Showing papers by "Monash University published in 1977"
TL;DR: Drought tolerance limits are given for 36 new ‘resurrection plants’, sufficient to double the number of desiccation tolerant plants reported from southern Africa.
Abstract: Drought tolerance limits are given for 36 new 'resurrection plants', sufficient to double the number of desiccation tolerant plants reported from southern Africa. Tolerance limits for angiosperm examples are usually better than those for ferns. Air-dry foliage survives for 1/2 to 5 years or more, unless stored in humidities above 50% RH Abbreviation: RH = relative humidity . Dehydration is sufficiently slow (usually 2-3 days) to allow the possibility of a tolerance induction process, like that found in Borya nitida. Rehydration after rain is usually complete in 1/2 to 1 day. A significant proportion of rain is absorbed through the leaf surface, but there is no evidence of appreciable rehydration from dew.Resurrection plants are usually pioneers in xeroseres, but they often lack xeromorphic characteristics. Anthocyanin pigmentation during drying is a reliable indicator of viability in some species.
207 citations
TL;DR: The way musical information is processed may be an important determinant of hemispheric mediation, and differential laterality effects are apparent as a function of subjects' training or adopted strategies.
200 citations
TL;DR: Using two fluorochromes to identify concanavalin A (con A) receptors and cytoplasmic actin in the same cell shows that con A binding to neoplastic and embryonic cell surfaces results in dissolution of actin filaments and thatCon A receptors and actin co-cap and occur in closely related sites in untreated and cytochalasin B-treated cells.
Abstract: PREVIOUS studies have given mainly indirect1,2, and some direct3,4 evidence that the mobility of surface membrane receptors may be controlled by cytoplasmic microfilaments and microtubules. It has been proposed1,2 that the receptor–cytoskeletal complex may have important roles in cell–cell recognition, cell motility and cell division. This study, using two fluorochromes to identify concanavalin A (con A) receptors and cytoplasmic actin in the same cell, shows that con A binding to neoplastic and embryonic cell surfaces results in dissolution of actin filaments and that con A receptors and actin co-cap and occur in closely related sites in untreated and cytochalasin B-treated cells.
119 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the state of the art in the optimization of the layout of trusses and grillages and discuss the optimality condition for truss-like continua.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the optimization of structural geometry. Much of the literature on structural optimization is concerned with the optimal choice of cross-sectional dimensions in a structure whose layout has already been determined by other considerations. When the layout and the cross-sectional dimensions are at the choice of the designer, structural optimization becomes a more challenging problem. This chapter reviews the state of the art in the optimization of the layout of trusses and grillages. The chapter discusses grillages and trusses. It also discusses the optimality condition for trusses and describes the truss-like continua.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show the magnified effect of mineral discoveries on the rents of factors specific to minerals, and the squeeze exerted on the prices of other tradeables, and they also show that a social gain is still possible even if outputs of other goods do not change, while the price of non-tradeable goods can be expected to rise or decrease.
Abstract: R. G. Gregory's article on the effects of mineral discoveries on the Australian economy (Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, August 1976) has attracted much attention. While the partial-equilibrium nature of his model has enabled it to be absorbed readily, it has the usual theoretical limitations of such analyses. Allowing for general equilibrium repercussions, but still accepting his general assumptions, some of Gregory's conclusions regarding the impact of new mineral discoveries require modification or extension:
(a)
Although production of goods other than minerals can be expected to decline, the production of some goods in this category may rise;
(b)
A social gain is still possible even if outputs of other goods do not change;
(c)
While the price of non-tradeable goods can be expected to rise, production of non-tradeables may increase or decrease.
We also show the magnified effect of mineral discoveries on the rents of factors specific to minerals, and the squeeze exerted on the rents of factors specific to other tradeables.
101 citations
[...]
TL;DR: The first step in demographic analysis was to compute so-called birth rates and death rates, or numbers of births and deaths per year, expressed per thousand of existing population, but for much of the world even this simple information is still not available.
Abstract: The first step in demographic analysis was to compute so-called birth rates and death rates, or numbers of births and deaths per year, expressed per thousand of existing population. For much of the world even this simple information is still not available. It can only be obtained by a system of registration of births and deaths, which we take for granted, but which in fact is only possible with a reasonably literate population, and a widely diffused network of responsible public officials. Complete systems of birth and death registration are still found in only six countries in Asia (Japan and five small countries), three in Africa and three in Latin America. For other countries (for most of the world, in fact) we have to rely upon estimates, based on samples or on indirect sources of information, which sometimes may be quite wide of the mark.
