Showing papers by "Northampton Community College published in 1984"
TL;DR: The intermediary's role in building up its own model of the user in interaction with the user is concerned, in order both to help theuser in clarifying the problem and to develop a representation of that problem which it judges likely to obtain useful responses from the knowledge resource.
172 citations
TL;DR: Sources of bias in population surveys of alcohol consumption are discussed and the effect of computer interviewing in survey fieldwork is assessed on the basis of a recent population survey in Edinburgh.
Abstract: Summary
Sources of bias in population surveys of alcohol consumption are discussed. The effect of computer interviewing in survey fieldwork is assessed on the basis of a recent population survey in Edinburgh.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of almost zeros and almost decoupling zeros in the determinantal zero and pole assignment problems is examined, and two important families of systems are defined : the strongly zero nonassignable (SZNA) and the strongly pole non-assignability (SPNA) systems.
Abstract: The strucxpects of the rationxr spaces x c, x fwhere x c is the columxof the transfer function matrix G(s) and x f, is the space associated with right matrix fracxcriptions of G(s), are investigated. For x f gcanonixqb;s] Grassmgesentax g(x c) and g(x f) arxd, and are shown xmplete basis free invariants for x c and x f respectively. The almost zeros (AZ) and almost decoupling zeros (ADZ) of G(s)gdefinex local minima of a normgn defix g(x c) and g(x f) respectively. The computation, and certain aspects of the distribution in the complex plane of AZs and ADZs are examined. The role of AZs and ADZs in the determinantal zero and pole assignment problems respectively is examined next. Two important families of systems are defined : the strongly zero non-assignable (SZNA) and the strongly pole non-assignable (SPNA) systems. For SZNA and SPNA systems minimal radius discs Dem e[z, R em e(z)] and Dem f[zb centred at an AZ and ADZ respectively are defined. It is shown that Dem e[R em e(z)] contains at least one zer...
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ammonium/sodium exchange was studied in three zeolites: clinoptilolite, ferrierite, and mordenite for lead and cadmium.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report two studies which focused on the public's "image" of urban parks and find that park image is a substantial and consistent predictor of an individual's decision to use a park, and that the descriptive component of image can be improved significantly by a mailed brochure.
57 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons were made between those who subsequently were convicted of violent offences, those who offended non-violently, and those who did not offend at all, and differences were found to exist between all three groups on a number of variables.
Abstract: As part of a more general follow-up study of men admitted to English special hospitals during the period 1961–65 and who left the hospitals before 1 January 1978, comparisons were made between those who subsequently were convicted of violent offences, those who offended non-violently, and those who did not offend at all. Pre-admission and post-discharge behaviour was examined and differences were found to exist between all three groups on a number of variables.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the comparative in vitro spermicidal effects of (+)-gossypol, (−)-Gossypols, (−-gossysypols and (+)-Gsophysophols were evaluated on the spermatozoa of human, monkey, rabbit, mouse, rat and hamster.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the distortion of a cross-section has been characterised by a single representative parameter and appropriate functions of this parameter have been used as the degrees of freedom in a finite element representation.
36 citations
TL;DR: A probabilistic model previously used in relevance feedback is adapted for use in automatic indexing of documents (in the sense of imitating human indexers) and the possibility of a dependence model is discussed.
Abstract: A probabilistic model previously used in relevance feedback is adapted for use in automatic indexing of documents (in the sense of imitating human indexers). The model fits with previous work in this area (the ‘adhesion coefficient’ method), in effect merely suggesting a different way of arriving at the adhesion coefficients. Methods for the application of the model are proposed. The independence assumptions used in the model are interpreted, and the possibility of a dependence model is discussed.
30 citations
Patent•
26 Jun 1984TL;DR: In this paper, a repair structure for the repair, mainly of leaking pipelines, is described, which is a bandage of absorbent material impregnated with a curable resin.
