for the three tested cultivars. Temperatures above 30 oC and below 15 oC reduced the disease progress. Disease intensity was reduced in leaf wetness below 6 hours. All cultivars were susceptible, but higher VURSI and VURSS occurred in Conquista cultivar, followed by Savana and Suprema cultivars. Disease intensity was not statistically different between Savana and Suprema cultivars. Temperature and leaf wetness were different among cultivars for AUDPCI.

Total mercury in sharks along the southern Brazilian Coast

Abstract: Pesquisou-se a concentracao de mercurio total na porcao muscular de 39 exemplares de tubaroes de tres diferentes especies Prionace glauca, Isurus oxyrhynchus, Sphyrna zygaena, capturados na costa sul do Brasil, Santa Catarina. O teor de mercurio foi determinado por espectrofotometria de absorcao atomica por vapor frio. Observou-se ampla variacao na concentracao de mercurio total com valor individual maximo excedendo o limite estabelecido pela legislacao brasileira, de 1.0µg.g-1 em um exemplar femea de P. glauca. Nessa especie, a concentracao de Hg-total aumentou proporcionalmente ao comprimento total (r=0,62; P<0,0001). Nao foi evidenciada diferenca estatisticamente significativa entre exemplares femeas e machos.

Avaliação do uso de fertilizantes organominerais e químicos na fertirrigação do cafeeiro irrigado por gotejamento

Abstract: In order to evaluate coffee fertigation using different sources of mineral and organic fertilizers, comparing with conventional application, an experiment was installed in the Experimental Field -Fazenda Escola-, Uberaba in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a sandy soil, 850 m of altitude, with coffee -Catuai Vermelho IAC 144-. The following treatments were applied: chemical conventional top dressing; top dressing with conventional fertilizers, through fertigation; top dressing manuring with appropriate fertilizers for fertigation; solid organomineral fertilizers, through soil and liquid organomineral fertilizers, through fertigation. For comparison purposes, the same amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O were maintained for the different treatments. Irrigation control was accomplished by using a automatic weather station. After four harvests, it may be concluded that the sources of fertilizers used, in fertigation and in conventional application in the soil, did not show significant effects in coffee yield. Regarding the final quality of the coffee, appraised by the sensorial test in different treatments. No significant differences were verified among the treatments.

Qualidade sanitária e produção de fumonisina B1 em grãos de milho na fase de pré-colheita

Abstract: Thirty six corn cultivars were evaluated in relation to incidence of burned (Fusarium subglutinans) and moldy grains (Penicillium oxalicum), and fumonisin B1 production. The burned grains were submitted to the grain health (deep freezing), seeking to identify the fungi associated to the grains. The cultivar 'Hata 3052' presented 7.6% of burned grains, above the tolerance limit that is of 6.0%. The cultivars 'AG 5011', 'HT 7105-3', 'Dina 1000' and 'C701' presented 16.8, 3.4, 3.2 and 3.1% of moldy grains, respectively; above the tolerance limit that is of 3.0%. Fusarium subglutinans (Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans) was the promoter of burned grains, whose detection varied from 50 to 99%. The variance analysis showed significant differences among the cultivars regarding the incidences of burned grains and moldy grains. Regarding the fumonisina B1 production, the cultivars 'Hata 3052', 'NB 6077' and '983 P' produced 7; 6.1 and 5.9 µg.g-1 of grains, respectively, with significative difference from the cultivar 'P3071' (2.2 µg.g-1 of grains). There were significative differences among the corn cultivars with respectm to the burned and moldy grains production; as well as interaction among cultivars and the toxigenic fungous Fusarium subglutinans (Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans) regarding fumonisin B1 production in corn grains.

Soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em trabalhadores de um matadouro de suínos e em indivíduos com outras atividades na cidade de Palmas, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract: The risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection in workers of a swine slaughterhouse in Palmas, Parana, Brazil was compared to other individuals not exposed to these animals and its carcasses. The 174 serum samples were divided in two groups: group 1 - slaughterhouse workers (133), and group 2 - control (41). During blood sampling, workers answered an epidemiological questionnaire with the following variables: sex, age, contact with cats and soil, habit of eating raw or poorly cooked meat, sausages and raw milk. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies anti-T. gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and to the investigation of IgM antibodies anti-T. gondii by IFAT. All the 174 individuals examined were not IgM reacting. In the first group, 48.1% were IgG seroreacting by IFAT and 58.6% by ELISA. In the second group, 39.0% were IgG seroreacting in the IFAT and 51.2%. by ELISA. No statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 and 2 among the majority of the variables, except for the "contact with cats" in group 1 and "raw milk ingestion" in group 2. The results suggest that ingestion of cysts as a consequence of carcass manipulation probably was not the only mechanism involved in the high frequency of reactive serum in the studied population, although it should have contributed in the transmission of the parasite as risk factor, as well as contact with contamined soil or with cats (oocysts).

MPS Model-Based Software Acquisition Process Improvement in Brazil

Abstract: This paper describes an initiative to improve software acquisition process in Brazil. This initiative was conducted in the context of the MPS.BR Program, a nationwide effort to develop and disseminate the MPS Model both in large organizations and small and medium-size enterprises (SME). The MPS Model was developed aiming to represent Brazilian software industry needs and is constituted of three main components: the MPS Reference Model; the MPS Assessment Method; and the MPS Business Model. One of the MPS Model processes is the Acquisition process for software and related services. This paper presents the main achievements of the MPS.BR Program but it is focused on the Acquisition Process described in the MPS Acquisition Guide (a stand-alone guide that constitutes one of the base elements of the MPS Model). This work also presents the customization of the MPS Acquisition process for specific purposes in the context of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), including process instantiation of the customized acquisition process, aiming to improve quality of basic projects in the Information Technology Area and to assure contracting of services and products which satisfy the MAPA needs.

Seca dos ponteiros da goiabeira causada por Erwinia psidii: níveis de incidência e aspectos epidemiológicos

Abstract: A major disease that affects guava is 'bacterial blight', caused by Erwinia psidii, which has been reported in Southeastern and Central Regions of Brazil where the major producing areas are located. Considering the lack of information on epidemiology and incidence levels of this disease, the objectives of this study were to confirm the presence and to verify the spread of the disease in Distrito Federal (DF); to determine optimal temperature for in vitro multiplication of E. psidii; to develop a simple and effective method for pathogenicity testing and to evaluate in vitro bacterial survival on different substrates. The disease was detected in 56% of producing orchards evaluated in DF, with a correlation of 81, 9% between presence of symptoms and positive laboratorial diagnosis. The best temperature range for E. psidii growth was from 24 to 33 oC, and the best method for short term preservation (up to 120 days) was in water suspension. Inoculation of the pathogen on detached leaves or stems allowed symptom development in seven days and it was shown to be a quick and suitable method for testing isolate pathogenicity.

Validação intralaboratorial de método quantitativo para determinação múltipla de resíduos de avermectinas em leite bovino por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção de fluorescência

Abstract: Um procedimento detalhado para validacao intralaboratorial de metodos, incluindo delineamento experimental, estatisticas e avaliacao de premissas foi proposto e aplicado a validacao de um metodo para ensaio de avermectinas em leite bovino por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia com detector de fluorescencia. Foram realizados ensaios com curvas de solventes e de matriz, amostras de leite bovino brancas e adicionadas. As premissas relacionadas as estatisticas empregadas foram avaliadas e confirmadas. Linearidade foi obtida entre 25 e 150 ng.mL-1. Nao foram observados efeitos de matriz significativos nesta faixa. As medias de recuperacao aparente variaram de 87,2 a 101,4%. Desvios padrao relativos sob condicoes de repetitividade estiveram entre 3,3 e 11,2%, enquanto os desvios padrao relativos de reprodutibilidade parcial foram de 7,4 a 14,7%. Estes resultados indicaram exatidao e precisao do metodo entre 10 e 30 µg.L-1 para os quatro analitos estudados. Os limites de deteccao e quantificacao experimentais foram 5 e 10 µg.L-1, respectivamente. Limites de decisao (12,6 a 13,7 µg.L-1) e capacidades de deteccao (15,1 a 17,4 µg.L-1) foram estimados, assumindo um limite maximo de residuo de 10 µg.L-1.

