Showing papers by "Texas A&M University published in 1983"
TL;DR: A measure of a wide array of employee activities on the job was completed by employees' supervisors at two points in time; employees reported their own job satisfaction via the Job Descriptive Index.
Abstract: A measure of a wide array of employee activities on the job was completed by employees' supervisors at two points in time; employees reported their own job satisfaction via the Job Descriptive Index. Implications of relationships much higher than typically found in the job satisfaction–performance literature are discussed.
2,636 citations
TL;DR: The concept of information richness is introduced, and three models of information processing are proposed that describe (1) manager information behavior, (2) organizational mechanisms for coping with equivocality from the environment, and (3) organizational mechanism for internal coordination.
2,538 citations
1,540 citations
TL;DR: A review of recent work on microcracks in rock can be found in this paper, with a focus on the morphogenesis, kinematics, dynamics, population statistics and observational techniques.
812 citations
TL;DR: The concentrations of Mg2+ and Sr2+ incorporated within calcite overgrowths precipitated from seawater and related solutions, determined at 25°C, were independent of the precipitation rate over approximately an order of magnitude as mentioned in this paper.
766 citations
TL;DR: In the last decade, there has been a great deal of correlational research on the relationships between perceived role ambiguity and role conflict and a host of hypothesized antecedents (such as tenure, formalization, boundary spanning) and consequences as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The correlational literature concerning the relationships of role conflict and ambiguity to numerous hypothesized antecedents and consequences is still somewhat unclear after a decade of research Schmidt-Hunter meta-analysis procedures were applied to the results of 43 past studies in an effort to draw valid conclusions about the magnitude and direction of these relationships in the population For some correlates, apparently inconsistent research results could be ascribed largely to statistical artifacts. For other correlates, it seems that moderator research may be needed to explain conflicting results across samples In the last 12 years, there has been a great deal of correlational research on the relationships between perceived role ambiguity and role conflict and a host of hypothesized antecedents (such as tenure, formalization, boundary spanning) and consequences (such as job satisfaction, job involvement, performance, tension, propensity to leave the job). Although nearly all studies have been crosssectional, one laboratory study did find that role conflict caused a host of dysfunctional affective and behavioral outcomes (Manning, Ismail, & Sherwood, 1981) Thus, the consequences of these two types of role stress have potentially important cost implications for organizations. Whereas the costs of turnover and substandard performance are obvious, the true cost of attitudinal variables is just beginning to be understood (Cascio, 1982; Mirvis & Lawler, 1977). Therefore, efforts to obtain a better understanding of role conflict, role ambiguity, and their correlates are certainly justified.
739 citations
TL;DR: A method is proposed for a key safeguarding scheme in which the shadows are congruence classes of a number associated with the original key that provides efficient error detection and exposes deliberate tampering.
Abstract: A method is proposed for a key safeguarding scheme (threshold scheme) in which the shadows are congruence classes of a number associated with the original key. A variation of this scheme provides efficient error detection and even exposes deliberate tampering. Certain underlying similarities of this scheme with Shamir's interpolation method make it possible to incorporate these protective features in that method as well.
616 citations
TL;DR: From a simulation of the DCT coding System it is shown that the assumption that the coefficients are Laplacian yields a higher actual output signal-to-noise ratio and a much better agreement between theory and simulation than the Gaussian assumption.
Abstract: For a two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) image coding system, there have been different assumptions concerning the distributions of the transform coefficients. This paper presents results of distribution tests that indicate that for many images the statistics of the coefficients are best approximated by a Gaussian distribution for the DC coefficient and a Laplacian distribution for the other coefficients. Furthermore, from a simulation of the DCT coding System it is shown that the assumption that the coefficients are Laplacian yields a higher actual output signal-to-noise ratio and a much better agreement between theory and simulation than the Gaussian assumption.
545 citations
TL;DR: Identification of a sequence of east-west trending magnetic anomalies of Mesozoic age in the western Somali Basin helps define the position of Madagascar in the Gondwana reconstruction.
