Showing papers by "University of Geneva published in 1973"
TL;DR: Peritoneal adhesions were studied with regard to incidence, distribution, and pathogenesis, confirming the importance of microscopic foreign bodies as well as the role of another recently described mechanism, coagulation of blood on an injured peritoneal surface.
Abstract: Summary In 752 consecutive autopsies, peritoneal adhesions were studied with regard to incidence, distribution, and pathogenesis. Adhesions were found in 67 per cent of the subjects who had undergone laparotomy and in 28 per cent of those who had not (the latter adhesions, called “spontaneous,” were presumably caused by foci of inflammation). The incidence of adhesions after minor, major, and multiple operations was 51, 72, and 93 per cent, respectively. Their topographic distribution, summarized in a scheme for each type of operation, points out the importance of surgical trauma as a causative factor. Histologic study confirmed the importance of microscopic foreign bodies (not only talcum powder, but also fluff from gauze pads and so forth) as well as the role of another recently described mechanism, coagulation of blood on an injured peritoneal surface. As regards constitutional factors, short women who were also obese were especially prone to postoperative adhesions; in men this tendency was less marked. Spontaneous adhesions were more frequent in heavy women; in men there was no difference. Age did not affect the incidence of postoperative adhesions, but there was an increase of spontaneous adhesions after the age of sixty. Sex played a role in that women had 4 per cent more adhesions. Ascites had no inhibiting effect. Preventive measures are briefly reviewed.
444 citations
TL;DR: In this article, O'Connor's approach to spatial exponential decay of eigenfunctions for multiparticle Schrodinger Hamiltonians is developed from the point of view of analytic perturbations with respect to transformation groups.
Abstract: O'Connor's approach to spatial exponential decay of eigenfunctions for multiparticle Schrodinger Hamiltonians is developed from the point of view of analytic perturbations with respect to transformation groups. This framework allows an improvement of his results in some directions; in particular if interactions are dilation analytic, exponential fall-off is shown to hold for any bound-state wave-function corresponding to an eigenvalue distinct from thresholds; it is shown that the exponential decay rate depends on the distance from the bound-state energy to the nearest threshold. Applications include non existence of positive energy bound-states.
390 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the use of French verbal forms by children between the ages of 2,11 and 8,7 and found that aspectual factors intervened in the choice of verb forms, such as type of result, frequence and duration.
249 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a time dependent scattering theory for a quantum mechanical particle moving in an infinite, three dimensional crystal with impurity is given, and it is shown that the Hamiltonian for the particle in the crystal without impurity has only absolutely continuous spectrum.
Abstract: A time dependent scattering theory for a quantum mechanical particle moving in an infinite, three dimensional crystal with impurity is given. It is shown that the Hamiltonian for the particle in the crystal without impurity has only absolutely continuous spectrum. The domain of the resulting wave operators is therefore the entire Hilbert space.
191 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a distinction is made between a conflict or convergence of interests approach (Sherif) and a categorisation approach (Tajfel) in the area of the experimental study of intergroup relations.
Abstract: In the first two parts of the paper a distinction is made between a ‚conflict or convergence of interests' approach (Sherif) and a ‚categorisation' approach (Tajfel) in the area of the experimental study of intergroup relations. Some recent experimental findings are mentioned, and a theoretical development of the categorisation approach is proposed. In the third part a new experiment illustrating the relevance of the categorisation approach is described.
135 citations
TL;DR: Ce travail décrit la présence de spécialisations des membranes plasmatiques entre les cellules endocrines des îlots de Langerhans chez le rat.
Abstract: Ce travail decrit la presence de specialisations des membranes plasmatiques entre les cellules endocrines des ilots de Langerhans chez le rat. Ces specialisations sont revelees par le cryodecapage («freeze-etching») et apparaissent sous la forme de nexus («gap-junctions») ou de jonctions serrees («tight-junctions»). Elles representent probablement la base structurale d'un couplage ionique et metabolique entre les cellules endocrines.
132 citations
TL;DR: In contrast, surviving pancreatic exocrine cells underwent progressive morphologic simplification, giving rise to a population of dedifferentiated epithelioid cells whose ultimate fate requires further study.
115 citations
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: The relationship between linguistic theory and the study of the way the (epistemic) speaker-listener understands and produces utterances is parallel to the position Piaget has adopted on logic and cognitive psychology as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of language acquisition and cognitive development. The relationship between linguistic theory and the study of the way the (epistemic) speaker–listener understands and produces utterances is parallel to the position Piaget has adopted on logic and cognitive psychology. Logic is an axiomatization of reasoning and is a purely formal discipline. Starting from axioms, theorems are derived in a mechanical, deductive manner. There is, however, a corresponding experimental science, which should not be confused with the formal discipline, and that is the psychology of thinking. Recent studies show that there are close links between knowledge in one field and that in another but also show that what were initially described as universal cognitive structures are more properly considered as symptoms in the field of logical thinking of even more general structures that also underlie concepts of causality and time, where they may acquire rather different forms.
104 citations
TL;DR: The stimulation of the release of insulin by glucose is accompanied by an enhanced uptake of cytochemically demonstrable horseradish peroxidase into endocytotic vesicles within the beta cells.
