Showing papers by "University of Louisville published in 1994"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors integrated a number of streams of research on the antecedents of innovation to develop and test a model of individual innovative behavior, and they used structural equation analysis to test the parameters of the proposed model simultaneously and also explored the moderating effect of task characteristics.
Abstract: The present study integrated a number of streams of research on the antecedents of innovation to develop and test a model of individual innovative behavior. Hypothesizing that leadership, individual problem-solving style, and work group relations affect innovative behavior directly and indirectly through their influence on perceptions of the climate for innovation, we used structural equation analysis to test the parameters of the proposed model simultaneously and also explored the moderating effect of task characteristics. The model explained approximately 37 percent of the variance in innovative behavior. Task type moderated the relationship between leader role expectations and innovative behavior.
4,615 citations
TL;DR: A new interpretative technique used following the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska shows that fertilizer applications significantly increased rates of oil biodegradation.
Abstract: The effectiveness of bioremediation for oil spills has been difficult to establish on dynamic, heterogeneous marine shorelines A new interpretative technique used following the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska shows that fertilizer applications significantly increased rates of oil biodegradation Biodegradation rates depended mainly on the concentration of nitrogen within the shoreline, the oil loading, and the extent to which natural biodegradation had already taken place The results suggest ways to improve the effectiveness of bioremediation measures in the future
706 citations
TL;DR: A new 36-item scale in Likert format, designed to assess the acculturative stress of international students, includes perceived discrimination, homesickness, fear, guilt, perceived hatred, and stress due to change (cultural shock), identified as major contributing factors.
Abstract: Description of the development and testing of a new 36-item scale in Likert format, designed to assess the acculturative stress of international students, includes perceived discrimination, homesickness, fear, guilt, perceived hatred, and stress due to change (cultural shock), identified as major contributing factors. The psychometric properties of this instrument and implications for use by mental health practitioners are discussed.
659 citations
TL;DR: This study seeks to explain a firm's IS organization design decision for a decentralized, centralized, or "hybrid" locus of responsibility from an expanded set of environmental, overall organizational, and IS-specific antecedants as well as a larger concept of organizational alignment.
Abstract: Identifying the best way to organize the IS functions within an enterprise has been a critical IS management issue since the mid-1980s. Yet to date, MIS researchers have offered little empirical evidence on which to base guidelines for the practitioner. This study seeks to explain a firm's IS organization design decision for a decentralized, centralized, or "hybrid" locus of responsibility from an expanded set of environmental, overall organizational, and IS-specific antecedants as well as a larger concept of organizational alignment. Potential antecedents are selected from prior contingency research and the IS literature; other variables emerge from the data collection. Data collected via on-site interviews from IS and general managers in six multi-divisional firms, paired by industry, confirm that centralized, decentralized, and hybrid IS structures exist -- but often not in ''pure'' form -- and that industry type is not a strong predictor. Data was also collected via survey form on the importance of potential antecedents for a recent IS design change in each firm. Based on both qualitative and quantitative data, four configurations are discussed; patterns of antecedents that are associated with (1) highly centralized or (2) highly decentralized IS structures; and patterns of antecdents that explain a firm's choice to (3) decentralize of (4) recentralize systems development and application planning functions in particular. A model based on these configurations is then proposed. The article concludes with implications for researchers and practioners .
573 citations
TL;DR: The domain of EBA-175 that binds erythrocytes was identified as region II with the use of truncated portions of E BA-175 expressed on COS cells, and the identification of both the receptor and ligand domains may suggest rational designs for receptor blockade and vaccines.
Abstract: A 175-kilodalton erythrocyte binding protein, EBA-175, of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum mediates the invasion of erythrocytes. The erythrocyte receptor for EBA-175 is dependent on sialic acid. The domain of EBA-175 that binds erythrocytes was identified as region II with the use of truncated portions of EBA-175 expressed on COS cells. Region II, which contains a cysteine-rich motif, and native EBA-175 bind specifically to glycophorin A, but not to glycophorin B, on the erythrocyte membrane. Erythrocyte recognition of EBA-175 requires both sialic acid and the peptide backbone of glycophorin A. The identification of both the receptor and ligand domains may suggest rational designs for receptor blockade and vaccines.
