Institution
University of Birmingham
Education•Birmingham, United Kingdom•
About: University of Birmingham is a education organization based out in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 51794 authors who have published 115304 publications receiving 4335316 citations. The organization is also known as: Birmingham University & Uni of Birmingham.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Health care, Randomized controlled trial, Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The concept that normal pregnancy is associated with an elevation in the number of TReg cells which may be important in maintaining materno‐fetal tolerance is supported.
Abstract: Summary CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (TReg), suppress antigen-specific immune responses and are important for allograft tolerance. During pregnancy the mother tolerates an allograft expressing paternal antigens (the fetus) requiring substantial changes in immune regulation over a programmed period of time. We analysed whether immune-suppressive TReg cells were altered during pregnancy and therefore might play a part in this tolerant state. The presence of TReg cells was assessed in the blood of 25 non-pregnant, 63 pregnant and seven postnatal healthy women by flow cytometry. We observed an increase in circulating TReg cells during early pregnancy, peaking during the second trimester and then a decline postpartum. Isolated CD25+ CD4+ cells expressed FoxP3 messenger RNA, a marker of TReg cells, and suppressed proliferative responses of autologous CD4+ CD25- T cells to allogeneic dendritic cells. These data support the concept that normal pregnancy is associated with an elevation in the number of TReg cells which may be important in maintaining materno-fetal tolerance.
734 citations
••
TL;DR: In the absence of crossreactive neutralizing antibodies, CD8+ T cells specific to conserved viral epitopes correlated with crossprotection against symptomatic influenza, which could guide universal influenza vaccine development.
Abstract: The role of T cells in mediating heterosubtypic protection against natural influenza illness in humans is uncertain. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) provided a unique natural experiment to determine whether crossreactive cellular immunity limits symptomatic illness in antibody-naive individuals. We followed 342 healthy adults through the UK pandemic waves and correlated the responses of pre-existing T cells to the pH1N1 virus and conserved core protein epitopes with clinical outcomes after incident pH1N1 infection. Higher frequencies of pre-existing T cells to conserved CD8 epitopes were found in individuals who developed less severe illness, with total symptom score having the strongest inverse correlation with the frequency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)(+) interleukin-2 (IL-2)(-) CD8(+) T cells (r = -0.6, P = 0.004). Within this functional CD8(+)IFN-γ(+)IL-2(-) population, cells with the CD45RA(+) chemokine (C-C) receptor 7 (CCR7)(-) phenotype inversely correlated with symptom score and had lung-homing and cytotoxic potential. In the absence of crossreactive neutralizing antibodies, CD8(+) T cells specific to conserved viral epitopes correlated with crossprotection against symptomatic influenza. This protective immune correlate could guide universal influenza vaccine development.
734 citations
••
Virginia Mason Medical Center1, University of Birmingham2, University of São Paulo3, University of Michigan4, Toronto General Hospital5, Newcastle University6, University of Cologne7, Allegheny Health Network8, Keio University9, University of Pennsylvania10, University of Hong Kong11, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven12, University of Oxford13, Pompeu Fabra University14, University of Rochester15, Tata Memorial Hospital16, Trinity College, Dublin17, University of Queensland18, Erasmus University Rotterdam19
TL;DR: The proposed system for defining and recording perioperative complications associated with esophagectomy provides an infrastructure to standardize international data collection and facilitate future comparative studies and quality improvement projects.
Abstract: Introduction: Perioperative complications influence long- and short-term outcomes after esophagectomy. The absence of a standardized system for defining and recording complications and quality measures after esophageal resection has meant that there is wide variation in evaluating their impact on these outcomes. Methods: The Esophageal Complications Consensus Group comprised 21 high-volume esophageal surgeons from 14 countries, supported by all the major thoracic and upper gastrointestinal professional societies. Delphi surveys and group meetings were used to achieve a consensus on standardized methods for defining complications and quality measures that could be collected in institutional databases and national audits. Results: A standardized list of complications was created to provide a template for recording individual complications associated with esophagectomy. Where possible, these were linked to preexisting international definitions. A Delphi survey facilitated production of specific definitions for anastomotic leak, conduit necrosis, chyle leak, and recurrent nerve palsy. An additional Delphi survey documented consensus regarding critical quality parameters recommended for routine inclusion in databases. These quality parameters were documentation on mortality, comorbidities, completeness of data collection, blood transfusion, grading of complication severity, changes in level of care, discharge location, and readmission rates. Conclusions: The proposed system for defining and recording perioperative complications associated with esophagectomy provides an infrastructure to standardize international data collection and facilitate future comparative studies and quality improvement projects.
733 citations
••
TL;DR: The global HCC BRIDGE study was a multiregional, large‐scale, longitudinal cohort study undertaken to improve understanding of real‐life management of patients with HCC, from diagnosis to death.
Abstract: Background & Aims
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The global HCC BRIDGE study was a multiregional, large-scale, longitudinal cohort study undertaken to improve understanding of real-life management of patients with HCC, from diagnosis to death.
731 citations
••
TL;DR: Measurements of the concentrations of airborne material near dominant sources are reviewed for both area sources, and for point sources such as sewage and waste treatment works, agricultural practices, and diseased animals.
730 citations
Authors
Showing all 52384 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Paul G. Richardson | 183 | 1533 | 155912 |
Jie Zhang | 178 | 4857 | 221720 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Masayuki Yamamoto | 171 | 1576 | 123028 |
Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
Dennis R. Burton | 164 | 683 | 90959 |
J. E. Brau | 162 | 1949 | 157675 |
L. Joseph Melton | 161 | 531 | 97861 |
Paul Emery | 158 | 1314 | 121293 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
David H. Adams | 155 | 1613 | 117783 |
Julian Parkhill | 149 | 759 | 104736 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
Robert A. Kyle | 146 | 1221 | 89997 |