Fortificação de alimentos com o pó da casca de ovo como fonte de cálcio

Abstract: Egg shell powder is used as a calcium source in a nutritional supplement known as "multimistura" that has been distributed in Brazil by non-governmental organizations The objectives of this research were to fortify traditional, low cost and easy to prepare dishes with egg shell powder and to estimate the nutritional contribution of each portion to the calcium daily intake Ten common dishes were prepared and fortified with egg shell powder (with 374% of calcium) at the rate of 1g to 100 g of cereal or flour used in the processing foods The fortified foods showed a range of calcium concentrations between 1115 mg and 5064 mg100 g -1, which were significantly higher than the contents of the original formulations without fortification Mean portions of fortified dishes provide about 14 to 32% of the nutritional calcium references for adults It was concluded that traditional dishes fortified with egg shell powder could contribute significantly to the adequate calcium intake and to prevent calcium deficiency, mainly osteoporosis, in individuals of different age groups and social levels

Manual breast pump

Abstract: The invention relates to a breast pump for pumping mother's milk, said pump comprising a cylindrical hollow piston (1) provided with at least one outer peripheral recess (6) on the lower end in relation to the cylindrical envelope surface of the hollow piston, a vacuum extractor (2) which is connected to the upper end of the hollow piston by means of a fluid passage (3), a flexible compensation element (8) arranged between the hollow piston and the abutment surface of the vacuum extractor, at least one peripheral sealing element (14) consisting of a flexible material and inserted into the recess, and a cylinder (18) having a closed lower end in which the hollow piston can move axially. The envelope surface of the hollow piston is guided on an inner wall of the cylinder, the sealing element is arranged between the inner wall of the cylinder and the hollow piston in a sealing manner, and at least the vacuum extractor is arranged outside the cylinder.

Classical Swine Fever in Brazil: study for the survey of classical swine fever outbreaks in Brazil from 1978 to 2004

Abstract: Os programas oficiais para o controle e erradicacao de pestes suinas forneceram uma oportunidade de levantar o perfil de ocorrencia da Peste Suina Classica (PSC). Independente das estrategias aplicadas durante 26 anos foi demonstrado que o numero de surtos de PSC de 1978 ate 2004 caiu drasticamente em todo pais, especialmente nos quatorze Estados inclusos na “Zona Livre de PSC”. O estudo comparou o numero de surtos de PSC durante a vigencia do Programa de Combate as Pestes Suinas (PCPS) de 1984 a 1991 e o Programa de Controle e Erradicacao da PSC (PCEPSC) de 1992 a 2004. Considerando a evolucao tecnologica nos sistemas de producao de suinos, a diferenca nos resultados obtidos apos a implementacao de cada programa foi avaliada pelo teste estatistico Mann Whitney por meio da ordenacao do numero de surtos ocorridos. Essa analise demonstrou uma diferenca significativa (p

Outbreak of malignant oedema in sheep caused by Clostridium sordellii, predisposed by routine vaccination.