Abstract: A repair structure for the repair, mainly, of leaking pipelines. The repair structure is a bandage of absorbent material impregnated with a curable resin. The bandage is wrapped round the pipeline to form a hard seal casing when the resin cures. The bandage preferably comprises also an impermeable membrane and a vent to allow leaking medium to escape while the bandage is being applied, with the membrane innermost, and while the resin is curing. The vent comprises a bush cast around a vent sleeve and bonded to the membrane. The resin which is used to form the vent bush and the membrane is the same as that used for the impregnation of the absorbent layer so that such layer will bond to the membrane. The sleeve is removable and can be replaced by a solid plug to seal the vent bush when the rigid seal casing is formed. The casing extends over a gallery in the region of the joint so that it will act as a bellow and accomodate large relative pipe section movements without failing. The joint seal is completed by applying a film of plastics material again preferably of the same resin, to the outside of the impregnated bandage before curing of the resin so that the film will bond to the resin when cured. The film may be wrapped over the vent provided each wrapping is punctured at the vent to allow the medium to continue to escape until the resin has cured.
TL;DR: The reactivity of fresh precipitated amorphous titanium dioxide and colloidal titanium dioxide is attributed to the formation of titanium(III) species rather than electron-hole pairs as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The interior of St Paul's Cathedral has a volume of 152 000 m3 including the large dome and the average value of the reverberation time is 11 s at 500 Hz when the cathedral is empty and reduces to 7·8 s at the same frequency when the Cathedral is full as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, the dye sensitised photo-oxidation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline in both polar and non-polar solvents, implicating singlet oxygen as a reactive intermediate.
Abstract: Substantial isotope effects have been observed for the dye sensitised photo-oxidation of 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline in both polar and non polar solvents, implicating singlet oxygen as a reactive intermediate. By way of contrast, a solvent isotope effect upon the direct photo-oxidation of the pyrazoline was only observed when a protic solvent (methanol) was used. It was found that the photophysical properties (e.g. quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes) of pyrazolines are sensitive to the isotopic composition of protic solvents but not aprotic solvents. The solvent isotope effect observed for the direct photo-oxidation reaction in methanol may not therefore be a true indication of the participation of singlet oxygen. Since this reaction may not be singlet oxygen mediated, an alternative mechanism is proposed.
TL;DR: Behavioural methods were used to measure spatial contrast sensitivity, to vertical sine-wave luminance profile gratings, in hooded rats, and attenuation exceeded that produced by varying the number of periods in the grating, indicating that it was a function of spatial frequency as well as number of period.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of an in-service problem in a GRP acid storage tank is given with observations on the mechanism of degradation and the possibilities resulting in the problem.
TL;DR: A new highly oxygenated flavone methyl ether has been isolated from Brickellia veronicaefolia and B. chlorolepis as mentioned in this paper, which was identified as 5,6′-dihydroxy-6,7,2′,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone and given the name brickellin.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the general thermodynamic treatments for binary cation exchange is presented, together with some recent developments concerning the thermodynamics of ternary and multicomponent exchange.
Abstract: As an introduction, the general thermodynamic treatments for binary cation exchange are reviewed. The normal choice of standard states for the cations in the clay phase, and commonly used thermodynamic formulations with different scales of measurement are both discussed. The definition of standard states for the clay phase which is due to Gaines & Thomas ( J. chem. Phys . 21, 714 (1953)) is considered in most detail ; the effect of water activity changes in the homo-ionic forms of the clay on the magnitude of the cation activity coefficients is considered. In the main part of the paper, three topics of current interest are considered. First, the current controversies regarding the appropriate choice of measurement scale for exchange reactions in clays are reviewed, together with the consequent implications that a particular choice of concentration scale have regarding the definition of ideal behaviour in the exchange phase. It is emphasized that thermodynamic formulations in terms of either the cationic mole fraction scale or the equivalent function scale are equally valid. Second, some recent developments concerning the thermodynamics of ternary and multicomponent exchange are reviewed. The question as to whether multicomponent equilibria may be predicted from binary data alone is briefly discussed, and recent rigorous thermodynamic formulations of Chu & Sposito ( J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am . (1981)) and Fletcher & Townsend ( J. chem. Soc. Faraday Trans . II 77, 955; 965; 2077 (1981)) are compared. These formulations, also based on different measurement scales, are shown to be compatible and complementary. Finally, the question of site heterogeneity in clays is considered briefly, and some current attempts to interpret non-ideal behaviour in the exchange reaction in terms of this phenomenon are discussed.