89 citations
TL;DR: A test of the efficacy of testosterone–oestradiol formulations administered to adult male rats by means of a subdermal sustained release device finds that azoospermia might be achieved in every male if steroids were administered continuously and at relatively constant rates and if progestins were replaced by a more potent inhibitor of pituitary gonadotropin secretion.
Abstract: The results of a test of the efficacy of testosterone-estradiol formulations administered to adult male rats by using a subdermal sustained release device are reported. 90 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 15 treatment groups. Subdermal implants containing either testosterone of estradiol-17beta were used. 3 groups of 30 rats were given either no estradiol-17beta of estradiol-17beta-filled Silastic implants measuring .1 or .3cm. The 30 rats were further divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each receiving no testosterone of testosterone-filled Silastic implants measuring 12.54 or 6cm. After 3 months the rats were decapitated and trunk blood and serum prepared for radiommunoassay of estradiol testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH). Testosterone alone caused biphasic changes in number of spermatozoa and or spermatids per testis but their numbers did not reach zero in any of the 5 treatment groups. In rats receiving estradiol without testosterone there were no significant alterations in spermatogenesis. Testosterone and estradiol markedly inhibited spermatogenesis when given sumultaneously. It is suggested that 2.5 cm testosterone--.1 cm estradiol treatment inhibited spermatogenesis by suppressing release of immunoreactive LH. Preliminay results indicate that the rats are sexually active but infertile. Androgen-estrogen combinations should be tested in the human male.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of diglossia and its later extension and coupling with bilingualism (Fishman et al., 1998) is developed further into the concept polyglossia with multilingualism by discussion of various speech communities where these phenomena are in evidence.
Abstract: Ferguson's concept of diglossia and its later extension and coupling with bilingualism (Fishman et al.) is developed further into the concept of polyglossia with multilingualism by discussion of various speech communities where these phenomena are in evidence. A general model is suggested which could cope with cases of polyglossia by a continuum ranging from H(igh) varieties through M(edium) varieties to L(ow) varieties. Devices for status ranking of speech varieties are discussed and established. The general matrix is then applied to two of the special cases discussed previously, namely the English-educated Chinese communities of Singapore and Malaysia. (Speech varieties and domains, multilingual societies, speech varieties and educational policies; Singapore, Malaysia.)
83 citations
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as indicating that multiple internal initiation of translation occurs in flavivirus-infected cells.
64 citations
TL;DR: The presence of HRP within axons appears to be insufficient for its transport; traffic is initiated only from axon terminals and regions which have been damaged.
52 citations
TL;DR: The author argues that if human life is valuable, a scheme that saves human lives must be desirable, and sides with Harris against objections based on the idea of the sanctity of human life and the wrongness of killing an innocent human being.
Abstract: In an ingenious article John Harris has proposed a 'survival lottery' which would minimize the total number of deaths in a community by sacrificing randomly chosen individuals so that their organs could be transplanted to other people, each of whom needs to have an organ replaced. Since, assuming the perfection of transplant technology, the parts of one 'donor' (if that is the right word) could save the lives of four or five others, the proposal appears to be a rational one. If we had the option of joining such a scheme it seems, at first glance anyway, that we would be imprudent to refuse to join. More lives will be saved by the transplants than will be lost by the sacrifices required; hence our prospects of living to a ripe old age are better if we join.1 Rational as Harris's idea seems, it will no doubt evoke numerous objections based on the idea of the sanctity of human life and the wrongness of killing an innocent human being.2 It is not my present purpose to discuss such objections, although my inclinations are to side with Harris against them, on the ground that if human life is valuable, a scheme that saves human lives must be desirable. To say that one violates the sanctity of human life by killing one person to save four, while one does not violate it if one allows four to die because one refuses to kill one, invokes a very dubious notion of moral responsibility. Moral responsibility, as Harris and others have argued, must apply to what we deliberately allow to occur as well as to what we directly bring about.3 Similarly, the charge that it is arbitrary or unfair to be called upon to die just because one's number has been drawn in a lottery can be met by pointing out that it is arbitrary and unfair to die just because one has contracted a kidney disease; and if the only way to prevent four arbitrary and unfair deaths is to inflict one arbitrary and unfair death, that procedure is itself neither arbitrary nor unfair. In any case, the charge of unfairness, or of infringing individual rights,
TL;DR: Luminous bacteria isolated from the light organs of the Australian Pinecone fish Cleidopus gloriamaris have been studied and all isolates were found to be strains of Vibrio fischeri, a species not hitherto demonstrated conclusively as forming a symbiotic association.