Abstract: J. L. N. Costa, DVM, MSc, PhD, M. M. D. Oliveira, DVM, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil F. C. F. Lobato, DVM, MSc, PhD, M. F. Souza Júnior, DVM, N. E. Martins, DVM, MSc, E. J. Facury Filho, DVM, MSc, PhD, V. L. V. Abreu, DVM, MSc, PhD, R. A. Assis, DVM, MSc, PhD, Laboratório de Anaeróbios da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil A.V.A. Carvalho, DVM, MSc, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, LARA-MG, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil F. A. Uzal, DVM, MSc, PhD, DipACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino, 105 West Central Avenue, CA 92408,

Infestation of Tunga penetrans siphonaptera: Tungidae in hooves of F1 Holstein-Zebu cows

Abstract: Tunga penetrans rate of infestation in hooves of confined F1 Holstein-Zebu cows during the dry season was recorded First parturition cows showed an infestation rate of 905% in the thorax and 969 in the pelvic members, second parturition cows showed an infestation rate of 953% in the thorax and 100% in the pelvic members while third parturition cows showed rate of infestation of 100% for both members

Efeito da idade de desmame no desenvolvimento e nas características de carcaça de novilhos de corte

Abstract: Avaliou-se o efeito da idade de desmame no desempenho e nas caracteristicas de carcaca de bezerros filhos de vacas cruzas zebuinas x taurinas, primiparas aos 3 anos de idade. As vacas foram mantidas durante dois invernos/primaveras, do desmame a primeira estacao de monta, em pastejo rotativo em dois grupos (ponta e rapador), em pastagens de azevem anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam) e trevo vesiculoso (Trifolium vesiculosum cv. Yuchi) e, posteriormente, durante o verao e o outono, em campo nativo. Os bezerros foram distribuidos aleatoriamente, segundo o grupo racial e o grupo de pastejo das vacas, em duas idades de desmame: desmame precoce (DP) = sete bezerros desmamados aos 70 dias de idade com 83,2 kg de PV medio; e idade convencional (DC) = dez bezerros desmamados com 180 dias de idade e 152,0 kg de PV medio. O delineamento experimental foi o completamente casualizado. Os novilhos foram abatidos aos 2 anos de idade. O grupo de manejo das vacas (ponta ou rapador) nao teve efeito sobre o desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca dos novilhos. Os animais do desmame convencional foram mais pesados ate 1 ano de idade (DP = 183,0 kg vs DC = 202,1 kg), mas nao diferiram dos demais quando abatidos aos 2 anos de idade (DP = 411,2 kg vs DC = 408,5 kg). As carcacas nao diferiram quanto ao acabamento, a conformacao, a classificacao "Cota Hilton" e ao rendimento. Portanto, o desmame precoce nao influenciou o desenvolvimento e as caracteristicas de carcaca ao abate aos 2 anos de idade.

Reação de híbridos, linhagens e progênies de pimentão à requeima causada por Phytophthora capsici e ao mosaico amarelo causado por Pepper yellow mosaic vírus (PepYMV)

Abstract: A requeima do pimentao (Capsicum annuum L.) causada por Phytophthora capsici e o mosaico amarelo causado por PepYMV sao prioridades nos programas de melhoramento de pimentao em andamento no Brasil. Foram avaliados tres hibridos comerciais (Magali R, Atenas F1 e Fortuna Super F1), cinco linhagens, 20 hibridos experimentais e duas progenies F2:4 do programa de melhoramento da Universidade Federal de Lavras/HortiAgro Sementes quanto a reacao a P. capsici e a PepYMV. Os experimentos foram montados independentemente em blocos casualizados, com quatro e duas repeticoes, respectivamente. Cada parcela foi constituida de oito plantas instaladas em bandejas de 128 celulas, que foram mantidas em estufa com cobertura plastica e laterais teladas. As avaliacoes foram feitas do 4o ao 14o e do 15o ao 40o dias apos a inoculacao (DAI) para P. capsici e PepYMV, respectivamente. A inoculacao com P. capsici foi feita pormeio da distribuicao de 5 mL de suspensao com 10(4) zoosporos/mL no solo ao redor do colo de cada planta. A inoculacao mecânica de PepYMV foi feita a partir de macerados de folhas de Nicotiana tabacum cv. TNN, previamente infectadas. Os hibridos Magali R e Fortuna Super, foram suscetiveis a P. capsici, enquanto que o acesso Criollo de Morellos 334, a linhagem PIM-013 e as progenies PIX-03 pl#03-2 e PIX-030 pl#06-3 (ambas originadas do cruzamento com Criollo de Morellos), foram resistentes. Reacao de resistencia a P. capsici foi tambem observada para os hibridos experimentais que tiveram PIM-013 como uma das linhagens parentais. Criollo de Morellos 334, as progenies PIX-03 pl#03-2 e PIX-030 pl#06-3, o hibrido comercial Magali R e outros 6 hibridos experimentais que tinham como um dos genitores a linhagem MYR-29 forma ressitentes ao PepYMV. As progenies PIX-03 pl#03-2 e PIX-030 pl#06-3 sao fontes promissoras de resistencia a ambos os patogenos para serem desenvolvidas e exploradas em programas de melhoramento. PIM-013 e MYR-29 sao fontes de resistencia promissoras a P. capsici PepYMV, respectivamente, para serem utilizadas no desenvolvimento de hibridos com resistencia a esses patogenos.