Patent•
09 Nov 1984TL;DR: In this paper, a collapsible, stick-folding, lie-back pushchair with a spring loaded pin for engagement with a hole in the armrest members is described.
Abstract: The invention relates to a collapsible, stick-folding, lie-back pushchair (1) including seat support members (17) having back rest members (20) and armrest members (22), the inclination of the back rest members (20) being controlled by connector members (28) slidable along armrest members (22) and having locking means in the form of a spring loaded pin (29) for engagement with a hole (32) in the arm-rest members (22). In the fully reclined position, the back rest members (20), and thus the seat, lie substantially parallel with the ground, at an angle of 165°-170° to the horizontal.
TL;DR: In this article, a ternary isotherm was obtained for exchange equilibria involving three ions in the same zeolite, all data being measured at a temperature of 25 degrees C.
Abstract: In many ion exchanges that involve zeolites, more than two types of exchanging ions are involved. Most work to date has been concerned with equilibria involving two different types of ion only. In this paper, a recently devised thermodynamic treatment for exchange equilibria involving three ions is tested experimentally. In section 1 the most important aspects of this thermodynamic model are discussed, and after this the experimental techniques necessary to obtain a ternary exchange isotherm are summarized. Data for three binary exchanges in synthetic mordenite are presented in section 3 (the ion pairs Na-NH$\_{4}$, NA-K and K-NH$\_{4}$) together with a ternary isotherm obtained for the simultaneous exchange of Na$^{+}$, NH$\_{4}^{+}$ and K$^{+}$ ions in the same zeolite, all data being measured at a temperature of 25 degrees C. After some general considerations in section 4 on the nature of non-ideality in the zeolite phase and its effects on the variation of observed ion selectivities as a function of exchanger composition, the experimental data are next used to test, first, the validity, and secondly the range of applicability of numerous models found in the literature, all of which attempt to predict multicomponent exchange equilibria from binary exchange data alone. In section 5 models that were developed primarily with ion exchange resins in mind are discussed (Soldatov & Bychkova 1980). In section 6 approaches that attempt to predict, from binary activity data, the coefficients of ternary exchanger systems are considered, especially those that have been used with some success on clays (Elprince & Babcock 1975; Chu & Sposito 1981). All of these models are shown to be, at best, only partially successful in predicting experimental data for the comparatively simple Na-NH$\_{4}$-K-mordenite exchange system. The use of zeolites seems, therefore, to introduce additional complications. The recently developed model of Fletcher & Townsend (1981 b) is next used to determine directly the exchanger phase activity coefficients $\phi \_{\text{Na}}$, $\phi \_{\text{NH}\_{4}}$ and $\phi \_{\text{K}}$, and these are indeed found to vary with the exchanger phase composition in a complicated manner. Finally, in section 8, the observed non-ideality of the ternary exchange system is rationalized in terms of site heterogeneity within the zeolite framework, and the consequences of this phenomenon are discussed, particularly with respect to the problems this presents in the successful prediction of multicomponent exchange phenomena, when only a limited quantity of data are available.
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of the flow of viscous fluid in a divergent straight-walled channel is tackled by a finite difference method applied to the equation of the disturbance stream function.
Abstract: The stability of the flow of viscous fluid in a divergent straight-walled channel is tackled by a finite difference method applied to the equation of the disturbance stream function. Good agreement is obtained with the work of Eagles & Weissman ( J. Fluid Mech . 69 (2), 241-262 (1975)), which was done by a completely different (modal) approach. The results are also extended to the more realistic curved-wall channels of Eagles & Smith ( J. engng Math . 14 (3), 219–237 (1980)), again with good agreement.
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for the reverse-phase HPLC analysis of gossypol and its derivatives, including anhydrogossypylhexaacetate and Schiff's base derivatives, were reported.
