Showing papers by "University of Hull published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief analysis of the current understanding of substituent perturbations in monosubstituted benzenes as determined by substituents induced carbon chemical shifts is presented.
Abstract: A brief analysis is presnted of the current understanding of substituent perturbations in monosubstituted benzenes as determined by substituent induced carbon chemical shifts. A critical tabulation of the four substituent chemical shifts is given for c. 700 monosubstituted benzenes.
460 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the smectic layer spacings (d) for a number of cyano derivatives which have an anomalous d/l ratio of ~ 1.4, where l is the molecular length.
Abstract: 2014 The smectic layer spacings (d) have been determined for a number of cyano derivatives which have an anomalous d/l ratio of ~ 1.4, where l is the molecular length. It is shown that the quantity (d 2014 l) is directly related to the length of the alkyl or alkoxy tail of the molecule but is not simply related to the length of the aromatic core. This is consistent with a bimolecular layer structure having overlapping molecular cores at the layer centre. Using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements of the intensity of the layer reflections on several isotopically substituted forms we have positively confirmed and quantified this model for one compound (4-cyano4’-n-octylbiphenyl, 8CB). LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 40, AVRIL 1979, Classification Physics A bstracts 61. 30
261 citations
TL;DR: In adult female locusts, direct measurements of AKH (adipokinetic hormone) in the haemolymph suggest that release of hormone does not occur at a constant rate during flight.
89 citations
TL;DR: Concentration of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin were measured in plasma from embryonic and neonatal chicks as mentioned in this paper, but GH was not detectable in these chicks and was found to be a marker of fertility.
86 citations
TL;DR: Concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, testosterone, progesterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine were higher in laying birds than in birds which were moulting or not laying, and the concentration of Thyroxine was depressed by the long photoperiod.
Abstract: 1. Concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, testosterone, progesterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured in the blood plasma of female turkeys during successive periods of egg laying, a decline in lay, a moult induced by a short photoperiod (6 light : 18 dark) and a resumption of egg laying induced by a long photoperiod (16L : 8D). 2. Concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, testosterone and progesterone were higher in laying birds than in birds which were moulting or not laying. 3. The concentration of testosterone, but not of the other hormones studied, increased significantly during the period of profuse moult. 4. Concentrations of the thyroid hormones did not change with the varying physiological condition of the birds. However, the concentration of thyroxine was depressed by the long photoperiod.
62 citations
TL;DR: A number of esters and other compounds containing a trans-1,4-substituted cyclohexane ring system have been prepared, and the liquid crystal thermal stabilities of these new mesogens are discussed in relation to those of their analogues containing the 1,4phenylene ring as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A number of esters and other compounds containing a trans-1,4-substituted cyclohexane ring system-have been prepared, and the liquid crystal thermal stabilities of these new mesogens are discussed in relation to those of their analogues containing the 1,4-phenylene ring. The observed effects are discussed in terms of a possible thermal energy absorption by the cyclohexane ring in causing minor conformational changes. Other physical properties of these new mesogens are also discussed with particular reference to their potential in applications. In relation to electro-optical display devices, such properties as birefringence, dielectric anistropy, viscosity etc., are important parameters, and the new materials have been assessed in this context as possible additives to the 4-n-alkyl- and 4-n-alkyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls for producing a favorable combination of physical parameters. Also reported is a liquid crystal mixture which has a 100°C nematic range and which contains only materials which are ali...
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a recursive method is described to obtain certain distributional results relating to order statistics, which may be used to obtain the testing of single and multiple outliers, and some useful inequalities for tail probabilities.
Abstract: A recursive method is described, which may be used to obtain certain distributional results relating to order statistics. The procedure is applied to gamma samples to obtain null distributions of various statistics appropriate for the testing of single and multiple outliers, and some useful inequalities for tail probabilities.
54 citations
TL;DR: A reappraisal of Fitts' (1954) law is presented and reasoning is outlined which predicts that, for tasks of equivalent difficulty, smaller-tolerance tasks will, within limits, take longer to perform.
