Showing papers by "University College Dublin published in 1984"
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, market shares of US tourist expenditure in Europe: an econometric analysis is presented. But the analysis is limited to a single country, namely, the US.
Abstract: (1984). Market shares of US tourist expenditure in Europe: an econometric analysis. Applied Economics: Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 919-931.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the evolution of the system on the choice of initial conditions, and its mechanical properties, was investigated for a simulated two-dimensional soap froth, and the results were set in the context of recent ideas on grain growth, superplastic deformation and the properties of emulsions.
Abstract: Further results are presented for a simulated two-dimensional soap froth. These include the dependence of the evolution of the system on the choice of initial conditions, and its mechanical properties. The results are set in the context of recent ideas on grain growth, superplastic deformation and the properties of emulsions.
133 citations
TL;DR: Corish et al. as discussed by the authors made a theoretical study of defect clustering in fluorite crystals, focusing on the aggregation processes that can occur beyond the dimer stage which was discussed previously (J. A. Corish, C. R. Catlow, P. W. Jacobs, and S. H. Ong).
120 citations
TL;DR: An examination of crystallographic data has indicated that the structure/activity relationship for diorganotin dihalide complexes is different from that of other metal dihalides, in that the Sn-N bond lengths appear to determine the antitumour activity.
117 citations
TL;DR: A very general algorithm is presented here which determines non-overlapping clusters of points which have large linearity, encompassing in the merging criterion both contiguity and linearity.
112 citations
01 Jan 1984
95 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that such strategy will be observed occurring in cycles at the single business-unit level in response to both environmental and organizational stimuli and that it will reflect choice from a limited repertoire of basic strategic moves.
Abstract: Entrepreneurial strategy is characterized as strategy involving widespread and more-or-less simultaneous change in the pattern of decisions taken by an organization. The concept is distinguished from others which use ‘entrepreneurial’ to characterize a long-term pattern of strategic behaviour. Entrepreneurial strategy will be enacted with some greater or lesser frequency by all firms, whether their long-term behaviour is conservative or innovative. It is hypothesized that such strategy will be observed occurring in cycles at the single business-unit level in response to both environmental and organizational stimuli and that it will reflect choice from a limited repertoire of basic strategic moves.
92 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The most abundant element in the whole Earth (35 wt. %), but it represents only 5% of the mass, and less than 2% of atoms in the crust as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Silicate minerals are the commonest accessible materials on Earth. Thanks to the strong affinity of silicon for oxygen and the low density of the resulting oxides (3 g/cm3) compared with the average global density (5.5 g/cm3). Well over 90% of the crust is made up of silicates. Other elements are concentrated in the upper layers of the Earth when they form particularly stable simple oxides or complex oxides with Si02, and just eight elements together account for nearly 99% of the crustal mass. After oxygen and silicon itself come aluminum, iron, and four alkali or alkaline earth elements. Aluminosilicates are therefore the principal terrestrial minerals. Iron is believed from the evidence of meteoritic and stellar abundances, and the Earth’s density profile, to be the most abundant element in the whole Earth (35 wt. %), but it represents only 5% of the mass, and the less than 2% of the atoms in the crust. No other useful Mossbauer element is sufficiently plentiful for it to appear as a significant constituent of common natural minerals (e.g., Sn 2 ppm; Sb 0.2 ppm; Dy 3 ppm). The striking fact that 94% of the crust, by volume, is made of oxygen reflects the large ionic radius of O2−, 1.40 A, and the elementary principle of crystal chemistry that the structures of oxides, silicates included, are basically closely packed arrays of oxygen anions with small metallic cations in the interstices. Figure 1 summarizes the composition of the crust by mass, number of atoms, and volume, thereby situating in a global context the subject matter of this chapter—silicate minerals containing iron along with varying amounts of other major elements.
90 citations
TL;DR: A quantitative procedure for analyzing and comparing distortion in mental maps is presented using a microcomputer and digitizer, and by developing a distortion index, comparisons are made by direct analysis of mental maps.
