University of Port Elizabeth

About: University of Port Elizabeth is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Estuary. The organization has 1067 authors who have published 1538 publications receiving 38560 citations. The organization is also known as: UPE & Universiteit van Port Elizabeth.

High leaf mass per area of related species assemblages may reflect low rainfall and carbon isotope discrimination rather than low phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations

Abstract: Summary 1. Leaf morphology at the site/species level should reflect environmental constraints on plant growth. One of the oldest controversies in ecology is the environmental basis for sclerophylly. The dominant view (Beadle’s theory) is that it has a nutritional, rather than a drought, basis, especially low phosphorus. 2. Using leaf mass per area (LMA) as an index of sclerophylly, we assessed its relationship with leaf phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) along extensive rainfall gradients in southwestern Australia and the Cape of South Africa. Leaf 13C/12C discrimination (Δ13C), as an index of intrinsic water-use efficiency, was also examined in the Cape. All Hakea species (Proteaceae) were sampled at 10 sites in Australia (96 species), and all Proteaceae at 14 sites in the Cape (82 species). All were evergreen shrubs with iso(bi)-lateral leaves. 3. In each region there was a strong (inverse) curvilinear relationship between mean LMA per site and mean annual rainfall and Δ13C, but none with mean P or N on a mass basis (although P and N on an area basis declined with rainfall). The Cape study was a particularly good test of Beadle’s theory, as P varied as much between sites as rainfall, and more between sites than within sites. 4. Leaf thickness and dry density were not as well correlated with rainfall as LMA, and leaf area and mass showed no relationship with rainfall. Area and mass had much greater variation within sites than between sites, limiting their value in plant–environment studies, while LMA was the most site-stable of the eight leaf attributes measured, except for Δ13C. 5. For all species considered individually in each region, there was a similar pattern as the site level, with LMA most strongly correlated (negatively) with rainfall and Δ13C and (positively) with leaf thickness, but no consistent relationship with P, N or density. 6. We conclude that when water and nutrient supply vary independently in the field, rainfall (as an index of water status) and Δ13C may be more closely correlated (inversely) with level of sclerophylly than nutrient status among evergreens, so that the role of sclerophylly as a drought adaptation warrants further consideration.

An Assessment of Habitat Diversity and Transformation on La Réunion Island (Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean) as a Basis for Identifying Broad-scale Conservation Priorities

Abstract: Most natural habitat in the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, La Reunion and Rodrigues) has been transformed. Although urbanisation, agriculture and alien plant invasions have transformed large areas in La Reunion, the island has by far the greatest area of intact habitats in the Mascarenes, but remaining natural areas are under threat. We propose a protocol for defining a system of habitat types and for using these to provide a preliminary assessment of conservation priorities for La Reunion. The protocol draws on existing data and expert knowledge to map habitat types, assesses the extent of habitat transformation, and quantifies heterogeneity between habitat types based on climate, topography and geology. The pattern of habitat transformation was uneven among the nineteen habitat types identified. While three habitats have lost > 95% of their original area, four still retain> 80% of their original extent. Habitat types could be grouped into the following categories: (i) transformed habitats with low levels of plant endemism, (ii) habitats confined to homogenous geology with high levels of plantendemism, and (iii) species-rich heterogeneous habitats on diverse geological types. Priority habitats were also identified using municipalities as a basis for implementation. Urgent action is required for several habitat types where a large part of the original extent has been transformed. Three municipalities which contain more than 10 habitat types should receive conservation priority. The analysis provides the basis for setting conservation priorities in La Reunion at the regional and local scale. Implications of the results are discussed with reference to requirements for finer-scale conservation planning.