Abstract: This paper presents a reappraisal of Fitts’ (1954) law and outlines reasoning which predicts that, for tasks of equivalent difficulty as calculated by Fitts’ Index of Difficulty, smaller-tolerance tasks will, within limits, take longer to perform. Reanalysis of Fitts’ data appears to confirm this view. The notion that the overall performance of the human motor system plus associated feedback mechanisms can be described by any simple formulation assuming constant weighting of factors over a variety of tasks, such as proposed by Fitts’ law, seems to be misfounded. Recent research supports the doubts concerning fixed-parameter linear and nonlinear models of the human motor system. Some implications of these ideas are discussed.
49 citations
47 citations
TL;DR: The antenna and beam geometry of lidar systems employing heterodyne reception of incoherent backscatter signals are discussed, with particular emphasis on systems where the target extends uniformly across the transmitted beam using topographic targets or atmosphericBackscatter.
Abstract: The antenna and beam geometry of lidar systems employing heterodyne reception of incoherent backscatter signals are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on systems where the target extends uniformly across the transmitted beam using topographic targets or atmospheric backscatter. The geometry is assumed to be circularly symmetrical, but otherwise arbitrary obscurations are permitted. The effects of atmospheric scintillation are neglected. Parameters are defined which characterize the system efficiency, and the conditions under which these parameters may be maximized are considered.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions for obtaining such changes are examined and particular attention is paid to the transient response of the system to sudden changes in microwave power, and a simplified rate equation approach is found to account for the essential features of the behaviour.
Abstract: Donor-acceptor radiative recombination in II-VI and other materials is subject to spin selection rules, so that the emission intensity is altered when magnetic resonance transitions are stimulated. The conditions for obtaining such changes are examined and particular attention is paid to the transient response of the system to sudden changes in microwave power. A simplified rate equation approach is found to account for the essential features of the behaviour and shows the concept of donor-acceptor pairs to be of central importance.
TL;DR: The present study provides strong evidence of subjects' abilities to voluntarily control HR during muscular effort, and lends support to the notion that biofeedback therapies may be of clinical utility in real life by modulating the eliciting effects of stressors.
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that voluntary heart rate (HR) control is possible with simultaneous muscular effort, 8 male subjects were trained in feedback assisted bidirectional HR control, and also practiced hand grip exercises requiring different levels of effort for 3 consecutive daily sessions. In a fourth session subjects were required to increase and decrease HR while simultaneously performing muscle contractions of 0%, 10%, 30% and 50% of maximum voluntary contractions. Substantial and reliable variations in HR were produced by instructions and by muscular effort during the first 3 sessions; and in the fourth session bidirectional HR control continued even with the relatively elevated baselines induced by muscular effort. Concomitant chin EMG levels did not vary with degree of muscular effort nor with instructions to increase or decrease HR, but increased over the course of any type of trial. Discussion suggests the use of artificially elevated baselines as a strategy for studying HR deceleration and concludes that the present study provides strong evidence of subjects' abilities to voluntarily control HR during muscular effort. This conclusion lends support to the notion that biofeedback therapies may be of clinical utility in real life by modulating the eliciting effects of stressors.
TL;DR: The relationship between potassium/sodium ratio and death rates from arteriosclerotic disease suggests that the optimum potassium/Sodium ratio is 2.8--3.0, and deviations in both directions are associated with increases in the death-rate from ischaemic heart-disease.
TL;DR: The Nicomachean Ethics as discussed by the authors distinguishes three types of friendship: friendship of goodness, the friendship of pleasure, and the friend of utility, and it has been argued that the essential connection is provided by the notion of analogy, but neither Fortenbaugh nor his opponents are correct.
Abstract: The Nicomachean Ethics, as is well known, distinguishes three types of friendship the friendship of goodness, the friendship of pleasure, and the friendship of utility. How are these three types of friendship supposed to be related to one another? It has often been said that Aristotle regards them as focally related1, but W. W. Fortenbaugh has recently argued against this and suggested that the essential connection is provided by the notion of analogy2. It seems to me, however, that neither Fortenbaugh nor his opponents are correct. It will be the central claim of this paper that Aristotle relates the three types of friendship not by appeal either to the notion of analogical or to that of focal homonymy, but in terms of a third and little noticed form of homonymy: his view, very roughly expressed, is that all three forms of friendship do in a sense meet the definitional requirements for friendship but that whereas the friendship of goodness does so straightforwardly, the friendships of pleasure and of utility do so only in a way or only with certain qualifications. My programme is rather complex. Fortenbaugh's claim, that the three types of friendship are analogically related, is part of a wider interpretation of NE VIII and IX and cannot be considered in isolation from this. I shall therefore begin in Part I by examining Fortenbaugh's case for his interpretation. In Part II I shall sketch out an alternative interpretation, which, I believe, more accurately reflects Aristotle's view of the relationship between the various forms of friendship. And finally in Part III I shall try to clarify the view I have attributed to Aristotle by defending it against the charge that it does after all reintroduce focal homonymy into his account.
