Institution
University of Greenwich
Education•London, United Kingdom•
About: University of Greenwich is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 3749 authors who have published 9958 publications receiving 234340 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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01 Feb 1999TL;DR: Three parallel optimisation algorithms, for use in the context of multilevel graph partitioning of unstructured meshes, are described and are compared and seen to produce very high global quality partitions, very rapidly.
Abstract: Three parallel optimisation algorithms, for use in the context of multilevel graph partitioning of unstructured meshes, are described. The first, interface optimisation, reduces the computation to a set of independent optimisation problems in interface regions. The next, alternating optimisation, is a restriction of this technique in which mesh entities are only allowed to migrate between subdomains in one direction. The third treats the gain as a potential field and uses the concept of relative gain for selecting appropriate vertices to migrate. The results are compared and seen to produce very high global quality partitions, very rapidly. The results are also compared with another partitioning tool and shown to be of higher quality although taking longer to compute.
110 citations
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National Institutes of Health1, University of Bamako2, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services3, National Museum of Natural History4, University of Florida5, University of L'Aquila6, University of Delaware7, Smithsonian Institution8, University of Maryland, College Park9, Nanjing Agricultural University10, University of Exeter11, University of Greenwich12, Rothamsted Research13, American Museum of Natural History14
TL;DR: The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems.
Abstract: Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation-issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40-290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least 100 families from thirteen orders. Control nets confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. Migration of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and associated weather conditions. All taxa exhibited frequent flights on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. "Return" southward movement occurred in most taxa. Estimates of the seasonal number of migrants per species crossing Mali at latitude 14°N were in the trillions, and the nightly distances traversed reached hundreds of kilometers. The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems.
110 citations
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01 Nov 1998TL;DR: In conclusion, regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, production of eicosanoids and cytokines, and the action of antioxidant enzymes are all mechanisms by which dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may exert effects on the immune system and autoimmune disease.
Abstract: Clearly there is much evidence to show that under well-controlled laboratory and dietary conditions fatty acid intake can have profound effects on animal models of autoimmune disease. Studies in human autoimmune disease have been less dramatic; however, human trials have been subject to uncontrolled dietary and genetic backgrounds, infection and other environmental influences, and basic trial designs have been inadequate. The impact of dietary fatty acids on animal autoimmune disease models appears to depend on the animal model and the type and amount of fatty acids fed. Diets low in fat, essential fatty acid-deficient, or high in n-3 fatty acids from fish oils increase the survival and reduce disease severity in spontaneous autoantibody-mediated disease, whilst linoleic acid-rich diets appear to increase disease severity. In experimentally-induced T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, essential fatty acid-deficient diets or diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids appear to augment disease, whereas n-6 fatty acids prevent or reduce the severity. In contrast, in both T-cell and antibody-mediated auto-immune disease the desaturated and elongated metabolites of linoleic acid are protective. Suppression of autoantibody and T lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by high-dose fish oils are all likely mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids ameliorate autoimmune disease. However, these could be undesirable long-term effects of high-dose fish oil which may compromise host immunity. The protective mechanism(s) of n-6 fatty acids in T-cell- mediated autoimmune disease are less clear, but may include dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid- and arachidonic acid-sensitive immunoregulatory circuits such as Th1 responses, TGF beta 1-mediated effects and Th3-like responses. It is often claimed that n-6 fatty acids promote autoimmune and inflammatory disease based on results obtained with linoleic acid only. It should be appreciated that linoleic acid does not reflect the functions of dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid, and that the endogenous rate of conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid is slow (Hassam et al. 1975, 1977; Phylactos et al. 1994; Harbige et al. 1995). In addition to effects of dietary fatty acids on immunoregulation, inflammation as a consequence of immune activation in autoimmune disease may also be an important mechanism of action whereby dietary fatty acids modulate disease activity. In conclusion, regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, production of eicosanoids and cytokines, and the action of antioxidant enzymes are all mechanisms by which dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may exert effects on the immune system and autoimmune disease. Probably the most significant of these mechanisms in relation to our current understanding of immunoregulation and inflammation would appear to be via fatty acid effects on cytokines. The amount, type and balance of dietary fatty acids and associated antioxidant nutrients appear to impact on the immune system to produce immune-deviation or immunosuppressive effects, and to reduce immune-mediated inflammation which will in turn affect the susceptibility to, or severity of, autoimmune disease.
110 citations
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01 Jan 1985TL;DR: The fourth edition of this textbook has been completely revised to examine the current state of housing policy in the UK as discussed by the authors, and explores developments in housing policy made since Labour's 1997 electoral victory, the book addresses current issues including the 'brownfield versus greenfield' debate; the phasing out of renovation grants; the transfer of local authority housing to registered social landlords; boom, slump and boom in the owner-occupied sector.
Abstract: The fourth edition, this textbook has been completely revised to examine the current state of housing policy in the UK. Exploring developments in housing policy made since Labour's 1997 electoral victory, the book addresses current issues including the 'brownfield versus greenfield' debate; the phasing out of renovation grants; the transfer of local authority housing to registered social landlords; boom, slump and boom in the owner-occupied sector.
Other topics addressed range from regional policy and housing across the UK, to social exclusion, community care and homelessness.
110 citations
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TL;DR: Beyond the known general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of berberine, IBD-specific effects including gut epithelial barrier pathology, T cells as emerging targets, antinociceptive and other effects are discussed.
109 citations
Authors
Showing all 3822 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Rolf Loeber | 128 | 470 | 58477 |
Robert West | 112 | 1061 | 53904 |
John C. Mitchell | 104 | 676 | 36467 |
Jian Chen | 96 | 1718 | 52917 |
Xiaojun Wu | 91 | 1088 | 31687 |
Lucilla Poston | 91 | 565 | 32452 |
Frank J. Kelly | 85 | 440 | 30005 |
Brendon Stubbs | 81 | 754 | 28180 |
Zongjin Li | 80 | 630 | 22103 |
Paul T. Seed | 79 | 472 | 21311 |
Suzanne G. Leveille | 74 | 234 | 19514 |
Ruth Duncan | 73 | 221 | 24991 |
Paul McCrone | 68 | 453 | 16632 |
Jonathan Hadgraft | 66 | 349 | 15661 |
Marc De Hert | 65 | 354 | 17566 |