572 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide evidence on the relationship between structural financial policies and monetary policy, as well as on the relevance of credit markets for the monetary policy transmission mechanism and the role of administered discount rates in speeding up the adjustment of lending rates.
Abstract: The stickiness of bank lending rates with respect to money market rates is often regarded as an obstacle to the smooth transmission of monetary policy impulses Yet, no systematic measure of the different degree of lending rate stickiness across countries has been attempted This paper provides such a measure It also relates the different degree of lending rate stickiness to structural features of the financial system, such as the existence of barriers to competition, the degree of development of financial markets, and the ownership structure of the banking system Thus, the paper provides further evidence on the relationship between structural financial policies and monetary policy, as well as on the relevance of credit markets for the monetary policy transmission mechanism The role of administered discount rates in speeding up the adjustment of lending rates is also discussed
397 citations
TL;DR: An enhanced understanding of the nature of the optic nerve damage in POAG and improved methods of study may result in earlier diagnosis or allow us to distinguish among different pathological processes all currently grouped under the diagnosis of POAG.
395 citations
TL;DR: For genes containing a 5' paused polymerase, passage of the paused RNA polymerase into an elongationally competent mode in vivo coincides with phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the CTD.
Abstract: The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II is essential in vivo, and is found in either an unphosphorylated (IIa) or hyperphosphorylated (IIo) form. The Drosophila uninduced hsp70 and hsp26 genes, and the constitutively expressed beta-1 tubulin and Gapdh-2 genes, contain an RNA polymerase II complex which pauses after synthesizing a short transcript. We report here that, using an in vivo ultraviolet crosslinking technique and antibodies directed against the IIa and IIo forms of the CTD, these paused polymerases have an unphosphorylated CTD. For genes containing a 5' paused polymerase, passage of the paused RNA polymerase into an elongationally competent mode in vivo coincides with phosphorylation of the CTD. Also, the level of phosphorylation of the CTD of elongating polymerases is shown not to be related to the level of transcription, but is promoter specific.
323 citations
TL;DR: Treatment with high-dose lovastatin initiated before coronary angioplasty does not prevent or delay the process of restenosis in the first six months after the procedure, and there were no other important differences between the two groups in the frequency of fatal or nonfatal events at six months.
Abstract: Background Experimental and clinical observations suggest that lowering serum lipid levels may reduce the risk of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. We report the results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial evaluating whether lowering lipid levels with lovastatin can prevent or delay restenosis after angioplasty. Methods Seven to 10 days before angioplasty, we randomly assigned eligible patients to receive lovastatin (40 mg orally twice daily) or placebo. Patients who underwent successful, complication-free, first-time angioplasty of a native vessel (the index lesion) continued to receive therapy for six months, when a second coronary angiogram was obtained. The primary end point was the extent of restenosis of the index lesion, as assessed by quantitative coronary arteriography. Of 404 patients randomly assigned to study groups, 384 underwent angioplasty; 354 of the procedures were successful, and 321 patients underwent angiographic restudy at six months. Results At base line, the patien...
274 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that beatings and detention are rites of passage into manhood in the occupied territories of the Middle East and argued that such violence is crucial in the construction of a moral self among its recipients, who are enabled to juxtapose their own cultural categories of manhood and morality to those of a foreign power.
Abstract: This article examines ritualized inscriptions of bodily violence upon Palestinian male youths in the occupied territories. It argues that beatings and detention are construed as rites of passage into manhood. Bodily violence is crucial in the construction of a moral self among its recipients, who are enabled to juxtapose their own cultural categories of manhood and morality to those of a foreign power. Ritual as a transformative experience foregrounds a political agency designed to reverse relations of domination between occupied and occupier. Simultaneously, it both reaffirms and transforms internal Palestinian forms of domination. [Middle East, masculinity, ritual performance, violence, body, construction of self]
225 citations
TL;DR: It is determined that translocation was more common in rats with cirrhosis than in normal controls, and may be an important early step in the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
30 May 1994
TL;DR: The search for redundant data components is performed for networks with continuous outputs and is based on the concept in sensitivity of linearized neural networks, which could lead to smaller networks and reduced-size data vectors.