TL;DR: In this paper, the design of a one dimensional unstable resonator using spherical and cylindrical mirrors is described, and improved beam propagation and focusing characteristics are demonstrated for a discharge pumped KrF laser using this resonator.
TL;DR: Testosterone-maintained intermale aggressive behavior was blocked by the antiestrogen CI-628, providing support for the hypothesis that testosterone exerts its effects on the central nervous elements involved in the control of aggressive behavior by its aromatization to estrogenic metabolites.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the results of field and radiometric investigations in the Central Highland Granulites and the western Moines, which have fundamental implications for the evolution of these extensive metamorphic rocks, and for the nature of the Grenvillian-Caledonian interval in this sector of the North Atlantic Crust.
Abstract: MUCH of our recent knowledge of the Moine metasediments1,2, which extend from the Moine Thrust across the Great Glen Fault to the boundary of the Dalradian Supergroup3,4 (Fig. 1), stems from the western Moine region. Here, late-Precambrian, Morarian ages (740–780 Myr) have been established from pegmatites in the Morar Division5, and a Grenvillian age (1,030 ±50 Myr) from the Granitic Gneiss of Ardgour in the Glenfinnan Division6. The ‘Central Highland Granulites’, generally regarded as ‘younger Moine’2,6, are little known geologically. Here we briefly outline the results of field (by M.A.J.P.) and radiometric investigations (by O.v.B.) in the Central Highland Granulites and the western Moines, which have fundamental implications for the evolution of these extensive metamorphic rocks, and for the nature of the Grenvillian–Caledonian interval in this sector of the North Atlantic Crust.
TL;DR: By using the methods of perturbation theory, it is possible to constrain simple formulae for the numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation, and also to calculate expectation values solely by means of simple eigenvalue calculations.
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TL;DR: The Sorcerer King Part 1 of The Sorcerer King Volume 14, Part 1 as mentioned in this paper, 2018-10-17 (Part 1) is the first part of the The Sorcerer's Revenge Series.
Abstract: Rating: Mature Archive Warning: Rape/Non-Con, Underage, Graphic Depictions Of Violence Fandom: Overlord Maruyama Kugane & Related Fandoms Relationship: Ainz & Aura, Ainz & Albedo, Ainz & All Nazarick, Ainz & Pandora's Actor Character: Ainz Ooal Gown | Momonga, Aura Bella Fiora, Mare Bello Fiore, Albedo (Overlord Maruyama Kugane), Rubedo, Dominic Ihre Partouche, Demiurge (Overlord Maruyama Kugane), Raymond Zarg Lauransan, Jircniv Rune Farlord El Nix, Leinas Rockbruise, Sebas Tian, Fluder Paradyne, Lupusregina Beta, Natel Inyem Dale Carvain, Renner Theiere Chardelon Ryle Vaiself, Lakyus Alvein Dale Aindra, Zesshi Zetsumei, Original Characters, Pluton Ainzach, Pandora's Actor, Shalltear Bloodfallen Additional Tags: Drama, Angst, Action, Mentions of Rape, Violence, Friendship, Adventure, Fan Volume 14, Fantasy, Family, Hurt/Comfort, Retribution, Revenge Series: Part 1 of The Sorcerer King Stats: Published: 2018-05-27 Completed: 2018-10-17 Chapters: 44/44 Words: 238733
TL;DR: Macromolecules containing β-1,3-linked glucose residues play an active role in the interaction between mycelial components of P. infestans and the potato and may be contained in the fungal elicitor and be specific for the active site of its receptor in the potato cell.