Detecção de anticorpos para Toxoplasma gondii em soros de suínos criados sob condições rústicas na microrregião de Registro - SP, pelo método de aglutinação direta (MAD)

Abstract: The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was studied in 550 sera samples of swines bred under rustic conditions, in 161 property small region of Registro-SP, using the modified agglutination test (MAT). 111/550 (20.18%) samples were positive with titers 64 (15.32%), 256 (27.93%), 1024 (39.64:%), 4096 (10.81 %), 16384 (4.50%), 65536 (1.80%). The results obtained indicate a high prevalence of this disease in the conditions and origin region of the animals and show the importance of swine specie as source of infection to human toxoplasmosis by consume of raw or undercooked meat that could had cysts of the agent.

Fibrinonecrotic enteritis of piglets in a commercial farm: a postmortem study of the prevalence and the role of lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens

Abstract: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of fibrinonecrotic enteritis (FNE) on a farrow-to-finish farm of 1,000 sows, to categorize the pathological changes, and to to investigate the lesion associated agents Isospora suis and Clostridium perfringens Causes of preweaning mortality (PWM) were classified into 8 categories including FNE Obtained data were evaluated for statistical significance by adjusted Chi-square analysis Samples of FNE were taken for complementary studies including a PCR technique for genotyping toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens from gut samples fixed in 10% neutral formalin From 3,153 piglets examined, less than 1% was classified as FNE FNE prevalence increased progressively from the first to the third week, the last differing statistically from the others Eighty percent of gut samples with FNE lesions were positive to Isospora suis, when examined by PCR from 9 severe FNE lesions detected 7 positive samples only for a toxin gene, characteristic of C perfringens type-A

Diferentes tipos de milheto utilizados na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação

Abstract: A performance trial was carried out to evaluate the nutritional and economic feasibility of growing-finishing pig diets with 60% of different pearl millets. Forty crossbreed pigs were used during growing (initial weight 30.3±2.9kg) and finishing (54.3±4.1kg) phases. Pigs were allotted in a randomized blocks design with 5 treatments, 4 blocs and 2 pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted in a corn-soybean meal and other 4 diets containing 60% of inclusion of different types of pearl millet (IAPAR, COMUM, BN2 and BN2S. The last is pearl millet BN2 in spikelets). There was not difference for types of pearl millet on daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed: gain ratio and carcass traits. The results suggested that it is possible to use 60% of IAPAR, COMUM, BN2 and BN2S pearl millet in growing-finishing pig diets.

Detection of several clostridia by a direct fluorescent antibody test in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues

Abstract: Descreve-se a aplicabilidade de uma tecnica de imunofluorescencia direta, para o diagnostico de mionecroses causadas por clostridios, a partir de tecidos fixados em formol e incluidos em parafina. Essa tecnica pode auxiliar no diagnostico do carbunculo sintomatico e da gangrena gasosa, contribuindo para determinar a real prevalencia dessas doencas no pais.