Abstract: Multilayer feedforward networks are often used for modeling complex relationships between the data sets. Deleting unimportant data components in the training sets could lead to smaller networks and reduced-size data vectors. This can be achieved by analyzing the total disturbance of network outputs due to perturbed inputs. The search for redundant data components is performed for networks with continuous outputs and is based on the concept in sensitivity of linearized neural networks. The formalized criteria and algorithm for pruning data vectors are formulated and illustrated with examples. >
TL;DR: These studies implicate the Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor in the complex interactions between postcapillary endothelial cells and granulocytes, which are modulated by pro-inflammatory chemokines.
Abstract: The human erythrocyte chemokine receptor has recently been shown to be identical to the Duffy blood group antigen and is expressed in multiple organs, including kidney. Here we have examined the molecular properties of the renal isoform. Immunoblot analysis of erythrocyte and kidney detergent lysates, with a monoclonal antibody (Fy6) to the Duffy antigen, revealed that the renal isoform had a molecular mass of 43-45 kD, which could be distinguished from that observed in erythroid cells (38-47 kD). Chemical cross-linking of kidney membranes to 125I-melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA) indicated that the renal chemokine receptor had a molecular mass of 38-45 kD. Binding of 125I-labeled MGSA to kidney membranes was competitively inhibited by the addition of unlabeled MGSA, IL-8, regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secrted, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Scatchard analysis of MGSA binding showed that the chemokine receptor from renal tissues had a binding affinity of 3.5 nM similar to that observed for the erythroid isoform (5-10 nM). The primary structure of the renal chemokine receptor predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA from renal tissues is identical to that reported for the erythroid isoform. Immunocytochemical staining of kidney with Fy6 localized expression to endothelial cells present in postcapillary venules. These studies implicate the Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor in the complex interactions between postcapillary endothelial cells and granulocytes, which are modulated by pro-inflammatory chemokines.
TL;DR: The authors examines both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that contribute to the psychological distress of international students and presents several counseling strategies and techniques that are known to alleviate the acculturative stress of these students.
Abstract: This article examines both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors that contribute to the psychological distress of international students. It presents several counselling strategies and techniques that are known to alleviate the acculturative stress of these students. The underlying purpose of this article is to make the sojourning experience of foreign students more satisfying and thus enhance their academic achievements.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The hypothesis that natural Abs to the primary protein Ag keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) exist in normal serum and will form immune complexes (IC) that activate C and generate bound iC3b/C3dg, thereby promoting B cell CR2-dependent Ag processing is supported.
Abstract: Normal immune responses to primary protein Ags (those not seen previously by the immune system) have been shown to require C3 and the C3 receptor CR2 (CD21). This investigation tested the hypothesis that natural Abs to the primary protein Ag keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) exist in normal serum and will form immune complexes (IC) that activate C and generate bound iC3b/C3dg, thereby promoting B cell CR2-dependent Ag processing. Both IgM and IgG anti-KLH were detectable in sera from 11 normal donors. IC generated with fresh serum bore iC3b and bound to CR1 (CD35), CR2, and CR3 (CD11b/CD18). Further treatment of IC with serum containing rCR1 formed IC-bearing C3dg that bound only to CR2. When ICs were mixed with B lymphoblastoid cell clones, CR2-dependent processing of the KLH occurred that was dependent on bound C3dg and CR2. Processing occurred regardless of whether the B cells bore KLH-specific surface Ig, although the efficiency of processing was greater with KLH-specific B cells. Both KLH-specific and nonspecific B cell clones presented KLH to KLH-specific T cells. The binding of KLH IC by normal B lymphocytes induced expression of the B7/BB1 Ag (CD80), the required co-stimulatory ligand for T cell CD28. Blocking experiments indicated that although bound C3 and CR2 were required to mediate IC binding to B cells, induction of CD80 expression required the secondary ligation of IC-associated IgG to B cell FcRII (CD32). These data support the hypothesis that responses to primary protein Ags involve IgG natural Abs and C3 that mediate Ag processing and presentation via B cell CR2 and FcRII.
TL;DR: The structure and function of Na,K-ATPase is reviewed, its expression and distribution in tissues, and its interaction with known ligands such as the cardiac glycosides and other suspected endogenous regulators are reviewed.