Abstract: A quantitative procedure for analyzing and comparing distortion in mental maps is presented. Using a microcomputer and digitizer, and by developing a distortion index, comparisons are made by direct analysis of mental maps. A case study of the mental maps of Israel of high school and university students showed a tendency to generalize shape to simple geometric forms, with foreshortening of north-south lines and exaggeration of east-west distances.
88 citations
TL;DR: The rabbit oviduct is still useful as an experimental tool in the manipulation of embryos from the domestic species as it has been used for the short term storage of agar cylinders and has been found to be unsuitable because of the high rate of degeneration of Agar chips.
TL;DR: An investigation of the landing and engorging sites of midges on a bait horse was made in Ireland as part of a project examining the aetiology of sweet itch, finding areas along the dorsal midline of the body are predilection sites for sweet itch lesions and are preferential engorged sites also.
Abstract: Summary
An investigation of the landing and engorging sites of midges on a bait horse was made in Ireland as part of a project examining the aetiology of sweet itch. Ten species were recovered, seven of which engorged. Culicoides obsoletus and C dewulfi were the most commonly represented, accounting for 89.9 per cent of midges landing and 90.5 per cent of midges engorging. Only 4.69 per cent of midges attracted to the bait were C pulicaris. Overall, the preferential landing sites for midges were along the mane and lower leg regions. Few culicoides were attracted to the head, front and underside of the animal. Two species, C punctatus and C nubeculosus, fed exclusively at the predilection sites of sweet itch but in very small numbers. C pulicaris fed predominantly at these sites also and represented 5.08 per cent of the engorging catch.
Of 10,178 midges attracted to the bait, 4097 (40.3 per cent) engorged; the majority of the species taking full blood meals fed on the mane and lower legs. Midges biting in other areas tended to have smaller meals.
Areas along the dorsal midline of the body are predilection sites for sweet itch lesions and are preferential engorging sites also. However, considerable engorgement occurred on the lower legs where sweet itch lesions do not occur.
TL;DR: In this article, the propagation of elliptically polarised inhomogeneous, time-harmonic plane waves is studied and a simple direct formulation of the eigenvalue problem for these waves is given.
Abstract: This paper deals with the propagation of elliptically polarised inhomogeneous, time-harmonic plane waves. Such waves arise in many areas. Examples include Rayleigh, Love and Stoneley waves in classical linear isotropic elasticity theory, gravity waves in ideal fluids, TE and TM waves in electromagnetism, and viscoelastic waves. For the most part even though the applications given here are in the theory of isotropic and anisotropic elastic bodies, it should be apparent that the results have application in other areas, such as electromagnetism. The purpose of the paper is to show how the theory of complex vectors, or “bivectors”as Hamilton and Gibbs called them, may be used to give results on the polarisations of inhomogeneous plane waves. Also, the use of bivectors leads to a simple direct formulation of the eigenvalue problem for these waves.
TL;DR: A number of sub-classes of this problem are distinguished, arising out of whether or not a dendrogram is considered to be binary, labelled and ranked, and results are reviewed for each.
TL;DR: Spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of these plasma emissions are presented together with an application of the source to soft x-ray lithography.
Abstract: A 10-Hz Nd:YAG laser system with 0.6-J, 25-nsec pulses was used to produce plasmas which emitted strongly in the soft x-ray region. Spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of these plasma emissions are presented together with an application of the source to soft x-ray lithography.
TL;DR: Since plasminogen activator is an estradiol-inducible enzyme, its measurement in breast carcinomas might be a marker for a functional estrogen receptor.
TL;DR: A comparative investigation has shown the Baermann funnel technique to be significantly more effective in isolating endoparasitic nematophagous fungi than the soil sprinkling method.