Abstract: Identification of a sequence of east-west trending magnetic anomalies of Mesozoic age in the western Somali Basin helps define the position of Madagascar in the Gondwana reconstruction. The anomalies are symmetric about ancient ridge segments and are flanked to the north and south by the Jurassic magnetic quiet zone. The motion of Madagascar relative to Africa was from the north and began in the middle Jurassic, about the same time as the initial breakup of Gondwanaland. Sea-floor spreading ceased when Madagascar assumed its present position in the Early Cretaceous.
486 citations
TL;DR: The basic theorems of distance geometry in Euclidean space are presented and formal proofs of the correctness and, where possible, of the complexity of these algorithms are given.
390 citations
TL;DR: A method to introduce site-specific mutations into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus demonstrated that the polyhedrin gene was not essential for the production of infectious virus and that deletion of certain sequences within the gene did not alter the control, or decrease the level of expression, ofpolyhedrin.
Abstract: We describe a method to introduce site-specific mutations into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Specifically, the A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene for polyhedrin, the major protein that forms viral occlusions in infected cells, was mutagenized by introducing deletions into the cloned DNA fragment containing the gene. The mutagenized polyhedrin gene was transferred to the intact viral DNA by mixing fragment and viral DNAs, cotransfecting Spodoptera frugiperda cells, and screening for viral recombinants that had undergone allelic exchange. Recombinant viruses with mutant polyhedrin genes were obtained by selecting the progeny virus that did not produce viral occlusions in infected cells (occlusion-negative mutants). Analyses of occlusion-negative mutants demonstrated that the polyhedrin gene was not essential for the production of infectious virus and that deletion of certain sequences within the gene did not alter the control, or decrease the level of expression, of polyhedrin. An early viral protein of 25,000 molecular weight was apparently not essential for virus replication in vitro, as the synthesis of this protein was not detected in cells infected with a mutant virus.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated six instruments previously used to assess Perrow's dimensions of work unit technology and found convergent validity across measures of the analyzability and exceptions.
Abstract: Six instruments previously used to assess Perrow's dimensions of work unit technology are evaluated. The findings suggest convergent validity across measures of the analyzability and exceptions dim...
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the literature about use of solvents for extraction of oilseeds is presented in this article, where mention has been made of over 70 solvent types, including ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride, aqueous acetone and hexane/acetone/water mixtures.
Abstract: A comprehensive review of the literature about use of solvents for extraction of oilseeds is presented. Mention has been found of over 70 solvents. Currently, hexane is the major solvent in use, but recent price increases and safety, environmental and health concerns, have generated interest in alternatives. Solvents vary considerably in chemical and physical properties which affect their performance in oil extraction. The choice of solvent depends upon the primary end product desired (oil or meal). Recent research on alternative solvents has focused on ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride, aqueous acetone, and hexane/acetone/water mixtures.
TL;DR: A tentative framework of the research craft is proposed in this paper, which includes error and surprise, storytelling, research poetry, nonlinear decision making, common sense, firsthand knowledge, and research colleagues.
Abstract: This essay proposes that scholarly research is a craft and that significant research outcomes are associated with the mastery of craft elements in the research process. A tentative framework of the research craft is proposed, which includes error and surprise, storytelling, research poetry, nonlinear decision making, common sense, firsthand knowledge, and research colleagues.
TL;DR: This paper developed normative data for the revision of the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), which was administered to 4,972 children from 13 states and more than 80 school districts.
Abstract: To develop normative data for the revision of the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), the scale was administered to 4,972 children from 13 states and more than 80 school districts representi...
TL;DR: Mutants of Autographa californica and Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, which produce an altered plaque phenotype as a result of reduced numbers of viral occlusions in infected cells, were isolated after passage in Trichoplusia ni (TN-368) cells and it was suggested that the insertion of cell DNA into the viral genomes resulted in the FP plaque phenotype.