Abstract: Na,K-ATPase (sodium pump; EC 3.6.1.37) is present in the membrane of most eukaryotic cells and controls directly or indirectly many essential cellular functions. Regulation of this enzyme (ion transporter) and its individual isoforms is believed to play a key role in the etiology of some pathological processes. The sodium pump is the only known receptor for the cardiac glycosides. However, endogenous ligands structurally similar to digoxin or ouabain may control the activity of this important molecular complex. Here we review the structure and function of Na,K-ATPase, its expression and distribution in tissues, and its interaction with known ligands such as the cardiac glycosides and other suspected endogenous regulators. Also reviewed are various disorders, including cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and metabolic diseases, purported to involve dysfunction of Na,K-ATPase activity. The escalation in knowledge at the molecular level concerning sodium pump function foreshadows application of this knowledge in the clinical laboratory to identify individuals at risk for Na,K-ATPase-associated diseases.
TL;DR: This analysis provides a theoretic basis for balancing both the pulmonary and systemic circulation and suggests that evaluating both systemic arterial and venous oxygen saturation may be a useful way to determine the relative pulmonary and systems flows.
TL;DR: Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) with frozen and permanent sections may be used for complete eradication of the lesion, while sparing as much normal tissue as possible.
Abstract: Background Lentigo maligna (LM) is a pigmented neoplasm on sun-exposed skin of elderly patients LM slowly increases in size and may become lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), a potentially fatal malignancy Complete excision is the treatment of choice Mohs' micrographic surgery (MMS) with frozen and permanent sections may be used for complete eradication of the lesion, while sparing as much normal tissue as possible The authors studied the efficacy of MMS for the treatment of LM and LMM
Methods Between 1985 and 1992, 45 patients with LM (26) and LMM (19) were treated with MMS The authors' technique was to use examination of frozen sections and rush permanent sections (prepared and read within 24 hours) Positive frozen sections warranted further excision For negative or equivocal frozen sections, surgery was interrupted until the examination of permanent sections was performed
Results All 45 patients were free of local disease and eyidence of metastases at an average of 292 months (range, 4–81 months) after therapy
Conclusions MMS aided by rush permanent sections yielded a prolonged disease free survival for all 45 patients with LM or LMM Because the MMS technique minimizes the removal of normal tissue, and the local cure rate in this study was superior to that reported for conventional surgery, the authors recommend this technique for the treatment of LM and LMM Cancer 1994; 73:2964–70
TL;DR: The observed pattern of eye-blink conditioning may indicate that persons with autism have the ability to rapidly associate paired stimuli but, depending on processing of certain contextual information, have impairments in modulating the timing and topography of the learned responses.
Abstract: Cerebellar and limbic system pathologies have been reported in persons with autism. Because these brain areas are involved centrally in the acquisition and performance in classical eye-blink conditioning, this study evaluated conditioning in 11 persons with autism. Compared to matched controls, persons with autism learned the task faster but performed short-latency, high-amplitude conditioned responses. In addition, differences in learning the extinction rates systematically varied with age thus suggesting a developmental conditioning abnormality in autism. The observed pattern of eye-blink conditioning may indicate that persons with autism have the ability to rapidly associate paired stimuli but, depending on processing of certain contextual information, have impairments in modulating the timing and topography of the learned responses. This abnormality may relate to deviant cerebellar-hippocampal interactions. The classical eye-blink conditioning paradigm may provide a useful model for understanding the biological and behavioral bases of autism.
TL;DR: A novel mouse model in which the dynamics of in vivo thrombosis can be studied showed that average clot size was significantly larger in mice immunized with IgG-APS compared to those treated with saline, and the thrombus persisted longer in a significantly higher number of mice immunizations.
Abstract: High levels of IgG antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with clinical thrombosis. It is uncertain however whether these antibodies play a direct role in thrombosis or are merely epiphenomena. To investigate whether antiphospholipid antibodies might play a role in thrombosis, we utilized a novel mouse model in which the dynamics of in vivo thrombosis can be studied. CD1 mice (26-30 g) were passively immunized with 25 mg of human IgG from a patient with the Antiphospholipid Syndrome (IgG-APS) (n = 17), IgG from normal pooled sera (TgG-NHS) (n = 9). or saline solution (n = 17), followed by 40 mg of the same preparations at 48 h. At 72 h, levels of human aPL antibodies, detected using the anticardiolipin ELISA test (aCL ELISA test), in mice immunized with IgG-APS, were 50-100 GPL units. Each animal was anesthetized, femoral vein minimally mobilized and subjected to a standardized “pinch” injury to induce thrombosis. The vessel was transilluminated using acrylic optical fibers connected to a light source, and clot formation and dissolution were visualized by a standard surgical microscope equipped with a video camera, video recorder, and computer assisted analysis system. Results showed that average clot size was significantly larger in mice immunized with IgG-APS compared to those treated with saline (p
TL;DR: This study reviews and assesses the scientific literature on observational techniques used to conduct postural stress analysis in industry, and classification of techniques into macropostural, micropastural and postural-work activity is outlined and evaluated.