Abstract: A comparative investigation has shown the Baermann funnel technique to be significantly more effective in isolating endoparasitic nematophagous fungi than the soil sprinkling method. However, the Baermann funnel technique was not able to isolate all the endoparasites present in a soil sample, and in 34.4% of the infected sites examined, extra data on species distribution was obtained using the soil sprinkling method. The results indicate that the Baermann funnel technique is influenced by the indigenous nematode population density.
TL;DR: Observations indicate that the fall in SHBG levels during the second decade of life occurs irrespective of androgen activity and is under the control of other unidentified influences.
Abstract: The plasma concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex steroids determine the nonprotein bound or free steroid fraction, which probably exerts the biological activity of sex steroids. Androgens lower and estrogens raise SHBG levels. The established pubertal fall in SHBG levels occurring in men has been attributed to rising androgen levels. In this study we examined the relationship between plasma SHBG and androgens in four men with untreated isolated gonadotropin deficiency and in two siblings with complete androgen insensitivity. In patients with untreated isolated gonadotropin deficiency there was a highly significant inverse correlation between SHBG levels and age (r = -0.9, P less than 0.001), although testosterone levels did not rise and there was no relationship between SHBG levels and testosterone, androstenedione, or dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. Two 46 XY siblings, who were phenotypic females, with complete androgen insensitivity had a marked decline in SHBG levels from 28.0 ng/ml at 9 yr to 17.1 ng/ml at 13 yr and from 15.2 ng/ml at 12 yr to 8.1 ng/ml at 16 yr, respectively. These observations indicate that the fall in SHBG levels during the second decade of life occurs irrespective of androgen activity and is under the control of other unidentified influences.
TL;DR: The incorporation of 2-succinylbenzoate into lucidin-3-primeveroside, mollugin and the diglucoside in the mode so far proposed for rubiaceous anthraquinones was verified by administration of 13C-labelled 2-SuccinylBenzoate to the cell cultures.
TL;DR: In this article, numerical solutions of the governing equations for three plane flows: the laminar free jet, the developing turbulent free jet and the turbulent impinging jet for different ratios h/b of the nozzle height h above the plate to the nozzle width b are presented.
Abstract: Numerical solutions are presented of the governing equations for three plane flows: the laminar free jet; the developing turbulent free jet; and the turbulent impinging jet for different ratios h/b of the nozzle height h above the plate to the nozzle width b.The accuracy of the numerical procedure is demonstrated by comparing the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for the laminar-flow case with their analytical boundary-layer solution. For turbulent flows these equations are solved after Reynolds averaging. Closure is achieved by a two-equation turbulence model in conjunction with three alternative algebraic expressions for the turbulent stresses. The capabilities of such an approach are illustrated by the extent and consistency of the predictions and the satisfactory agreement of the measurable quantities with the more reliable experimental data in the literature. The limitations of the models employed, evident from their lack of universality, are discussed in the light of their derivation from more complex ‘single-point’ closures.Features of the flows studied of interest include: the near-nozzle behaviour of a ‘finite’ laminar free jet; the potential core and transition regions of a turbulent free jet, along with the fully developed similarity profiles; the enhanced heat-transfer characteristics of impinging jet flows; and the similarity of the developing wall jet after impingement to the standard wall-jet configuration.
TL;DR: This paper describes how to take advantage of the coefficient matrix for the “normal equations” for least-squares estimates of discrete unit hydrographs (DUH) is symmetric Toeplitz to reduce both the data storage and arithmetic computation requirements of computer programs for estimating DUH's.
TL;DR: Ninety-one percent of Salix aquatica cv.
Abstract: Ninety-one percent of Salix aquatica cv. gigantea litter disappeared within 6 months from experimental cages containing Lumbricus terrestris L. in reclaimed peat, compared with only 28% when L. terrestris was absent. Litter consumption rate was 6–9 mg dry wt g −1 fresh wt day −1 in the field and 10–15 mg g −1 fresh wt day −1 in the laboratory at 15°C. Maximum growth rate in the field was 4mg fresh wt g − day − and 4.55 mg in the laboratory. Cocoon production in the field was 1.3worm −1 month −1 and 2.1 in the laboratory. Mean gut contents were 48-23 mg dry wt g −1 fresh wt over the size range 1–6 g fresh wt and gut transit time was 10h. It was estimated that a Lumbricus biomass of 100gm −2 could consume 1.34 kg soil m −2 yr −1 .
