University of Hyderabad

About: University of Hyderabad is a education organization based out in Hyderabad, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Crystal structure. The organization has 6446 authors who have published 13005 publications receiving 237641 citations. The organization is also known as: Hyderabad Central University & HCU.

Estrogen receptor coregulators and pioneer factors: the orchestrators of mammary gland cell fate and development.

Abstract: The 17-beta estradiol (E2), a steroid hormone, which play critical role in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, is essential for reproduction and mammary gland development. E2 actions are mediated by two classical nuclear hormone receptors, estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERs). The activity of ERs depends on the coordinate activity of ligand binding, posttranslational modification, and importantly their interaction with their partner proteins called ‘coregulators’. Because majority of breast cancers are ERalpha positive and coregulators are proved to be crucial for ER transcriptional activity, an increased interest in the field has led to the identification of a large number of coregulators. In the last decade, gene knockout studies using mouse models provided impetus to our further understanding of the role of these coregulators in mammary gland development. Several coregulators appear to be critical for terminal end bud formation, ductal branching and alveologenesis during mammary gland development. The emerging studies support that, in addition to these coregulators, the other ER partner proteins ‘pioneering factors’ also seems to contribute significantly to E2 signaling and mammary cell fate. This review discusses emerging themes in coregulator- and pioneering factor-mediated action on ER functions, particularly their role in mammary gland cell fate and development.

Action of proline on stomata differs from that of abscisic Acid, g-substances, or methyl jasmonate.

Abstract: Methyl jasmonate (MJ) and a mixture of G1, G2, and G3 (G-substances) inhibited stomatal opening in abaxial epidermis of Commelina benghalensis and complete closure occurred at 10−6 molar MJ, or 10−3 molar G-substances compared to 10−5 molar abscisic acid (ABA). Proline, even at 10−3 molar caused only a partial stomatal closure. Apart from ABA, other endogenous plant growth regulators do regulate stomata. Reduction in the stimulation by fusicoccin and complete stomatal closure, at 30 millimolar KCl or less, were affected by ABA, MJ, or G-substances, but not by proline. The action of MJ or G-substances was similar to ABA in decreasing proton efflux and the levels of potassium, malate, or reducing sugars. Proline, however, interfered with starch-sugar interconversion but had no effect on proton efflux or potassium content of epidermis.

Chemical chaperone, TUDCA unlike PBA, mitigates protein aggregation efficiently and resists ER and non-ER stress induced HepG2 cell death

Abstract: Stress induced BSA (bovine serum albumin) protein aggregation is effectively mitigated in vitro by TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) than by PBA (4- phenylbutyric acid), chemical chaperones approved by FDA for the treatment of biliary cirrhosis and urea cycle disorders respectively. TUDCA, unlike PBA, enhances trypsin mediated digestion of BSA. TUDCA activates PERK, an ER-resident kinase that phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor2 (eIF2α) and promotes the expression of activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in HepG2 cells. In contrast, PBA induced eIF2α phosphorylation is not mediated by PERK activation and results in low ATF4 expression. Neither chaperones promote expression of BiP, an ER chaperone, and CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), downstream target of eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. Both chaperones mitigate tunicamycin induced PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP arm of UPR and expression of BiP. TUDCA, unlike PBA does not decrease cell viability and it also mitigates tunicamycin, UV-irradiation and PBA induced PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) cleavage and cell death. These findings therefore suggest that TUDCA’s antiapoptotic activity to protect HepG2 cells and PBA’s activity that limits tumor cell progression may be important while considering their therapeutic potential.

Nickelophilous plants and their significance in phytotechnologies

Abstract: Nickeliferous soils are invaded predominantly by members of the Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, Cunoniaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Euphorbiaceous, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Violaceae, and many of these plants are metal tolerant. About 300 Ni hyperaccumulating plants been identified. These members exhibit unusual appetite for toxic metals and elemental defense. Hyperaccumulators provide protection against fungal and insect attack. Investigations suggested that Ni-hyperaccumulation has a protective function against fungal and bacterial pathogens in Streptanthus polygaloides and Thlaspi montanum. Significance of nickelophilous plants and their significance in phytotechnologies are discussed in this paper.