TL;DR: Students who participated in suicide intervention classes showed significant gains in relevant knowledge about suicidal peers and significantly more positive attitudes toward help seeking and intervening with troubled peers.
Abstract: This study employed a self-report questionnaire in a Solomon four-groups design to assess the efficacy of suicide intervention classes in achieving their instructional objectives. Because adolescents are often the first to know of a peer's suicidal thoughts or plans, the goal of the classes was to increase the likelihood that students who come into contact with potentially suicidal peers can more readily identify them and will be consistently inclined to take responsible action on their behalf. Students who participated in the classes as compared to controls showed significant gains in relevant knowledge about suicidal peers and significantly more positive attitudes toward help seeking and intervening with troubled peers. Results of this study will be used to strengthen components of the lessons aimed at enhancing the likelihood of performance of responsible interventions.
TL;DR: The findings suggest the need for attention to prenatal expectations of postpartum support as a way to influence the incidence of post partum depression.
Abstract: Discrepancies between prenatal social support expectations and subsequent perceptions of support actually received were examined in relation to postpartum depression. Low-risk primiparous women (N = 105) were surveyed 1 month before and 1 month after delivery. Almost half of the women prenatally and one third postpartially had depression scores which would lead them to be classified as possibly depressed (CES-D scores of 16 or greater). In multiple regression, two social support discrepancy measures, prenatal depression and postpartal closeness to husband, correlated with postpartal depression and accounted for nearly 40% of its variance. The generalizability of the findings should be further explored, but the findings suggest the need for attention to prenatal expectations of postpartum support as a way to influence the incidence of postpartum depression. In addition, continued efforts to identify causes of postpartum closeness with the spouse are needed.
TL;DR: Data demonstrating the expression of functional hCG/LH receptors in human uterine arteries are novel and may have important implications for physiological uterine blood flow regulation, reproductive failure, and obstetrical hemorrhage.
Abstract: The present study investigated 1) whether extra- and intramyometrial arteries contain hCG/human LH receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and receptor protein, 2) whether hCG can bind to its vascular receptors and regulate the formation of vasoactive eicosanoids, and 3) whether hCG administration for ovulation induction can affect the vascular resistance in uterine arteries. The uterine arteries contain multiple hCG/LH receptor mRNA transcripts in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The uterine arteries also contain an 80-kilodalton immunoreactive receptor protein in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The extra- and intramyometrial arteries and an 80-kilodalton receptor protein bind [125I]hCG, which is inhibited by excess unlabeled hCG. The receptor mRNA, receptor protein, and ligand binding are higher in smaller intramyometrial arteries than in larger extramyometrial arteries. Incubation of uterine arteries with highly purified hCG resulted in a dose-dependent increase in immunoreactive cyclooxyge...
TL;DR: A murine model of oral cavity carcinogenesis is needed to study the molecular aspects of malignant transformation and Protocols were designed to investigate the temporal aspects of neoplastic transformation.
Abstract: Background. A murine model of oral cavity carcinogenesis is needed to study the molecular aspects of malignant transformation. 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), a water-soluble carcinogen, produces squamous cell carcinoma in rodents. Protocols were designed to investigate the temporal aspects of neoplastic transformation.
Methods. 4NQO was applied topically to mouse palates for up to 16 weeks. Mice were observed and killed from 24 to 49 weeks.
Results. A spectrum of lesions ranging from atypia to moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was produced. The severity of the lesions corresponded to the duration of treatment and the length of observation. There was no gross or microscopic evidence of an inflammatory reaction to 4NQO. The lesions were focal and normal mucosa predominated in the treated mice.