TL;DR: The long term use of β-blockers alone in the management of hyperthyroidism cannot be recommended except in mild and transient forms of the disorder such as postpartum thyrotoxicosis, and a failure to objectively assess individual patient dosage requirements.
Abstract: There is an increasing use and variety of β-adrenoceptor blocking agents (β-blockers) available for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Recent comparative studies suggest that atenolol (200mg daily), metoprolol (200mg daily), acebutolol (400mg daily), oxprenolol (160mg daily), nadolol (80mg daily) and timolol (20mg daily) produce a beneficial clinical response equal to that seen with propranolol (160mg daily). Most β-blockers reduce resting heart rate by approximately 25 to 30 beats/min, although a lesser reduction is seen with those possessing intrinsic sympathomimetic activity such as oxprenolol and pindolol While earlier studies employing large doses of intravenous propranolol concluded that β-blockade reduced myocardial contractility, more recent non-invasive studies suggest that the predominant cardiac effect is on heart rate. In patients with cardiac failure, β-blockers may, however, produce a profound fall in cardiac output. Nevertheless, in combination with digoxin they may be useful in controlling the atrial fibrillation of thyrocardiac disease. β-Blockers improve nervousness and tremor (although to a lesser extent with cardioselective agents) and severe myopathy, and they also reduce the frequency of paralysis in patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. There is often subjective improvement in sweating but usually no major effect on eye signs. Recent studies show a 10% reduction in oxygen consumption/basal metabolic rate with long term oral use of selective or nonselective β-blockers. In addition, many agents (propranolol, metoprolol, nadolol and sotalol but not acebutolol, atenolol or oxprenolol) reduce circulating tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration by between 10 and 40%, although the clinical significance of this effect (if any) is not established. β-Blockers may also have endocrinological effects on gastrin, cyclic AMP, catecholamines and other hormone levels. Given in adequate dosage, propranolol has been shown to control thyrotoxic hypercalcaemia. Minor side effects (nausea, headaches, tiredness, etc.) are quite common but overall β-blockers are well tolerated by the thyrotoxic patient. The major use of these drugs is in symptomatic control while awaiting definitive diagnosis or treatment. As an adjunct to antithyroid drugs or radioactive iodine, β-blockers will produce a satisfactory clinical response in the weeks to months before these forms of therapy produce a euthyroid state. β-Blockers are more convenient than antithyroid drugs in the control of patients receiving therapeutic radioiodine, in that continuous therapy and assessment of biochemical response is possible. The long term use of β-blockers alone in the management of hyperthyroidism cannot be recommended except in mild and transient forms of the disorder such as postpartum thyrotoxicosis. There is increasing use of β-blockers to prepare patients for partial thyroidectomy. Given in adequate dosage and continued postoperatively, the clinical course is similar to conventional therapy but with a major reduction in the time to prepare patients, a greater flexibility in timing of surgery, and a decreased gland vascularity. However, this regimen, even with the addition of iodide, is not suitable for the more severely toxic patient. Of almost 1000 patients studied, approximately 3% showed exaggeration of toxic symptoms postoperatively. Cases of thyroid storm (crisis) have been associated with low dosage (160 mg/day propranolol or less), omission of critical postoperative doses, and a failure to objectively assess individual patient dosage requirements. A long acting β-blocker, nadolol, appears more convenient to use than propranolol in the perioperative setting, β-Blockers are now standard therapy in the management of thyroid storm but their use in pregnancy is somewhat controversial, as occasional cases of neonatal bradycardia have been reported. They may, however, be used for short term control as adjunctive therapy to antithyroid drugs or to prepare the patient for mid-trimester thyroidectomy. Added to conventional therapy, β-blockers have proved useful in some cases of neonatal thyrotoxicosis. The clearance of β-blockers that undergo extensive hepatic metabolism such as propranolol and metoprolol is increased in hyperthyroidism, while that of renally excreted agents such as atenolol and sotalol is unchanged. There is a wide interindividual variation in plasma concentrations in patients receiving the same dosage, particularly with propranolol where age and smoking habits are important determinants. Concentration-effect relationships for propranolol, metoprolol and nadolol are becoming apparent. Plasma propranolol concentrations are correlated with the degree of objective response (heart rate reduction, β-blockade, weight change and reduction in serum T3 concentrations) but not with the subjective response. Long-acting propranolol or nadolol given once daily appear to give adequate control. Where a cardioselective agent is indicated there is little to choose between atenolol and metoprolol. Otherwise, our long term experience with propranolol suggests that it is suitable for most situations. However, irrespective of which β-blocker is chosen, individualisation of dosage is necessary to produce a high degree of β-blockade.
