Showing papers by "University of California published in 1969"

Rarefied Gas Dynamics

Abstract: Rarefied gas dynamics is concerned with flows at such low density that the molecular mean free path is not negligible. Under these conditions, the gas no longer behaves as a continuum. Important modifications in aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics occur which are ascribable to the basic molecular structure of the gas.

Ventricular fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome∗

Abstract: In a 27 year old white woman with a 5 to 10 year history of bouts of palpitations, documented ventricular fibrillation developed and was treated effectively with electrical defibrillation. Multiple subsequent electrocardiograms revealed the presence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The patient was studied extensively, and no evidence of organic heart disease was obtained. This report suggests that the Wolff-Parkinson-White anomaly is more than just an innocuous electrocardiographic finding and may be a potentially fatal condition.

Logic with Truth Values in a Linearly Ordered Heyting Algebra

Abstract: It is known that the theorems of the intuitionist predicate calculus are exactly those formulas which are valid in every Heyting algebra (that is, pseudo-Boolean algebra). The simplest kind of Heyting algebra is a linearly ordered set. This paper concerns the question of determining all formulas which are valid in every linearly ordered Heyting algebra. The question is of interest because it is a particularly simple case intermediate between the intuitionist and classical logics. Also the interpretation of implication is such that in general there exists no nondiscrete Hausdorff topology for which this operation is continuous.

Rational-Choice Models of Political Behavior vs. Functionalist and Conformist Theories

Abstract: After a virtual neglect for several decades, in the last twenty years renewed interest has been shown in a general theory of social behavior. Most of this theoretical work has depended on two main postulates. One is the functionalist (sometimes called structural-functional) approach to the explanation of social institutions, based on the assumption that the social institutions of a given society can best be understood in terms of their social functions, that is, in terms of the contributions they make to the maintenance of social systems as a whole. For lack of an established technical term, we shall call the other postulate the conformist approach to the explanation of individual behavior, it is based on the assumption that uniformities of individual behavior in a given society can best be understood in terms of certain commonly accepted social values, which most members of the society tend to internalize during their socialization process.

A remark on bound states in potential-scattering theory

Abstract: Let ℋ = ℋB + ℋC be the Hilbert space of ann-particle quantum system, where ℋB is spanned by the bound states and ℋC corresponds to the continuous spectrum of the Hamiltonian. It is shown that the wave functions which are in some sense localized in space and energy form a compact set in ℋ. This is used to prove that a wave packet ψ remains localized at finite distance for all time if ψ∈ℋB, and that it disappears at infinity if ψ∈ℋC.

Trigger Features, Adaptation and Economy of Impulses

Abstract: About ten years ago I became fascinated by the notion that a very important part of sensory information processing consisted of recoding messages into a less redundant form at sensory relays and centers (Attneave, 1956; Barlow, 1959, 1961a, b). This is a suitable opportunity to have another look at this notion in the light of more recent advances. First, I will briefly recapitulate the idea.

Some aspects of assessing efficiency of natural enemies.

Abstract: Drawing retrospectively and collectively on results of a single individual and his associates covering some 22 years of field and laboratory studies, the authors present three documented case histories of technically complete biological control. They use these examples to illustrate the potential for greater use of this method of pest control, and they discuss the theory of biological control as related to whether or not introductions of a complex of enemy species will inherently lead to competitive interference and a lesser degree of control than if only the "best" species were introduced. They conclude that the three case histories are a refutation of this thesis, as are certain theoretical considerations, and the net results from all biological control programs on a worldwide basis.The authors also point to weaknesses in the use of currently available methods for quantitatively rating or appraising the control and regulating power of density-dependent factors that act with a lag (entomophagous parasites and predators), and emphasize chat regression and modelling methods should be used in conjunction with "check-methods" or other experimental means.

Polydipsia in the pigeon

Abstract: Overdrinking was demonstrated in a single pigeon when session water intake under a number of relatively long intermittent schedules of reinforcement was compared with levels of drinking in several control conditions. Overdrinking was found to be specifically related to certain reinforcement conditions (2-min fixed and variable-interval schedules) as well as to the location of the water source in the experimental chamber. Moreover, drinking increased considerably following 3 days of interpolated extinction.