Abstract: Mutants of Autographa californica and Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, which produce an altered plaque phenotype as a result of reduced numbers of viral occlusions in infected cells, were isolated after passage in Trichoplusia ni (TN-368) cells. These mutants, termed FP (few-polyhedra) mutants, had acquired cell DNA sequences ranging from 0.8 to 2.8 kilobase pairs in size. The insertions of cell DNA occurred in a specific region between 35.0 and 37.7 map units of the A. californica viral genome. A cloned viral fragment containing one of the host DNA inserts was homologous to host DNA inserts in two other mutant viruses and to dispersed, repetitious sequences in T. ni cell DNA. Most of the homology between the cloned insert and cell DNA was contained within a 1,280-base-pair AluI fragment. Marker rescue studies and analysis of infected-cell-specific proteins suggested that the insertion of cell DNA into the viral genomes resulted in the FP plaque phenotype, possibly through the inactivation of a 25,000-molecular-weight protein.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared several blends prepared by combining raw (R), gelatinized (G), and dextrinized (D) corn to those of extruded products and found that the relative proportion of D corn increased from about 10 to 60% as EMC decreased.
Abstract: Whole ground corn was extruded at 23.7, 18.5, 15.4,13.9 and 7.6% moisture contents (EMC). Decreasing EMC resulted in increases in water solubility index (WSI), enzyme susceptibility (ES), degree of gelatinization and blue values, while water absorption index and water insoluble carbohydrates decreased. ES and WSI of several blends prepared by combining raw (R), gelatinized (G), and dextrinized (D) corn were compared to those of extruded products. Corn extrudates had properties similar to blends containing G and D corn only. The relative proportion of D corn increased from about 10 to 60%, as EMC decreased. “Dextrinization” appears to become the predominant mechanism of starch degradation during low-moisture, high-shear extrusion. Viscoamylographs, scanning electron and light photomicrographs support these findings.
TL;DR: This article argued that when the orientation of a newcomer to an organization is taken into account, individual differences and attributional processes moderate the newcomer's subsequent adjustment to the organization and personal and role outcomes.
Abstract: Research on organizational socialization typically assumes that the newcomer's subsequent adjustment to the organization is directly affected by early learning experiences and the organization's methods of socialization. This paper argues, however, that when the newcomer's orientation towards the organization is taken into account, individual differences and attributional processes moderate the newcomer's subsequent adjustment to the organization and personal and role outcomes.
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TL;DR: A review of the fundamental flow properties and processes in experimentally deformed natural and synthetic halite single crystals and polycrystalline aggregates is presented in this article, where a representative steady-state flow law determined for natural aggregates and maximum natural deviatoric stresses deduced from subgrain sizes are applied briefly to considerations of creep in waste repositories and of salt dome dynamics.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the structure of agricultural production for six Texas field crops (cotton, grain sorghum, wheat, corn, rice, and hay) which account for nearly 95% of recent field crop value.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the structure of agricultural production for six Texas field crops (cotton, grain sorghum, wheat, corn, rice, and hay) which account for nearly 95% of recent field crop value. Specific objectives are to: (a) test the structure of technology to determine (i) if output and input utilization choices for individual products are independent of production decisions about other outputs and (ii) if products and/or inputs can be consistently aggregated, (b) estimate a coherent set of interrelated supply functions for the six commodities and input demand functions for fertilizer and hired labor. Because the empirical focus of this paper is specific to one state, the results will be of limited value for interpreting specific production relationships elsewhere. However, the problem is of common interest in production agriculture, and the techniques used demonstrate an important application of dual modeling.
TL;DR: This article used a pooled inter-country data set, finding the long-run price-elasticity falls in the range −0.55 to − 0.9, depending on the choice of pooled estimators.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use a simple rheological model to investigate the behavior of the lithosphere undergoing extension, which is consistent with experimental data on rock creep and with the nature of the brittle/ductile transition.
Abstract: To investigate the behavior of the lithosphere undergoing extension, we use a simple rheological model broadly consistent with experimental data on rock creep and with the nature of the brittle/ductile transition. A plastic surface layer overlies a substrate that deforms by power law creep with a stress exponent n = 3 and an effective viscosity that decreases with depth. In extension this model shows a strong necking instability, provided that the thermal gradient is sufficiently large; otherwise, stable uniform extension is indicated. The predicted structures display uniformly spaced necks or regions of enhanced extension (basins) alternating with regions of reduced extension (ranges). If the depth to the brittle/ductile transition is roughly 10 km, as suggested by the maximum depth of seismic faulting, the model yields spacings for the incipient Basin and Range structures of about 25–60 km, in excellent agreement with observation.
TL;DR: A key is presented to the 42 species of opiine Braconidae previously collected in biological control programs directed against Ceratitis and Dacus s.
