Showing papers by "Tohoku University published in 1969"
TL;DR: The neural substance has been renamed gonad stimulating substance (GSS), and the second substance, produced in the ovary, is meiosis inducing substance (MIS), which seems to be non-species specific among starfishes7.
Abstract: INVESTIGATIONS of the mechanism of starfish spawning induced by injection of a water extract of radial nerves have shown that an active polypeptide acts on the ovary and induces the production of a second substance which is, in the true sense, a meiosis inducing factor as well as a spawning inducing factor1–7. The neural substance has therefore been renamed gonad stimulating substance (GSS), and the second substance, produced in the ovary, is meiosis inducing substance (MIS)5,7. Isolated ovarian fragments immersed in seawater containing MIS discharge their eggs4,5,7, while isolated oocytes with germinal vesicles treated with MIS mature4–7. The production of MIS by GSS has been demonstrated in isolated ovarian fragments of seven species of starfish, and it seems to be non-species specific among starfishes7. MIS is heat stable (100° C, 30 min) and is not a peptide5,6.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theory is developed which allows one to discuss the stability of multiply-twinned particles and to calculate critical sizes for stable and quasi-stable states, and the critical sizes r i w *, r i t 0 and r d t 0 are formulated as functions of the specific surface energy γ h k l, the twin boundary energy θ t, the elastic strain energy W and the adhesive energy to the substrate.
Abstract: A theory is developed which allows one to discuss the stability of multiply-twinned particles and to calculate critical sizes for stable and quasi-stable states. An icosahedral particle is essentially stable for r ≦ r i w * , quasi-stable for r i w * r i t 0 where r is an edge length of the particle, while a decahedral particle is not essentially stable but quasi-stable for r ≦ r d t 0 and unstable for r > r d t 0 . The critical sizes r i w * , r i t 0 and r d t 0 are formulated as functions of the specific surface energy γ h k l , the twin boundary energy γ t , the elastic strain energy W and the adhesive energy γ a to the substrate. Calculated critical diameters 2 r i w * ,2 r i t 0 and 2 r d t 0 for the particles grown in free space for several elements range between 15.5A and 106.8A, between 109.8A and 486.1A and between 725A and 3961A, respectively. These values are in good agreement with experimental results.
375 citations
170 citations
TL;DR: A method of evaluating the aerosol size distribution from the spectral attenuation measurements is shown, and some discussion is made of the effect of adopting a different refractive index value on estimation of the size distribution.
Abstract: A method of evaluating the aerosol size distribution from the spectral attenuation measurements is shown. The process consists of solving the simultaneous integral equations, and examples are given of solutions based on the attenuation measurements made by Knestrick et al. over the Chesapeake Bay. It is found that the evaluated individual size distributions do not necessarily follow the power law, although departures from it are mostly small. If the power law is to be adopted neglecting small departures, the evaluated results are in average expressed by r−3.57, where r is the radius of aerosols. In this study, the refractive index of aerosols is assumed to be 1.50, and some discussion is made of the effect of adopting a different refractive index value on estimation of the size distribution.
169 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that FITC is a useful reagent but that non-covalent dye binding should be born in mind when used with some proteins, as well as the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of this fluorochrome.
Abstract: 1. The reaction of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) with proteins was studied under various conditions. 2. It was found that the a-amino groups of the N-terminal amino acids were the prime target of the reaction (at pH<9.5) of FITC with neocarzinostatin and insulin although the a-amino groups became reactive at higher pH. 3. Egg white lysozyme [EC 3.2. 1. 17] and bovine serum albumin were found to bind with FITC even at low pH, while ovomucoid and neocarzinostatin did not bind below pH 7. 4. Trifluoroacetic acid treatment of fluorescein-thiocarbamylated insulin (FTC insulin) resulted in the release of terminal FTH-amino acids (Phe and Gly) only. These FTH-amino acids were identified for the first time. 5. Non-covalent binding of this fluorochrome to proteins was studied with fluoro seein. The results indicated non-covalent dye-binding of the fluorescein with albumin and Iysozyme [EC 3.2.1. 17]. 6. Above results showed that FITC is a useful reagent but that non-covalent dye binding should be born in mind when used with some proteins.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the pneumatic transport of solid particles in both horizontal and vertical pipes was studied using glass beads, copper spheres, millet and grass seeds, having diameters ranging from 0.1 to 1.0mm.