Conclusion. 4NQO reliably produced preneoplastic and malignant oral cavity lesions, which morphologically and histologically mimic human head and neck cancer. Lesions develop long after 4NQO exposure and without an inflammatory response. Thus, the model should be useful for molecular analysis of neoplastic transformation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: Results showed good overall correlation of quantitative anticardiolipin measurements between workshop participants and the Antiphospholipid Standardization Laboratory, and beta 2GP1 enhanced, but was not essential for, anticardiolaipin binding.
Abstract: An anticardiolipin wet workshop was conducted at the Fifth International Antiphospholipid Symposium (San Antonio, Texas, September 9-12, 1992). The workshop had four objectives: 1. to determine variability in measurement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA anticardiolipin of eight unknown sera; 2. to examine the correlation between three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and the Antiphospholipid Standardization Laboratory; 3. to examine protocols by which anticardiolipin binding to phospholipid antigens and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (beta 2GP1) might be compared; and 4. to examine the beta 2GP1 effect on cardiolipin binding activity. Results showed good overall correlation of quantitative anticardiolipin measurements between workshop participants and the Antiphospholipid Standardization Laboratory. Correlation with individual ELISA kits was also good. With respect to the third objective, all participants showed comparable binding to cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine but none to phosphatidylcholine or beta 2GP1. Finally, beta 2GP1 enhanced, but was not essential for, anticardiolipin binding. This workshop will not settle controversies about anticardiolipin measurement and specificity, but suggests protocols to resolve these issues.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of silica-aluminas with controlled composition has been synthesized and used as supports for Mo oxide catalysts, and the role of support composition upon the stability of various oxidic species, including products of solid state reaction between Mo oxide and silica alumina.
TL;DR: Air-abrasive technology has re-emerged in dentistry and is especially suited for use in bonded restorations, including advantages and limitations for the removal of stain, enamel, dentin and decay.
Abstract: The advantages of air-abrasive technology are discussed. Air-abrasive technology has re-emerged in dentistry. The history, characteristics and clinical applications of this approach are reviewed, including advantages and limitations for the removal of stain, enamel, dentin and decay. Air-abrasive technology may be especially suited for use in bonded restorations.
TL;DR: This article examined effects of message and program sensation value, sensation seeking, and drug use on visual attention to televised anti-drug public service announcements (PSAs) among 318 18-22-year-olds, who were placed individually in a simulated home environment with the opportunity to read from print media selections and/or watch a half-hour TV program including two presentations of the test PSA.
Abstract: This study examined effects of message and program sensation value, sensation seeking, and drug use on visual attention to televised anti-drug public service announcements (PSAs) among 318 18–22-year-olds, who were placed individually in a simulated home environment with the opportunity to read from print media selections and/or watch a half-hour TV program including two presentations of the test PSA. The TV program was high or low in sensation value. High sensation seekers paid greater attention to high sensation value programming and to PSA embedded in such programming, whereas low sensation seekers paid greater attention to PSA embedded in low sensation value programs. Ongoing attention to a program may help to sustain attention to a subsequent PSA. The findings relate to an activation model of information exposure and indicate that program sensation value and sensation seeking are important factors to be considered in the placement oftelevised drug abuse prevention messages.
TL;DR: The most frequent underreported morbidity after thyroid resection is transient hypocalcemia, and the significance of its identification is predominantly economic.
Abstract: Background: One of the issues in the debate surrounding the extent of thyroid excision for localized, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the low morbidity rate reported after all degrees of thyroid resection. This study was conducted to determine morbidity and mortality after surgical resection for thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one patients with thyroid carcinoma were identified from tumor registries at a university, veterans administration, and private hospital over a 36-year period. Forty-five patients (49%) underwent total thyroidectomy, 28 (31%) subtotal thyroidectomy, and 18 (20%) thyroid lobectomy. Results: Permanent postoperative local complications occurred in 4% of patients. Forty-four patients (48%) experienced temporary local complications: transient hypocalcemia in 38 (42%), airway obstruction in 3 (3%), postoperative bleeding in 2 (2%), and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 1 (1%). The local complication rate increased in direct relationship to the extent of thyroid resection. There were no postoperative deaths. Conclusion: The most frequent underreported morbidity after thyroid resection is transient hypocalcemia. Compared to other life-threatening or permanent postoperative complications that could occur, transient hypocalcemia is relatively less important, and the significance of its identification is predominantly economic.