Abstract: A key is presented to the 42 species of opiine Braconidae previously collected in biological control programs directed against Ceratitis and Dacus s. l. Diagnostic features and present nomenclatural status are also discussed for these species. Biosteres oophilus (Fullaway) is treated as a synonym of Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), and B. watersi (Fullaway) as a synonym of B. dacusii (Cameron).
01 Aug 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a study was made of the phytoplankton standing crop, primary productivity, and nutrient chemistry of the waters along a north-south transect between New Zealand and the Ross Ice Shelf and along two east-west transsects in the Ross Sea.
Abstract: In austral summer 1978 a study was made of the phytoplankton standing crop, primary productivity, and nutrient chemistry of the waters along a north-south transect between New Zealand and the Ross Ice Shelf and along two east-west transects in the Ross Sea. The area was characterized by a high degree of spatial biological variability, with pronounced differences in phytoplankton biomass, primary productivity, and near-surface nitrate and ammonium fields between the northern, central, and southern regions of the Ross Sea. An extensive bloom of the colonial flagelate Phaeocystis pouchetiii (Prymnesiophyceae) was encountered along the barrier edge of the Ross Ice Shelf and extended to depths of 100 to 150 m at some stations. Chlorophyll a throughout the euphotic zone along the ice shelf barrier edge averaged > 1 mg m−3, and primary productivity locally reached nearly 1 g C m−2 day−1 there. In contrast, both chlorophyll a concentration and rates of 14C uptake averaged two- to four-fold less some 200 km offshore of the Ross Ice Shelf, where P. pouchetii generally was rare. Where P. pouchetii was abundant, more than 25% of the water column primary production occurred at depths below the 1% light penetration level. Near-surface nitrate concentrations were about a third lower at the stations where P. pouchetii was abundant than at those with few or no P. pouchetii. Regionally there was a strong negative correlation between NH4+ and chlorophyll a, suggesting that the biogenic uptake of NH4+ by the phytoplankton controlled the distribution of NH4+ within the euphotic zone.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the grabens provide void spaces within the surface of the subducting plate, below the plane of subduction, into which the trench sediments are tectonically displaced and thus subducted.
TL;DR: The developments in linear regression methodology that have taken place during the 25-year history of Technometrics are summarized in this paper, where the major topics covered are variable selection, biased estimation, robust estimation, and regression diagnostics.
Abstract: The developments in linear regression methodology that have taken place during the 25-year history of Technometrics are summarized. Major topics covered are variable selection, biased estimation, robust estimation, and regression diagnostics.
TL;DR: In this paper, laboratory observations with the latest generation of nuclear accelerators are used to infer the surface tension of the liquid-gas interface in nuclear matter, an essential ingredient of the equation of state for which a reliable theoretical model is not available.
Abstract: Every self-bound Fermi liquid will exhibit a liquid–gas phase equilibrium at low temperatures, because the pressure is positive at low densities due to the kinetic energy of degeneracy, and falls to zero again at the equilibrium density. Nuclear matter is seldom found under conditions of two-phase equilibrium, however: in usual nuclear reactions, a heated (‘compound’) nucleus is produced out of equilibrium with its surroundings, which are at a much lower temperature. The most familiar example of a two-phase equilibrium occurs in the crust of neutron stars inside the neutron-drip line1, at temperatures of less than an MeV. In supernovas, in the crucial moments when the implosion is reversed to an explosion, densities comparable to those of neutron stars may be attained with associated temperatures of 5 to 10 MeV. An accurate knowledge of the properties of nuclear matter under these conditions is essential to the understanding of supernova dynamics2. This communication shows how laboratory observations with the latest generation of nuclear accelerators can be used to infer the surface tension of the liquid–gas interface in nuclear matter–an essential ingredient of the equation of state for which a reliable theoretical model is not available.
TL;DR: In this article, a cusp catastrophe model was developed to explain job turnover of nursing employees, and the temporal dynamics of the catastrophe model suggest that leavers experience lower organization commitment than new arrivals.
Abstract: A cusp catastrophe model is developed to explain job turnover of nursing employees. The temporal dynamics of the catastrophe model suggest that leavers experience lower organization commitment than...