Abstract: The pneumatic transport of solid particles in both horizontal and vertical pipes was studied using glass beads, copper spheres, millet and grass seeds, having diameters ranging from 0.1 to 1.0mm. It was shown that the additional pressure drop and the particle velocity could be expressed by ΔPs/L=0.057 (ua/√gD)mρa, and us=ua-ut, respectively, in the case of vertical transport. In vertical transport, the copper spheres and glass beads were found to be densely distributed toward the wall of the pipe whereas higher concentration near the axis was observed for, polystyrene particles. The velocity profile of the air in the vertical pipe was symmetrical and was not appreciably affected by the addition of the particles. However, in the horizontal pipe, the velocity profile was asymmetric with respect to the pipe axis, and was found to be affected by the particle diameter, density, and the mass flow ratio of the air and the particles. A simple impulsive model was used to explain the additional pressure drop in horizontal conduits, which was thought to be caused mainly by the collision between the particles and the surface of the pipe wall.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a Sasakian manifold with pseudo-Riemannian metric, and discuss the classification of the manifold with constant φ-sectional curvatures, and prove that such a manifold is of constant curvature.
Abstract: Introduction. Sasakian manifold with Riemannian metric is defined by S. Sasaki [5]. In this paper, we want to define Sasakian manifold with pseudo-Riemannian metric, and discuss the classification of Sasakian manifolds. In section 1, we define a Sasakian manifold (with pseudo-Riemannian metric). In section 2, we define the model spaces of Sasakian manifolds which are used in section 4 for the classification of Sasakian manifolds of constant φ-sectional curvatures. In section 3, we discuss Z)-homothetic deformation which is defined by S. Tanno [9], and prove some fundamental lemmas concerning completeness of the deformed metric. In section 5, we prove that a Sasakian manifold, satisfying R(X, Y) R = 0 for all tangent vectors X and Y, is of constant curvature. In section 6, we discuss a Sasakian manifold M^ which is properly and isometrically immersed in £f.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the luminescence of pure alkali halide crystals induced by the excitation with UV-light in the fundamental absorption region at low temperature is observed in NaCl, KCl, RbCl, NaBr, KBr and RbBr and KI. All of the emission bands, except one in KI, arise from the self-trapped exciton, or the V k - center.
Abstract: The luminescence of pure alkali halide crystals induced by the excitation with UV-light in the fundamental absorption region at low temperature is observed in NaCl, KCl, RbCl, NaBr, KBr, RbBr and KI. In KCl, RbCl and NaBr one emission band, in NaCl, KBr and RbBr two emission bands and in KI three emission bands are induced at 11°K. All of the emission bands, except one in KI, are confirmed to arise from the self-trapped exciton, or the V k - center. The quantum efficiencies for the luminescence are estimated as small as 0.1 to 0.2 in KCl, KBr and RbCl and a little larger in the other crystals. The excitation spectra and temperature dependence of the intensity of the luminescence are measured and the results are discussed in connection with the properties of the V k - center.
135 citations
134 citations
TL;DR: The electrophoretically homogeneous glucomannan isolated from konjac flour was composed of d-glucose and d-mannose residues in the approximate ratio of 1: 1.6 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The electrophoretically homogeneous glucomannan isolated from konjac flour was composed of d-glucose and d-mannose residues in the approximate ratio of 1: 1.6. Controlled acid hydrolysis gave 4-O-β...
114 citations
TL;DR: 14 C-Acetyl-histone prepared by incubating calf thymus nuclei with sodium 14 C-acetate served as the substate and treatment of the histone with pronase destroyed most of the susceptibility to the enzymatic deacetylation.
TL;DR: A glucomannan isolated from konjac flour was hydrolyzed with commercially available crude and purified cellulases as discussed by the authors, and the following oligosaccharides were isolated from the hydrolyzate and identified: (a) 4-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-dmonnose (b) 4 O-β -d-glucose (c) O -βd -mannoprynosyl-(1→4)-D-mannose (d)-glucosophage (e) O-
Abstract: A glucomannan isolated from konjac flour was hydrolyzed with commercially available crude and purified cellulases. The following oligosaccharides were isolated from the hydrolyzate and identified: (a) 4-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-d-monnose (b) 4-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-d-glucose (c) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-mannose (d) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucose (e) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-mannose (f) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucose (g) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucose (h) 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose(cellobiose) (i) 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannose (epicellobiose) (j) O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-mannose. Of these saccharides, (h), (i) and (j) were isolated from the hydrolyzate by purified cellulase, while (g) was isolated from the h...
TL;DR: The senile changes were not uniform in severity throughout the testis and were induced in a distribution pattern with a close relation to blood supply, and hernia-like protrusions were prevalent in the lower and anterior parts proximal to the arterial trunk.
Abstract: Senile changes of the human testis from 121 autopsy cases were histologically examined in 6 topographic parts which were divided by the microangiography, and the findings were discussed in relation to blood supply. Focal depletion of spermiogenesis with thickening of the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules appeared in the fourth and fifth decades and pigmentation of the interstitial cells later. The senile changes were not uniform in severity throughout the testis and were induced in a distribution pattern with a close relation to blood supply. Main arteries of the testis descended along the medial surface to the lower pole and turned up along the lateral surface to the upper pole. On the upward way the main arteries extended branches toward the mediastinum. Therefore, the upper pole and the posterior part adjacent to the mediastinum belonged to the distal area in the arterial supply and showed advanced senile changes in general. Hernia-like protrusions, however, were prevalent in the lower and anterior parts proximal to the arterial trunk.