Abstract: In the hypersensitive response of potato tuber tissue to an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans the infected cells rapidly die and later turn brown. Cell-free extracts of sonicated mycelial homogenates of the fungus induce a hypersensitive-like response in tuber tissue from resistant and susceptible potato varieties. Cell death was assessed directly by the use of a vital stain, and indirectly by reflectance densitometric measurements of browned tuber tissue. A positive correlation was demonstrated between browning, measured in this way, and percentage cell death calculated from direct viability counts. A number of methyl glycosides and oligosaccharides were tested for their ability to affect sonicate-induced cell death and browning. Laminaribiose and methyl-β- d -glucopyranoside caused a significant inhibition of cell death and browning; cellobiose, gentiobiose, methyl-α- d -glucopyranoside and a number of other compounds were ineffective. The results suggest that macromolecules containing β-1,3-linked glucose residues play an active role in the interaction between mycelial components of P. infestans and the potato. Furthermore, these residues may be contained in the fungal elicitor and be specific for the active site of its receptor in the potato cell.
TL;DR: Of these techniques, the Pre-post-state Histogram (PPSH)—a multi-order Markov graphical analysis—would appear to be the most important for future work, especially when used in conjunction with the other techniques described.
TL;DR: A simple numerical method for calculating eigenvalues of the Schrodinger equation is tested for a perturbed oscillator, and compares favourably with matrix methods as discussed by the authors. But this method is not suitable for a large number of oscillators.
TL;DR: In this article, the optical detection of electron spin resonance in p-type CdTe at 1.7 K in optical pumping conditions was reported, where the Overhauser shift of the electronic resonance, of the order of 45 G, is related to the sign of the electron g-factor g∗.
TL;DR: In this interrelationship, the recognition molecules of the immune system come to impose a fineness of discrimination upon older defence mechanisms such as phagocytosis which themselves have intrinsically low specificity.
Abstract: Introduction The importance of the immune system to the antimicrobial defence mechanisms of man is obvious when one considers, for example, the low resistance to pyogenic infections in patients with Bruton type agammaglobulinaemia, or the susceptibility to certain viral diseases associated with thymic hypoplasia in Di George's syndrome. The vertebrate immune system is superimposed upon more ancient defence mechanisms which rely mainly on phagocytosis and on a variety of antimicrobial humoral substances, but it by no means replaces such mechanisms. On the contrary, it becomes increasingly linked to them with interrelationships at all stages from processing of the antigen by macrophages to its final elimination by phagocytosis or by complement-mediated lysis. In this interrelationship, the recognition molecules of the immune system come to impose a fineness of discrimination upon older defence mechanisms such as phagocytosis which themselves have intrinsically low specificity.
TL;DR: In this article, the wavelength tuning characteristics of a preionised CO2 laser operating at pressures in the range 8-12 atmospheres were reported. But this was at the expense of a gain length of 16 cm.
TL;DR: A functional role for acetylcholine within substantia nigra is suggested and indirect support for the concept of an interaction between cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons within this structure is provided.
TL;DR: Mature laboratory locusts normally exhibit a characteristic pattern of change in flight speed with time, but the injection of hormone before the second flight, when blood lipid levels are already high, reduces the utilization of carbohydrate by the flight muscles dramatically but results in constant high-speed flight.
TL;DR: While voluntary HR increases were reliably demonstrated with and without HR feedback, appropriate HR decreases were modest and inconsistent and changes in respiration rate generally paralleled the alterations in HR.
Abstract: The role of visual imagery in the bidirectional control of heart rate (HR) was explored in 24 subjects. While voluntary HR increases were reliably demonstrated with and without HR feedback, appropriate HR decreases were modest and inconsistent. Changes in respiration rate (RR) generally paralleled the alterations in HR. Eighteen of the subjects reported conventionally using visual imagery to effect HR changes. For these subjects, vividness of visual imagery scores and the extent of HR change showed indications of a direct relationship in the HR increase condition. However, in the HR decrease condition, it was concomitant RR changes which were associated with the vividness and the control of imagery production. The remaining six subjects, who reported not employing visual imagery, demonstrated superior HR acceleration to the imaging subjects. Further, while the imaging subjects did not benefit from the introduction of feedback, the six non-imaging subjects showed reliably greater HR acceleration as a result of feedback introduction.