TL;DR: The changes in the expression of D2 during development of cerebellar nerve cells in culture suggest that anodic D2 is preferentially expressed on nerve cells that are proliferating, migrating, or in the initial stages of differentiation, whereas cathodic D1 is associated with differentiated neurones.
Abstract: The expression of the neurone-specific D2 protein changes both quantitatively and qualitatively during development in vivo and in cultures of cerebellar nerve cells. The total D2 content per unit protein shows a twofold increase in vivo from birth to postnatal day 6, after which it declines progressively to about 50% of the maximal value. This increase can be accounted for by an immature form of the protein anodic D2 being preferentially expressed at the early stages of cerebellar development. After postnatal day 9 this form gradually switches to a mature form cathodic D2. This switch can be mimicked by neuraminidase treatment, suggesting a developmental loss of sialic acid from the D2 protein. In freshly isolated cells the total D2 content per unit protein is only 30% of that in the corresponding intact tissue from 8-day-old cerebella, but it increases rapidly during the first 8 days of culture to levels similar to those of the equivalent age in vivo. The switch from anodic D2 to cathodic D2 also occurs at a faster rate in culture, probably reflecting the culture conditions that favour differentiation. The changes in the expression of D2 during development of cerebellar nerve cells in culture suggest that anodic D2 is preferentially expressed on nerve cells that are proliferating, migrating, or in the initial stages of differentiation, whereas cathodic D2 is associated with differentiated neurones. The transition between the two forms appears to occur during the formation of interneuronal contacts.
TL;DR: Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that cytosolic glutamine synthetases isolated from the leaves of different plant species were very similar proteins.
Abstract: Cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) was purified to homogeneity from etiolated barley leaves by DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific antibodies against the purified protein were raised by the immunization of rabbits. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that cytosolic glutamine synthetases isolated from the leaves of different plant species were very similar proteins. Good recognition of other cytosolic glutamine synthetases from roots, root nodular tissue and seeds by barley GS1 antibodies was obtained, suggesting that they too are all quite similar proteins. In contrast, chloroplast glutamine synthetase (GS2) was considered to be a different protein in view of its low level of recognition by barley GS1 antibodies.
TL;DR: For many years Kenneth Connells classic Population of Ireland has been a major source of inspiration to historians and demographers and the resulting research which has either elaborated or criticized Connell's work is the subject of this survey.
Abstract: For many years Kenneth Connells classic Population of Ireland has been a major source of inspiration to historians and demographers. The resulting research which has either elaborated or criticized Connells work is the subject of this survey. An explanation of the logic underlying recent revisions of Connells often quoted pre-censal estimates is followed by a reassessment of the role of shifts in fertility mortality and emigration in accounting for the course of population growth between 1700 and the great Famine. (EXCERPT)
TL;DR: In this article, the subject-to-subject raising relationship is analysed in a different language, Modern Irish, and the range of possible target-position or host-position for Raising is discussed.