Toward a Model of Academic Integrity Institutionalization: Informing Practice in Postsecondary Education

Abstract: The strategic choices facing higher education in confronting problems of academic misconduct need to be rethought. Using institutional theory, a model of academic integrity institutionalization is proposed that delineates four stages and a pendulum metaphor. A case study is provided to illustrate how the model can be used by postsecondary institutions as a stimulus for specifying points of change resistance and developing a common understanding of institutionalization challenges. This article bridges theory and practice in the academic integrity movement, questions assumptions about leadership of the process, and anticipates fresher approaches to examining the relationship between the teaching and research missions. Les etablissements d’enseignement superieur doivent reconsiderer leurs choix strategiques en matiere de manques a la probite intellectuelle. Cet article utilise la theorie institutionnelle pour proposer un modele d’institutionalisation de la probite intellectuelle, identifi ant quatre phases et utilisant une metaphore du pendule. Une etude de cas permet d’illustrer comment le modele peut etre mis en œuvre dans les institutions d’enseignement superieur. Les resultats observes encouragent la preparation de nouvelles etudes de cas qui identifi eront les sources de resistance au changement et faciliteront l’emergence d’une comprehension commune des diffi cultes a surmonter. L’article comble ainsi une lacune entre la theorie et la pratique au sein du mouvement pour la probite intellectuelle, interroge les presuppositions relatives au leadership de la demarche et anticipe de nouvelles approches quant a la relation entre les missions d’enseignement et de recherche.

Relative Wages and the Rate of Inflation

Abstract: I. Introduction, 353. — II. A price-price inflation, 355. — III. A wage-wage inflation, 363. — IV. Spontaneous inflations and general equilibrium, 371. — V. Conclusions, 373.

Power System Transient Control by Capacitor Switching

Abstract: Inserting and removing a series capacitor in a transmission line can remove the oscillatory transients due to a fault. The capacitor should be inserted in the remaining transmission lines when the fault is detected and removed by short circuiting when the time rate of change of power flow through the capacitor is zero or the rate of change of phase angle between line terminations is zero. The capacitor should be reinserted when the kinetic energy due to speed deviations equals the amount of kinetic energy that can be removed during the remaining swing to the target state independent of whether or not the line is restored to service.

Experimental approaches to pesticide photodecomposition.

Abstract: The past few years have witnessed a rapidly increasing interest in the decomposition (“metabolism”) of pesticides by micro-organisms, animals, and higher plants. Although the influence of non-living environmental forces on pesticides has been observed or suspected for decades, the significance of heat, light, air, surfaces, and moisture bas received relatively little scientific attention. In fact, such processes as the conversion of P—S to P—O compounds, the hydrolysis of organ-phosphorous insecticides, the decomposition of dithiocarbamate fungicides to isothiocyanates in soil, and the dehydrohalogenation of diphenylmethane insecticides, generally thought to be restricted to the domain of living organisms, are carried out efficiently by physical forces alone (Crosby 1968 a).

Stress-strain transducer charge coupled to a piezoelectric material

Abstract: A piezoelectric material is connected to a semiconductor having source and drain electrodes at opposite ends thereof. The piezoelectric material is charge coupled to the semiconductor and spaces and electrically insulated the semiconductor and spaces and electrically insulates the semiconductor from a gate electrode disposed between the source and the drain. Application of a voltage to the source and drain and of a constant voltage to the gate and source causes a current flow which is a function of the stress-strain to which the piezoelectric material is subjected and can thus be employed to indicate the magnitude of such stress-strain.

Waves and wave drag in stratified flows

Abstract: Waves in a stratified flow are a prominent and dramatic feature in the lee of a mountain range that stands athwart the prevailing winds, such as the Sierra Nevada in California or the Southern Alps in New Zealand. These waves produce striking cloud patterns, have been responsible for world records and fatal crashes in sailplanes, and may be responsible for a significant fraction of the momentum exchange between the Earth and its atmosphere. They are basically gravity waves, in the sense that they owe their existence to the buoyant force of gravity in a stably stratified fluid, and are excited by flow over an obstacle in such a fluid. Examples of wave-induced clouds on the lee sides of the southern Andes, the Sierra Nevada, and Mount Fujiyama are shown in Figs. 1–3, in inverse order of scaleThe first two patterns are quasi-two-dimensional, whereas the third (Fujiyama) is essentially three-dimensional. The first is of continental scale, in consequence of which the Coriolis force associated with rotation of the Earth might be a significant factor.