TL;DR: In this article, Anderson's theory on the nonadiabatic collision broadening of the infrared spectral lines has been applied to CO2-CO2 and CO 2-N2 collisions, and the self-and N2-broadened line widths are calculated on four important bands in the 15μ and 4·3 μ band regions.
Abstract: Anderson's theory on the non-adiabatic collision broadening of the infrared spectral lines has been applied to CO2-CO2 and CO2-N2 collisions. The intermolecular attractive force assumed in this study is that due to either CO2 quadrupole-CO2 quadrupole interaction or CO2 quadrupole-N2 quadrupole interaction. The self-and N2-broadened line widths are calculated on four important bands in the 15μ and 4·3 μ band regions, assuming several different values for the CO2 and N2 quadrupole moments and taking into account the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law of the colliding velocity. The results are then used for the determination of plausible values of CO2 and N2 quadrupole moments by comparing with available experimental results.
TL;DR: In this paper, an electron microscope investigation of slightly reduced rutile (TiOx x= 1·986, 1·94) suggests the existence of a new family of ordered phases, probably TinO 2n-1 (n=15,∼36), derived from rutiles by crystallographic shear on planes parallel to {132}.
Abstract: An electron microscope investigation of slightly reduced rutile (TiOx x= 1·986, 1·94) suggests the existence of a new family of ordered phases, probably TinO 2n-1 (n=15,…∼36), derived from rutile by crystallographic shear on planes parallel to {132}. Still smaller degrees of reduction (x= 1·995) introduce disordered shear planes parallel to {132} and {101}. Some comments on the mechanism of reduction are also included.
TL;DR: It was suggested that ALA synthetase is synthesized originally in the microsomal system and subsequently is transferred into mitochondria and settles there, and the enzyme is probably modified to some extent before or after entering the mitochondria.
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the primary lesion of hyperglycinemia of nonketotic type is a defect in the glyeine cleavage reaction which gives rise to the formation of CO2, methylene-tetrahydrofolate and ammonia from Glyeine.
Abstract: A girl with hyperglycinemia of nonketotic type was presented. The liver biopsied from the patient was studied for glycine metabolism. It was found that the yield of 14CO2 from glyeine-l-14C and the rate of 11C incorporation into serine from glyeine-l-14C as well as glycine-2-14C were extremely low in the patient's liver than in control livers, while the patient's liver showed normal activities of serine-hydroxyrnethylase and serine-dehydratase. These findings indicate that the primary lesion of hyperglycinemia of nonketotic type is a defect in the glyeine cleavage reaction which gives rise to the formation of CO2, methylene-tetrahydrofolate and ammonia from glyeine.
TL;DR: In this article, the angular distributions of fast photoneutrons of energies greater than two bias values of 7.4 MeV and 8.7 MeV were measured for Pb, Bi and Ta at 25.5 MeV end point energy of the bremsstrahlung.
Abstract: Using a stilbene scintillation detector, the angular distributions of fast photoneutrons of energies greater than two bias values of 7.4 MeV and 8.7 MeV were measured for Pb, Bi and Ta at 25.5 MeV end point energy of the bremsstrahlung. For Pb and Bi, the angular distributions were found to be asymmetric about 90 degrees with respect to the gamma-ray beam axis and were strongly peaked in a forward direction, but in the case of Ta not so obviously. The angular distributions were fitted to W(θ)=A+Bsin 2 θ+Ccos θ, using a least squares analysis. The present experiment indicates that, in the high energy region of the (γ, n) spectrum, C/A increases with the detecting threshold energy for neutrons and on the otherwise B/A decreases with the energy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the direct correlation between two particles of species i and j, c i j ( r ), is zero when r is greater than R i j ≡( R i + R j )/2 ( i, j = 1, 2, …, n ).
Abstract: The Ornstein-Zernike relation for an n -component fluid mixture is investigated under the assumption that the direct correlation function between two particles of species i and j , c i j ( r ), is zero when r is greater than R i j ≡( R i + R j )/2 ( i , j =1, 2, …, n ). The relation is transformed so as to involve the radial distribution function g i j ( r ) only for r which is smaller than R i j ( i , j =1, 2, …, n ). The result is applied to a mixture of hard spheres in which R i , giving the range of the direct correlation functions, is assumed to be the diameter of the hard spheres of species i ( i =1, 2, …, n ). The direct correlation functions are found in the explicit forms, which are in complete agreement with those obtained by Lebowitz in case of a binary mixture.
