SRI International

About: SRI International is a nonprofit organization based out in Menlo Park, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Ionosphere & Laser. The organization has 7222 authors who have published 13102 publications receiving 660724 citations. The organization is also known as: Stanford Research Institute & SRI.

Pituitary-adrenal response to separation in mother and infant squirrel monkeys.

Abstract: Pituitary-adrenal response in mother and infant squirrel monkeys following brief separation was assessed. Each mother and infant pair was tested under each of 3 conditions: (1) Basal; (2) Separation-Reunion; and (3) Separation. Samples were obtained from mothers and infants in the Separation and Separation-Reunion conditions 30 min following the initial disturbance. A similar paradigm was used to assess the effects of separation in surrogate-reared animals. The results indicate that mothers, infants, and surrogate-reared infants respond to 30-min separation with a substantial increase in plasma cortisol. The values obtained in the Separation-Reunion condition did not differ significantly from Basal values in any of the 3 groups, suggesting that the effect of separation on the pituitary-adrenal system is not due to the disturbance involved in the separation procedure. The response of surrogate-reared infants suggests that these infants develop similar attachments to the surrogate as normal infants to their own mothers.

Evaluation of Alloy Anodes for Aluminum‐Air Batteries IV . Electrochemical Impedance Analysis of Pure Aluminum in at 25°C

Abstract: An electrochemical impedance analysis of pure aluminum in at 25°C is reported. Impedance spectra have been obtained at 30–80 mV intervals extending from the hydrogen evolution region at −1.96V (vs. , ) to the transpassive dissolution region at −1.35V. The impedance spectra are found to consist of two intersecting capacitive semicircles with a loop at intermediate frequencies. The low‐frequency capacitive arc and the loop become increasingly dominant with respect to the high‐frequency relaxation as the potential is shifted in the positive direction. The impedance spectra and the steady‐state current/voltage characteristics (including the partial anodic and cathodic curves) are accounted for by a model involving the stepwise addition of hydroxyl groups to surface aluminum atoms, culminating in the chemical dissolution of to form . This anodic process is coupled to hydrogen evolution via competition for bare surface sites. Comparison of the experimental and predicted impedance spectra indicate that the total concentration of reactive sites at the surface varies with potential in a manner that parallels the anodic partial current. This variation is attributed to the existence of a porous corrosion product film on the surface. The impedance analysis also indicates small values (<0.1) for the transfer coefficients for elementary charge transfer reactions; these are attributed to the highly asymmetric nature of the reaction coordinate for reactions involving reactive species or to strong repulsive interaction between adsorbed species, as embodied in the Temkin adsorption isotherm.

Prevalence and correlates of postsecondary residential status among young adults with an autism spectrum disorder

Abstract: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of three living arrangements (with a parent or guardian, independently or with a roommate, or in a supervised setting) among a nationally representative sample of postsecondary young adults with an autism spectrum disorder. We assessed living arrangements since leaving high school. Compared with young adults with other disability types (learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, or emotional disturbances), those with an autism spectrum disorder were more likely to have lived with a parent or guardian and least likely ever to have lived independently since leaving high school. Members of the autism spectrum disorder group were less likely to have ever lived elsewhere and more likely to live under supervision since leaving high school compared to persons with emotional disturbances and learning disabilities. Group differences persisted after controlling for functional ability and demographic characteristics. Correlates of residential independence included being White, having better conversation ability and functional skills, and having a higher household income. Further research is needed to investigate how these residential trends relate to the quality of life among families and young adults.

Genetic influences and grip strength norms in the NHLBI twin study males aged 59–69

Abstract: Maximal grip strength was measured in kilograms using a hand dynamometer on 344 unrelated males between the ages of 59 and 70 participating in the third examination of the NHLBI Twin Study. There was a significant linear decline in mean grip strength over this age range. Mean grip strength and grip strength per kilogram weight are presented for age 59, ages 60-64 and 65-69. Genetic analysis using 127 pairs of identical (MZ) twins and 130 pairs of fraternal (DZ) twins indicated significant genetic effects for absolute grip strength and grip strength per kilogram weight. The largest estimate of heritability (65%) was obtained for grip strength adjusted for significant effects of weight, height, age, and various anthropometric measures of fatness, muscle mass, and frame size.

Reverse Engineering Digital Circuits Using Structural and Functional Analyses

Abstract: Integrated circuits (ICs) are now designed and fabricated in a globalized multivendor environment making them vulnerable to malicious design changes, the insertion of hardware Trojans/malware, and intellectual property (IP) theft. Algorithmic reverse engineering of digital circuits can mitigate these concerns by enabling analysts to detect malicious hardware, verify the integrity of ICs, and detect IP violations. In this paper, we present a set of algorithms for the reverse engineering of digital circuits starting from an unstructured netlist and resulting in a high-level netlist with components such as register files, counters, adders, and subtractors. Our techniques require no manual intervention and experiments show that they determine the functionality of ${>}{45\%}$ and up to 93% of the gates in each of the test circuits that we examine. We also demonstrate that our algorithms are scalable to real designs by experimenting with a very large, highly-optimized system-on-chip (SOC) design with over 375000 combinational elements. Our inference algorithms cover 68% of the gates in this SOC. We also demonstrate that our algorithms are effective in aiding a human analyst to detect hardware Trojans in an unstructured netlist.