Abstract: The stimulation of the release of insulin by glucose is accompanied by an enhanced uptake of cytochemically demonstrable horseradish peroxidase into endocytotic vesicles within the beta cells. An exocytosis-endocytosis coupling might represent a mechanism by which membrane constituents are recycled within the beta cells under conditions of increased secretory activity.
102 citations
TL;DR: Pronase at low concentration produces a reversible increase of glucose-stimulated insulin release in isolated islets of Langerhans and affects the ultrastructure of the beta cells by inducing extensive development of tight junctions and the accumulation of secretory product within the extracellular spaces.
Abstract: Pronase at low concentration (4 micrograms per milliliter) produces a reversible increase of glucose-stimulated insulin release in isolated islets of Langerhans. Pronase also affects the ultrastructure of the beta cells by inducing extensive development of tight junctions as well as the accumulation of secretory product within the extracellular spaces.
97 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that progesteron-induced maturation is initially a cytoplasmic event not requiring the participation of the germinal vesicle, and implies a two-step mechanism most probably at the translational level.
TL;DR: The technique of freeze-etching for electron microscopy applied to isolated islets of Langerhans has permitted a successful evaluation of emiocytotic events on the cell surface, and the frequency of these events in stimulated cells suggests that emIocytosis represents a significant mechanism for insulin release.
Abstract: The technique of freeze-etching for electron microscopy applied to isolated islets of Langerhans has permitted a successful evaluation of emiocytotic events on the cell surface. The frequency of these events in stimulated cells suggests that emiocytosis represents a significant mechanism for insulin release.
TL;DR: The oytogenetic analysis of the genus Xenopus shows that heterogeneity of the chromosome numbers is interesting as it represents new examples of polyploidy among Anurans.
Abstract: The oytogenetic analysis of the genus Xenopus shows that X. laevis laevis, X. laevis petersi, X. laevis victorianus, X. (laevis) borealis, X. gilli, X. muelleri, and X. fraseri have chromosome numbers 2n=36; X. tropicalis has 20 (2n), X. (laevis) bunyoniensis 72 and X. ruwenzoriensis 108. This heterogeneity of the chromosome numbers is interesting as it represents new examples of polyploidy among Anurans. There are no big morphological differences among the karyotypes of the divers species, only the chromosomes with secondary constrictions vary considerably.
TL;DR: The data indicate that probably a single 30s ribosomal protein has been crosslinked to the 3′-ribosyl terminus of 16s RNA in intact 30s Ribosomes in a stable, specific covalent crosslink.
TL;DR: The administration of14C-glipizide to two patients with renal insufficiency showed that the metabolism of the drug is independent of kidney function, and that the rate of disappearance of the unchanged glipizides was approximately the same as in normals, but that the “halflife” of the metabolites was increased to 20 h and more.
Abstract: Four subjects received 5 mg14C-glipizide orally and3 subjects1 mg intravenously. The average absorption of the oral dose was nearly 100% with peak plasma levels occurring between 90 and 360 min. The apparent half-life of plasma radioactivity was approximatively 3.7 h, the disappearance of radioactivity following complex kinetics due to metabolism of the drug. Extraction with CH2Cl2 and chromatography showed that in plasma 85% of the total radioactivity corresponded to unchanged glipizide, but in urine 98% to more polar and more readily excreted metabolites. The urinary excretion is 68% of the dose. The hypoglycaemic effect of glipizide is comparable to glibenclamide. The administration of14C-glipizide to two patients with renal insufficiency showed that the metabolism of the drug is independent of kidney function, that the rate of disappearance of the unchanged glipizide was approximately the same as in normals, but that the “halflife” of the metabolites was increased to 20 h and more.
TL;DR: An increased number of membrane-associated particles has been demonstrated by freeze-etching in areas of pinocytosis in the intestinal smooth muscle cell, and a peculiar distribution of the particles is described.
Abstract: An increased number of membrane-associated particles has been demonstrated by freeze-etching in areas of pinocytosis in the intestinal smooth muscle cell. A peculiar distribution of the particles is described, which might be closely related to the formation of pinocytotic vesicles (caveolae).
TL;DR: Tomita's theory of modular Hilbert algebras is applied to prove the duality theorem for local von Neumann algesbras in a free field theory as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Temperature-resistant revertants were isolated from Escherichia coli strains carrying a temperature-sensitive dnaA mutation and either a repressed or a derepressed F-like R factor or a ColV2 factor, offering a good selection for Hfr strains produced by integration of various episomes and for the isolation of R' factors.
Abstract: Temperature-resistant revertants were isolated from Escherichia coli strains carrying a temperature-sensitive dnaA mutation (initiation of chromosome replication) and either a repressed or a derepressed F-like R factor or a ColV2 factor. Many of the revertants had all the properties of Hfr strains, with a variety of directions and origins of transfer. From one such revertant, episomes carrying the R factor and part of the lac region (R′ lac ) could be isolated by transduction. This system offers a good selection for Hfr strains produced by integration of various episomes and for the isolation of R′ factors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the probability of forming the many allowed states is highly varying and explains the detailed structure of the X-ray induced photoelectron spectra, where the removal of one f electron obeys symmetry-determined selection rules.