Abstract: Luminous bacteria isolated from the light organs of the Australian Pinecone fish Cleidopus gloriamaris have been studied. The isolates were from fish from four different geographical estuarine systems on the east coast of Australia. All isolates were found to be strains of Vibrio fischeri, a species not hitherto demonstrated conclusively as forming a symbiotic association. Some ecological considerations are discussed.
TL;DR: It is concluded that psychological screening of patients attending a public hospital gynaecology clinic provides additional information of an important nature in regard to their clinical management.
Abstract: Summary: The utility of screening patients attending a gynaecology clinic for emotional and social disturbances has been investigated. Ninety-seven patients completed 2 inventories dealing with mental state and role problems. Patients who showed evidence of psychological disturbance reported significantly more role problems, and were less likely to be given orthodox gynaecological treatment. Only 40 patients' conditions were clearly diagnosed. It is concluded that psychological screening of patients attending a public hospital gynaecology clinic provides additional information of an important nature in regard to their clinical management. Further research is necessary to improve diagnosis and treatment amongst gynaecology patients.
TL;DR: Examples drawn from two-allele genetic models are discussed, in which reversibility of the return process means that the age of an allele, whose present frequency in the population is known, has the same probability distribution as its future extinction time.
TL;DR: A double blind clinical trial of oral ritodrine for prevention of premature labour was conducted in 38 primigravidae in whom the internal os of the cervix was one or more fingerbreadths dilated at 28 to 32 weeks gestation, suggesting that oral r itodrine may not be effective in preventing premature labour.
TL;DR: Potential countermeasures identified in a consultative workshop included discontinuing the use of eucalyptus oil as a therapeutic agent; confirmation that vaporiser–well residues are nontoxic; removal of barriers to product reregistration following safety–related modifications; improved child–resistant closures; discouraging vaporiser use for respiratory infections among young children; and development and dissemination of protocols for treatment of suspected ingestion.
TL;DR: The paradox of the unexpected examination as mentioned in this paper is a well-known topic in the field of philosophy and it has been studied extensively in the literature since the early 1970s, e.g.
Abstract: (1977). The paradox of the unexpected examination. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 41-58.
TL;DR: It is indicated that flavivirus messenger RNA is represented solely by the intact genome of m.wt.
Abstract: Electrophoretic analyses showed that no RNase-sensitive RNA smaller than the genome was specified by the flavivirus Kunjin in infected Vero cells during the period of maximum RNA and protein synthesis. In contrast, RNA extracted from Sinbis virus-infected cells under similar conditions included the expected 42S RNA (equivalent to the genome) and the smaller 26S (interjacent) RNA. Treatment of the genome of both togaviruses with 12m urea produced a reversible (possibly conformational) change; measurement of the molecular weights of the treated RNAs by co-electrophoresis with fully denatured ribosomal RNA markers in SDS-polyacrylamide gels yielded a value of 2.1×106 if 8m urea was incorporated in the gels and 4.2×106 if urea was omitted from the gels. These results indicate that flavivirus messenger RNA is represented solely by the intact genome of m.wt. 4.2×106.
TL;DR: In this article, a parameterization of the constant flux surface layer is developed in order to provide boundary conditions for numerical models of the atmospheric boundary layer and moist convective layer, and algebraic expressions are found for the turbulence covariances in the surface layer under all stability conditions.
Abstract: A parameterization of the constant flux surface layer is developed in order to provide boundary conditions for numerical models of the atmospheric boundary layer and moist convective layer. Algebraic expressions are found for the turbulence covariances in the surface layer under all stability conditions.
TL;DR: Significant diurnal, daily and weekly variation in fetal movement counts occurred which need to be considered in the interpretation of the frequency of fetal movements as an indication of fetal welfare.
TL;DR: This study provides some support for the Empathy Scale as a measure of interpersonal effectiveness, but has not established it as a valid measure of empathy in a clinical setting.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to validate the empathy scale (Hogan, 1969) for use in the context of medical education in Australia. Empathy Scale scores of students in their first clinical year at Monash University were correlated with patient ratings, self ratings, and peer ratings of empathy. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were assessed. Correlations were also obtained between Empathy Scale scores and course marks in psychiatry. Of the empathy ratings only those by peers correlated significantly with Empathy Scale scores (r = 0-45, P less than 0-05, n = 29). Empathy Scale scores were unrelated to academic performance. In a separate part of the study, not connected to the establishing of criterion-related validity, Empathy Scale scores of the medical student group were found to be significantly higher (t=4-44, df = 52, P less than 0-001) than the scores of psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of "personality disorder". This study provides some support for the Empathy Scale as a measure of interpersonal effectiveness, but has not established it as a valid measure of empathy in a clinical setting.
