Oklahoma City University

About: Oklahoma City University is a education organization based out in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Supreme court & Comparative law. The organization has 240 authors who have published 421 publications receiving 6923 citations.

The Corporation as Administrative Agency: Tax Expenditures and Institutional Design

Abstract: Tax expenditure analysis asserts that an income tax system is a poor vehicle for implementing non-tax goals. The traditional analysis argues that government subsidies now made available through tax deductions, tax credits, and the like should be converted into direct government expenditures administered by a specialized agency. This Article reconsiders tax expenditure analysis in light of institutional economics. The Article suggests that a complete analysis of the use of tax expenditures must include a comparison of an administrative agency with corporations as administrators of collective decisions. The analysis should not only compare an organization in the public sector to organizations in the private sector, but should also compare a centralized administrator to a decentralized group of administrators. The Article concludes that, under specified circumstances, tax expenditures may be appropriate means for implementing non-tax goals. By blending the public and private spheres and by blending centralization with decentralization, tax expenditures are a means of reducing the burden of transaction costs inherent in collective action.

Non-State Actors in the Middle East: A Challenge for Rationalist Legal Theory

Abstract: Recently, international legal scholars have developed models for understanding state behavior based on rational choice theory. This Article uses recent events in the Middle East to highlight the difficulties that the rationalist model faces when confronting the baffling complexities associated with multiple non-state actors that have been transforming international law and politics in the contemporary Middle East. Part I introduces the basic elements of the rationalist model, as well as leading criticisms of the model that are more fully developed in the next two sections. Part II tests rationalist assumptions in the context of the Israeli incursion into Gaza and the Libyan revolt against Colonel Ghaddafi’s government. In a brief concluding section, the Article explores the usefulness of normative models as descriptive tools for understanding the relevance of international law as a factor in the decision-making processes of both state and non-state actors.

Promethazine Prescribing Patterns in Pediatric Inpatients Younger Than Two Years Before and After the Product Black Box Warning

Abstract: Purpose: A black box warning was added to promethazine’s labeling in November 2004 related to reports of respiratory depression in children younger than 2 years. The objective of this study was to determine what effect the changes in product labeling had on prescribing practices for promethazine at a pediatric hospital 1 year before (2004), 1 year immediately after (2005), and 2 years after (2006).Methods: A retrospective chart review of orders for promethazine in pediatric inpatients (2 years and younger) admitted between 2004 and 2006 was conducted. Information collected included patient demographics and specifics about orders for promethazine (dose in mg/kg, route, indication, and number of as-needed doses received).Results: A total of 255 orders for promethazine met study criteria. Though the number of promethazine orders decreased each year, there was no significant difference in promethazine use observed between 2004 and 2005 (P = 0.223). However, a significant decrease in promethazine use occurred ...

Trust And Parameter Heterogeneity In The Neoclassical Growth Model

Abstract: Previous research has shown that trust alters input efficiencies across countries, which is suggestive of parameter heterogeneity. In this paper, trust's role in parameter heterogeneity is further explored within the context of the neoclassical growth model. This heterogeneity creates a nonlinear regression specification, which is estimated using a Metropolis within Gibbs algorithm. Results show that country-level trust differences cause human capital's exponent to vary by 43% and physical capital's exponent to vary by 29% across countries. This trust-induced parameter heterogeneity has important implications for various aspects of the development process. Under higher trust levels, the responsiveness of output per worker to changes in savings is increased by as much as 52%. In addition, this parameter heterogeneity also serves to mitigate untenably high implied rates of rate return differences between the US and other countries.

Around‐the‐Clock Performance of Closed‐End Funds

Abstract: Herein, we find that the market price of closed-end fund shares tends to increase (decrease) in anticipation of a rise (fall) in the net asset value (NAV). Similarly, an increase (decrease) in the reported NAV tends to be followed by a rise (fall) in the price of the fund's shares. Interestingly, we also find a powerful negative autocorrelation between closed-end fund shares’ overnight and intraday returns in both univariate and multivariate tests for both the overall sample and a number of subsamples. We believe that this tendency results from the strategies that many specialists employ when they open their assigned shares.