Abstract: It was in an attempt to elucidate the central properties of this relationship that the transformation of Subject (to Subject) Raising was first proposed (Rosenbaum 1967, Kiparsky & Kiparsky 1971, Postal 1974). It is with this 'Raising relationship' that I will be concerned in this paper, though in a different language-Modern Irish. There are many points of controversy concerning the proper analysis of this relationship in current work. It is, for instance, a matter of dispute whether or not it is properly seen as a transformational relationship (whether or not it involves syntactic movement). I will not take a position on that question here. However, we will need terminology; I will therefore frequently use terms associated with the classical movement analysis. It should be understood that this is an expository convenience, and implies no commitment to any of the currently-available options for the analysis of such constructions. I will also take for granted here what is widely assumed (but which is not obviously correct; see Seiter 1979a, 1979b), namely that only subjects of nonfinite clauses may 'be Raised'. The dispute I will be concerned with is that concerning the range of positions to which a complement subject may legally be Raised. What is the range of possible target-positions or host-positions for Raising? It seems to be uncontroversial that NP's may be Raised to subject position. Raising to
TL;DR: It is concluded that the different sources of delta‐antigen used may account for the different sensitivities noted, and that delta antigenaemia in acute infection may be more frequently detectable than was first thought.
Abstract: A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, EIA) was developed for the detection of delta antigen in serum treated with Tween 20. The serum delta antigen so derived was used in an ELISA for anti-delta. Both tests were specific and more sensitive than radioimmunoassay (RIA) when applied to testing parenteral drug abusers. It is concluded that the different sources of delta-antigen used may account for the different sensitivities noted, and that delta antigenaemia in acute infection may be more frequently detectable than was first thought, amounting to 71% of those with delta infection in this study and that these sera are a convenient alternative source of antigen.
TL;DR: A dose-response relationship has been established for the effect of amiloride in reducing fractional excretion of magnesium and potassium during frusemide diuresis in rats, and further studies are required to establish the precise mechanism(s) involved in the drug's magnesium-sparing properties.
Abstract: Diuretic-induced magnesium losses may contribute significantly to magnesium deficiency. Loop diuretics especially cause major losses of urinary magnesium. Our initial experiments in saline-loaded rats indicated that frusemide greatly increased magnesium excretion, while bendrofluazide caused no significant change and triamterene actually decreased magnesium excretion. Therefore, not all diuretics are magnesium-wasting. There is evidence that the potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride may also exert magnesium-sparing properties. In saline-loaded rats, the magnesium-sparing effect of amiloride was demonstrated when the drug was administered either alone or in combination with frusemide. Renal clearance studies in rats indicated that the magnesium-sparing effect of amiloride was a direct renal action and not secondary to possible extrarenal actions. A dose-response relationship has been established for the effect of amiloride in reducing fractional excretion of magnesium and potassium during frusemide diuresis in rats. Congestive heart failure patients being treated with frusemide were found to be both potassium- and magnesium-deficient, as indicated by reduced lymphocyte concentrations of potassium and magnesium. In these patients, amiloride reduced urinary magnesium and potassium, increased plasma magnesium and potassium, and also increased lymphocyte magnesium and potassium. The effects of amiloride most likely involve enhanced reabsorption of magnesium, but further studies are required to establish the precise mechanism(s) involved in the drug’s magnesium-sparing properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, the caracteres des representations permutation de G sur les co-ensembles de a la fois U et M are studied. And les caractes des representations of G on the co-ensembles of U and M are analyzed.
Abstract: Soit q une puissance d'un nombre premier p et soit G=GL(n,q 2 ) le groupe lineaire general de degre n sur GF(q 2 ). Soit U=U(n,q) le groupe unitaire de degre n sur GF(q 2 ) et M=GL(n,q) le groupe lineaire general sur GF(q). On etudie les caracteres des representations permutation de G sur les co-ensembles de a la fois U et M