Abstract: Conditions are reported for the reverse-phase HPLC analysis of gossypol and of some of its derivatives, including anhydrogossypol, gossypolone, gossypol hexaacetate, and Schiff's base derivatives. It is shown that field desorption (FD) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry have advantages over electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry for the characterization of these compounds and that combined high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), especially when used in the CI mode, is particularly effective.
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TL;DR: In this article, two comparative studies of secretaries and their employers in central London in 1970 and 1981 were carried out and the surveys looked at secretarial recruitment, training, deployment, job content, job satisfaction, careers and the impact of technology.
Abstract: This paper outlines some of the findings of two comparative studies of secretaries and their employers in central London in 1970 and 1981. The surveys look at secretarial recruitment, training, deployment, job content, job satisfaction, careers and the impact of technology. Lack of change over the decade in some of these aspects is discussed and the lack of motivating potential, in Hackman and Oldham's terms, in secretarial jobs is considered. Implications of the findings for the design of secretarial jobs are reviewed.
TL;DR: Sulphides have been shown to be capable of quenching the excited singlet and triplet states of several aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives as discussed by the authors, using an electron transfer mechanism.
TL;DR: Three cases of analytic psychotherapy are described, in which nonfunctional identifications and idealizations are treated, and delayed maturation resumes through the formation of new, recombinant identifications.
Abstract: Psychological growth proceeds through emotional attachment and separation processes. Inhibition of emotional separation in late adolescence can result in delayed psychological differentiation and sometimes identity diffusion. Three cases of analytic psychotherapy are described, in which nonfunctional identifications and idealizations are treated, and delayed maturation resumes through the formation of new, recombinant identifications.
TL;DR: In this paper, a norditerpene dilactone named salignone I was isolated from the roots of Podocarpus saligna and their structures determined by high field 1 H NMR and NOE difference spectroscopy.
TL;DR: The ability of excimers and exciplexes to decay to yield triplets, oxygen quenching of which may result in the generation of singlet oxygen, has important consequences for interpreting the mechanisms of photo-oxidation in reactions sensitised by electron acceptors, e.g. 9, 10-dicyanoanthracene.
TL;DR: In the second half of the twelfth century Northampton was one of the largest and wealthiest towns in all England as mentioned in this paper, but this represented only a transient phase, since by the early part of the fourteenth century the town had assumed a more modest position.
Abstract: In the second half of the twelfth century Northampton was one of the largest and wealthiest towns in all England. This represented, however, only a transient phase, since by the early part of the fourteenth century the town had assumed a more modest position. As a result of a series of disastrous fires in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, little now survives to remind us of Northampton's former medieval glories, and its earlier development has been until recently but dimly perceived. Over the last decade, however, archaeological and other research has facilitated the identification of elements of continuity in the upper Nene basin (in which Northampton lies) stretching back several thousand years. In particular it is now possible to demonstrate that the late Saxon borough emerged as the culmination of a gradual evolutionary process throughout the Anglo-Saxon period rather than as the result of a single dramatic act of foundation. This has important implications for ideas relating to the re-emergence of towns in the ninth and tenth centuries and is particularly significant in that Northampton has no obvious major Romano-British antecedent.
TL;DR: The crystal structures of diacetatobis(thiourea)tin(II) (I) and ditin (II)tetrabromopenta(thIourea),dihydrate (II), have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of phonological similarity among list items on the modality effect was investigated in free recall with distraction activity interpolated before and after each list word, and it was shown that the effect is not echoic.
Abstract: The effect of phonological similarity amongst list items on the modality effect was investigated in free recall with distraction activity interpolated before and after each list word. In Experiment 1 the distractor activity involved counting backward silently mouthing each number, and the modality effect was drastically attenuated by high similarity. This outcome is comparable with that found in immediate recall, and it is consistent with an echoic memory interpretation. In Experiment 2 the same backward-counting task was performed with each number being vocalized, and the modality effect was unaffected by phonological similarity. This outcome leads to the stronger conclusion that, under those conditions at least, the modality effect cannot be echoic. Implications of these findings for general theoretical accounts of the modality effect are discussed.