Insecticide residues in California citrus fruits and products.

Abstract: Prior to about 1945 it was not realized that spray and dust deposits of most organic insecticidal1 chemicals penetrated, in the field, into subsurface regions of sprayed citrus fruits, even though they were generally nonsystemic in action, as with some of the DN compounds and rotenone. Also, emphasis on “residues” (deposits) prior to this same time was on correlations with pest-control efficacy rather than on safe consumption of the treated commodity, so that initial deposits and aged deposits were most often obtained as weight of insecticide per unit areas of leaf (foliage) tissue2 rather than on and in mature fruits, as with sulfur, lime-sulfur, and lead arsenate, because insect populations were usually evaluated on leaves or twigs rather than on fruits. In connection with the field performance of DDT and other new insecticides against insects and mites in citriculture, however, it was realized shortly after 1940 that the slow disappearance or attenuation from leaves of these (DDT) surface deposits and effective residues from organic pesticides signified at least partial penetration into subsurface tissues (Gunther 1946 and Gunther et al. 1946).

‘Already’ and ‘yet’: a suppletive set of aspect-markers?

Abstract: The present study arose out of an investigation of whether already and yet as in He has left already, *He has left yet, IHe hasn't left already, He hasn't left yet formed a suppletion set that matches some →any, sometimes → ever, etc. as in They want some love, *They want any love, ?They don't want some love, They don't want any love (for discussion of some, sometimes, too, etc. cf. Klima, 1964; Fillmore, 1967; UCLA, 1967: Negation). Various observations about the restriction of already and yet to certain tenses and aspects, and about their failure to match with many adverbs of time, led to an investigation of whether already and yet were really adverbs of time, as is usually assumed. The conclusions we reached are that already and yet indeed form a suppletion set (with certain limitations not shared by other suppletives), but that they cannot usefully be treated as time adverbs. Rather, they seem to have close connexions with perfect aspect. The arguments presented here in support of this hypothesis are by no means exhaustive but will hopefully provide a suggestive contribution toward the study of both adverbs and aspects.

Extended sleep and performance: The Rip Van Winkle effect

Abstract: An investigation was undertaken of the possible effects upon performance of sleep in excess of that habitually taken. Twelve Ss worked on 15-min vigilance and calculation tasks on 2 successive days 30min after either 8 or 11 h of nocturnal sleep. The order of sleep length and task presentation was counterbalanced among Ss. Performance on the vigilance task was significantly poorer after 11 h of sleep than after 8hof sleep (p <.05). Performance on the calculation task was unaffected by the sleep condition. The results indicate that extended sleep can produce decrements in performance similar to those which occur with sleep deprivation.

A guiding centre Vlasov equation and its application to Alfvén waves

Abstract: Guiding center Vlasov equation derived dielectric tensor of collisionless plasma, obtaining dispersion relation of Alfven waves in warm plasma

Primary cystic carcinoma of the liver

Abstract: A case is reported in which a large solitary cystic lesion of the liver was present for more than two years before it was excised. During this period it was misdiagnosed and the patient was treated for ascites and then later for a pseudocyst of the pancreas. The first biopsy of the cyst was interpreted as showing a benign lesion, but at a later operation, biopsy showed cholangiocarcinoma and the lesion was excised by means of a right hepatic lobectomy. The patient is well and without apparent recurrence almost three years later. We believe that a tumor showing this sequence of changes has not been reported. In addition, cholangiocarcinoma that is cystic is very rare.

Ridged Fields in the Rio Guayas Valley, Ecuador

Abstract: Aerial reconnaissance and photography have established the existence of extensive tracts of ridged fields and planting platforms (bancos), apparently of pre-Columbian origin, in the overflow lands behind the natural levees of the Rio Guayas immediately north and east of Guayaquil, Ecuador. These vestiges of an ancient, labor-intensive agricultural system are similar in character to others that have been described in Bolivia, Colombia, and Surinam.