TL;DR: The basis for the molecular heterogeneity exhibited by adenosine deaminase in human tissue and the mechanisms whereby a deficiency of this activity results in the extreme perturbation of the immune system as observed in severe combined immunodeficiency are critically discussed.
TL;DR: Kunjin virus-specified proteins were readily resolved against a background of labeled host cell proteins in autoradiograms of slab gels after SDS-phosphate electrophoresis and unexpected complexity was observed among the glycoproteins.
TL;DR: In this paper, the interrelation between bubbles, solids movement, and gas backmixing in large fluidized beds was analyzed using experimental data obtained with a 1.22 m square bed.
Abstract: This paper illustrates the interrelation between bubbles, solids movement, and gas backmixing in large fluidized beds by presenting experimental data obtained with a 1.22 m square bed. The results demonstrate a close relationship between gas backmixing, solids movement, and bubble coalesence, with the behavior altering markedly as bubble coalescence patterns change.
TL;DR: Using indirect immunofluorescence, localisation of prolactin to the human amnion is reported, indicating a second source of amniotic fluid prolactIn, which differs in molecular size from foetal pituitary Prolactin, suggesting different origins.
Abstract: AMNIOTIC fluid in man and rhesus monkey contains very high concentrations of prolactin1–3, but its origins are unknown. It does not seem to come from the maternal circulation because isotopically labelled prolactin injected into the pregnant rhesus monkey does not appear in amniotic fluid2. One source of prolactin is suggested by the passage of foetal pituitary prolactin through the immature kidney into the urine and then into amniotic fluid4,5. But amniotic fluid and foetal prolactin differ in molecular size, suggesting different origins4. Incubated human amnion and chorion, but not placenta, release prolactin into the medium, indicating a second source of amniotic fluid prolactin2. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we report localisation of prolactin to the human amnion.
TL;DR: A localized inflammatory response was initiated by both single and repeated injections of carrageenin into femorotibial joints, and an inhibition in the in vitro rate of proteoglycan synthesis was detected 72 hours after the injection.
Abstract: A localized inflammatory response was initiated by both single and repeated injections of carrageenin into femorotibial joints. Histologic changes were observed 24 hours after a single intraarticular injection, and an inhibition in the in vitro rate of proteoglycan synthesis was detected 72 hours after the injection. This inhibition was relieved in vitro by the addition of beta-D-xyloside, an exogenous initiator of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Following repeated carrageenin injections, most cells appeared to be dead on histologic examination and no in vitro proteoglycan synthesis could be detected; nor could any stimulation be achieved by adding exyloside.
TL;DR: The vasa nutritia (of veins) are extraordinarily more numerous than is ordinarily represented, and supply quite small veins, whose wall one thinks would surely be without vessels.
Abstract: From the Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the Department of Anatomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Supported in part by a grant from the Ontario Heart Foundation. In 1875, K8ster remarked that &dquo;the vasa nutritia (of veins) are extraordinarily more numerous than is ordinarily represented, and supply quite small veins, whose wall one thinks would surely be without vessels.&dquo;’ Following these observations, the blood supply of the vein wall received little attention, although references to the vasa vasorum of veins can be found in the earlier literature.’-’ On the other hand, the vasa vasorum of arteries have received considerable attention, and there have been numer-
TL;DR: Using the concept of a dealing culture, the authors describes the skills and ideology of middle-level marijuana and hashish dealers in Melbourne, Australia, and refutes the "pusher" stereotype of the drug dealer.
Abstract: Using the concept of a dealing culture, this paper describes the skills and ideology of middle-level marijuana and hashish dealers in Melbourne, Australia. This analysis, together with a summary of early research on the marketing of psychedelics refutes the “pusher” stereotype of the drug dealer.
TL;DR: The influence of the European Economic Community's Common Agriculture Policy on world agricultural prices and exports of producing nations is analyzed in this article, where the authors stress the need for incorporating the subject of agricultural protection into the agenda of the current multilateral trade negotiations.
Abstract: The influence of the European Economic Community's Common Agriculture Policy on world agricultural prices and exports of producing nations is analyzed. CAP reduces demand for agricultural imports, imparting more inelasticity into the world demand for them. Increased inelasticity amplifies price fluctuations born by non-EEC producers. Results stress the need for incorporating the subject of agricultural protection into the agenda of the current multilateral trade negotiations. Since CAP can amplify fluctuations in world agricultural prices, the system has a direct detrimental effect on non-EEC producers. CAP's potential for trade restriction, under levies and other protectionist measures, is significant.