TL;DR: In this article, a general formulation for calculating the wave-number dependence of plasmon damping in metals, including the effects of both the electron-electron and the electron ion interactions, is presented.
Abstract: A new general formulation for calculating the wave-number dependence of plasmon damping in metals, including the effects of both the electron-electron and the electron-ion interactions, is presented. As an important application of the general formalism, the case of an electron gas is investigated. The detailed calculation of the probabilities of plasmon decay by producing two electron-hole pairs is made. The effects of exchange processes are also investigated. The numerical result for the q 2 coefficient of the plasmon damping rate is considerably smaller than that obtained by previous theories. The process of plasmon decay via excitation of one electron-hole pair plus another plasmon is shown to contribute a term of q 6 in contrast with the result of previous theories which predicted it to be of q 4 . The comparison with characteristic energy loss experiments is also discussed briefly.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reexamine the transport properties of the vortex state in a dirty type II superconductor in the high-field region and show that the previous theory by Caroli and Maki predicts the entropy carried by a single vortex line, provided the expression of the heat current is properly corrected.
Abstract: We reexamine here microscopically the transport properties of the vortex state in a dirty type II superconductor in the high-field region We show that the previous theory by Caroli and Maki predicts the entropy carried by a single vortex line, which is consistent with recent experiments, provided the expression of the heat current is properly corrected Furthermore, we show that a large heat delivered by vortex lines together with the normal thermoelectric effect, which persists even in the vortex state, results in a large Hall current in the vortex state This may account for a large Hall effect observed by Niessenet al in Nb-Ta alloys
TL;DR: Plasmalogens, aldehyde-containing phospholipids, were found to occur widely in all four fractions of ruminal microbes obtained after differential centrifugation of sheep rumen contents and the ubiquity of plasmalogen in these anaerobic bac-teria was confirmed.
Abstract: YOSHIYUKI KAMIO, SHIRO KANEGASAKI AND HAJIME TAKAHASHI Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Received April 14, 1969) Plasmalogens, aldehyde-containing phospholipids, were found to occur widely in all four fractions of ruminal microbes obtained after differential centrifugation of sheep rumen contents. Plasmalogens were also detected in ruminal and soil anaerobic bacteria which were obtained by enrichment cultures with various energy sources. They occurred widely in all strictly anaerobic bacteria and Propionibacterium tested. The strains included Desul fovibrio sp., Selenomonas ruminantium, Bacteroides ruminicola, Veillonel-la gazogenes, Peptostreptococcus elsdenii, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Pro-pionibacterium shermanii, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium perfrigens, Clostridium kaneboi, and Clostridium kainantoi. Although the ubiquity of plasmalogens in these anaerobic bac-teria was confirmed, the amount of plasmalogens per unit weight of cells varied considerably depending on bacterial species. Amount of plasmalogens in Selenomonas and Propionibacterium also varied by cultural conditions. However, plasmalogens were not detected in aerobic bacteria and in facultative anaerobic bacteria even when they were cultured under strictly anaerobic conditions.
TL;DR: A novel concept and technique, which may be called a laser-Raman radar system, which is suitable as an air pollution probe in real time, is described.
Abstract: LASER radar techniques have recently been developed for the precise observation of various properties of atmospheric phenomena, relevant for both practical and research purposes1–4. We describe here a novel concept and technique, which may be called a laser-Raman radar system, which is suitable as an air pollution probe in real time.
TL;DR: In this paper, the crystal structure of the interstitial solid solution of alpha titanium-oxygen system has been investigated by a combined method of electron, neutron and X-ray diffraction as functions of composition and annealing temperature.
Abstract: The crystal structure of the interstitial solid solution of alpha titanium-oxygen system has been investigated by a combined method of electron, neutron and X-ray diffraction as functions of composition and annealing temperature. The existence of two-types of interstitial superstructure has been established over nearly the whole composition range below the critical temperature. One of them designated as α' has a layer-ordered structure of the anti-Cd(OH) 2 type (space group P \bar3 m 1) involving out-of-steps with regard to oxygen distribution. The other is a low-temperature form α'' which has a trigonal symmetry (space group P \bar31 c ) with the cell dimension of \(a{=}\sqrt{3}a_{0}\) and c =2 c 0 ( a 0 and c 0 are the lattice constants of the original h.c.p. cell). The oxygen distribution in this phase is generally specified in terms of composition dependent parameters of occupation probabilities for the three octahedral interstitial sites 2(a), 2(c) and 2(d). The structure of α'' at a special composit...
TL;DR: Evidence was obtained that a pyridoxal phosphate enzyme plays a central role in Reactions (c) and (d) and therefore in Reaction (b), which provides a new pathway of glycine synthesis from l -serine, CO 2 and ammonia which had been shown to occur in liver mitochondria from various animals.