TL;DR: In 39 boys with cryptorchid or ectopic testes, testosterone responses of the testes to a single dose (5.000 IU/m2) of human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) were evaluated.
Abstract: In 39 boys with cryptorchid or ectopic testes, testosterone responses of the testes to a single dose (5.000 IU/m2) of human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) were evaluated. Plasma testosterone levels before the administration of hCG (day 0) and three days after were compared to the basal concentrations of endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). No differences of testicular testosterone responses were observed between 10 bilateral cryptorchidisms (day 0: 99.0 ± 19.8 ng/100 ml, day 3: 302 ± 37.1, mean ± sem), 12 unilateral cryptorchidisms (day 0: 82.4 ± 16.5, day 3: 277.5 ± 52.2 ng/100 ml), and 12 unilateral ectopic testes (day 0: 64.1 ± 13.9, day 3: 228.3 ± 45.4 ng/100 ml), all in stage P1 of puberty. In 5 boys with unilateral cryptorchid or ectopic testes in stage P2 of puberty, the basal levels of testosterone were higher (200.0 ± 35.5 ng/100 ml) and the responses to hCG greater 712.0 ± 103 ng/100 ml). In all the subjects, basal testosterone concentrations were c...
TL;DR: Analysis of sodium dodecyl sulphate/acrylamide gels of 14 C-labelled proteins from phage-infected bacteria suggests the existence of a self-regulatory control mechanism in bacteriophage T4.
TL;DR: In this article, French and German delegates to the European Parliament were interviewed, and their attitudes compared with those of a control group sampled among their national colleagues, and the general finding was that the delegates' attitudes appear to undergo cognitive, but not affective, changes.
Abstract: Regional integration theory emphasizes elite social learning and attitude change as concomitant processes of integration. Participation by national elites in EEC decision making may bring about these changes. To test these hypotheses, French and German delegates to the European Parliament were interviewed, and their attitudes compared with those of a control group sampled among their national colleagues. The general finding was that the delegates’ attitudes appear to undergo cognitive, but not affective, changes. Delegates develop more complex perceptions and become better informed and more interested in European matters, yet they become neither more favorable nor less hostile to these issues because of the self–recruitment of many legislators who were avowed Europeans before their nomination. Strong ties to national parties apparently diminish the attitudinal effects of this learning experience. Only when the parliament has full time legislators who exercise potent policy–making tasks will its role in European integration increase.
TL;DR: The total dilatation of CeAl2 from 2.5 to 300 K was found to be similar to that of LaAl2, thus making the assumption of a Ce4+→Ce3+ transition unlikely as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The total dilatation of CeAl2 from 2.5 to 300 K was found to be similar to that of LaAl2, thus making the assumption of a Ce4+→Ce3+ transition unlikely. A negative peak in the dilatation curve of CeAl2 coincides with the specific-heat peak at 3.36 K. A second transition occurs at 4.5–4.8 K. Magnetization measurements confirm the antiferromagnetism of CeAl2.
TL;DR: Haemin was shown to stimulate α but not β globin synthesis by study of the translation of haemoglobin mRNA in Xenopus oocytes by acting at the translational level in this system.
Abstract: Haemin was shown to stimulate α but not β globin synthesis by study of the translation of haemoglobin mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. Haemin acted at the translational level in this system.
TL;DR: In certain cases of chronic nephritis, hemolytic anemia and chronic carriers of Hepatitis B antigen, the complement profile suggests an activation of the complement system by the alternate pathway.
TL;DR: The RNA from the amB2 mutant of R17, which carries an amber triplet at position 6 in the coatprotein cistron, directs the synthesis of the same polypeptides as the wild-type RNA with the exception of the coat protein which is completely abolished, providing a direct in vitro assay for the suppression of nonsense mutations in eukaryotic cells.
TL;DR: The compound Gd5Pd2 has actually the composition Gd7Pd3 and crystallizes with the hexagonal Th7Fe3 structure type: space group P6 3 mc, a = 9.980 A and c = 6.216 A.
Abstract: The earlier reported compound Gd5Pd2 has actually the composition Gd7Pd3 and crystallizes with the hexagonal Th7Fe3 structure type: space group P6 3 mc, a = 9.980 A and c = 6.216 A . The compounds La7Pd3, Ce7Pd3, Pr7Pd3, Nd7Pd3 and Sm7Pd3 were found to be isotypic with Gd7Pd3.
TL;DR: DNA/RNA hybridization results with mRNAs from developing Xenopus embryos suggest that each mRNA molecule is internally heterogeneous, containing a main part transcribed from unique DNA and a covalently linked smaller part transcribes from a family of homogeneously repeated sequences.
Abstract: DNA/RNA hybridization results with mRNAs from developing Xenopus embryos suggest that each mRNA molecule is internally heterogeneous, containing a main part transcribed from unique DNA and a covalently linked smaller part transcribed from a family of homogeneously repeated sequences.