Showing papers by "University of South Australia published in 1994"
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of microcystin-LR by eight different powdered activated carbons (PACs) was investigated and found to vary markedly between carbons.
181 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between family functioning and the involvement of adolescent schoolchildren in bully-hictim problems at school, and found that families of adolescent bullies were found to be functioning less well than others on the FFAQ, as also were the families of female but not male victims.
Abstract: The paper examines the relationship between family functioning and the involvement of adolescent schoolchildren in bullyhictim problems at school. Australian high school students between the ages of 13 and 16 years completed a Family Functioning in Adolescence Questionnaire (FFAQ) as a measure of the psychosocial well-being of their families. Students were also categorized on the basis of self-reports as bullies (g%), victims (lI?40), bully/victims (2%) and others (78%). The families of adolescent bullies were found to be functioning less well than others on the FFAQ, as also were the families of female but not male victims. Results for sub-groups of schoolchildren are examined with respect to specific dimensions of family functioning, and the implications of differences for family therapy are discussed.
159 citations
TL;DR: The surface oxidation of galena subject to various conditioning environments has been investigated by dissolution kinetics studies, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS).
135 citations
TL;DR: The electrochemical properties of kaolinite before and after modification with chlorodimethyl octadecylsilane have been studied by electrophoretic mobility, surface charge titration, and extrapolated yield stress measurements as a function of pH and ionic strength as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The electrochemical properties of kaolinite before and after modification with chlorodimethyl- octadecylsilane have been studied by electrophoretic mobility, surface charge titration, and extrapolated yield stress measurements as a function of pH and ionic strength. A heteropolar model of kaolinite, which views the particles as having a pH-independent permanent negative charge on the basal planes and a pH- dependent charge on the edges, has been used to model the data. The zeta potential and surface charge titration experimental data have been used simultaneously to calculate acid and ion complexation equi- librium constants using a surface complex model of the oxide-solution interface. The experimental data were modeled following subtraction of the basal plane constant negative charge, describing only the edge electrical double layer properties. Extrapolated yield stress measurements along with the electrochemical data were used to determine the edge isoelectric points for both the unmodified and modified kaolinite and were found to occur at pH values of 5.25 and 6.75, respectively. Acidity and ion complexation constants were calculated for both sets of data before and after surface modification. The acidity constants, pKat = 5.0 and pKa2 = 6.0, calculated for unmodified kaolinite, correlate closely with acidity constants determined by oxide studies for acidic sites on alumina and silica, respectively, and were, therefore, assigned to pH-dependent specific chemical surface hydroxyl groups on the edges of kaolinite. The parameters calculated for the modified kaolinite indicate that the silane has reacted with these pH- dependent hydroxyl groups causing both a change in their acidity and a concomitant decrease in their ionization capacity. Infrared data show that the long chain hydrocarbon silane is held by strong bonding to the kaolinite surface as it remains attached after washing with cyclohexane, heating, and dispersion in an aqueous environment.
107 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of roll wear control, including roll material properties, roll pass design, and system factors such as temperature, loads and sliding velocity, which can be achieved by computer-aided graphical and statistical analyses of various pass series.
96 citations
TL;DR: The bioequivalence requirements for generic products are reviewed and, in the interest of promoting international harmonisation, those areas where differences exist among countries are highlighted.
80 citations
TL;DR: Insights from critical and postmodern perspectives are used to explore some of the aspects of contemporary nursing practice and health care which are taken for granted to deconstruct the power relations implicit within the socio-political context of the health care arena in which nursing operates.
74 citations
01 May 1994
TL;DR: In this article, a mechanism involving the dissolution of lead ions followed by their readsorption as lead hydroxide ions or colloidal particles has been proposed to account for the changes in zeta potential occurring during surface oxidation.
Abstract: Zeta potential determinations have been used to study the oxidation of galena surfaces. The galena samples have been conditioned in aqueous solution at several pH values with various gases and for different amounts of time. A mechanism involving the dissolution of lead ions followed by their readsorption as lead hydroxide ions or colloidal particles has been proposed to account for the changes in zeta potential occurring during surface oxidation. The Gouy-Chapman-Stern double layer model has been used to calculate the zeta potential as a function of pH. The effect of sodium sulfide addition has also been investigated. To confirm this mechanism of oxidation, the adsorption of lead nitrate on quartz has been studied.
68 citations
TL;DR: The interview schedule was designed on problem-solving lines to establish whether children could identify and respond safely to a wide range of potentially unsafe situations and the number of initial gains by children with highly committed teachers was almost double the number achieved by teachers classified as having low levels of commitment.
61 citations
61 citations
TL;DR: Multinucleate syncytiotrophoblast can be isolated from the peripheral blood of normal pregnant women in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, and this isolated trophoblast may allow prenatal genetic diagnosis by a noninvasive technique.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the effects of praise in interpersonal interaction, and examine the view of praise as social reinforcement, a conception which roots praise firmly within an empiricist framework; this appears to have been the predominant theoretical view guiding previous research on praise.
Abstract: Praise is a common feature of interpersonal interaction. It is used to encourage, socialize, ingratiate, seduce, reward, and influence other people. These assorted usages reflect a widespread belief in the efficacy of praise for altering the behaviour and affective state of the recipient. Despite this assumed power of praise, and despite its salience and frequency in human social interaction, research interest in praise has been sporadic and intermittent, and not united within an all-embracing theoretical model.
In this article we will present an analysis of the effects of praise. We will begin by considering how to define praise. Next, we will examine the view of praise as social reinforcement, a conception which roots praise firmly within an empiricist framework; this appears to have been the predominant theoretical view guiding previous research on praise. We will conclude, however, that this view is conceptually inadequate to account for the empirical evidence. Because of that conclusion, our next step will be to provide a novel examination of the likely processes and consequences involved in praise. The remainder of the article will then be devoted to examining, where it is available, empirical evidence relevant to our analysis.
TL;DR: There are several clinical pharmacokinetic considerations that are pertinent to the decision to develop either an individual enantiomers or the racemate and in the majority of cases, these considerations favour proceeding down the enantiomer pathway.
Abstract: There are several clinical pharmacokinetic considerations that are pertinent to the decision to develop either an individual enantiomer or the racemate. In the majority of cases, these considerations favour proceeding down the enantiomer pathway. In the future, it is likely that very few new chiral drugs will be developed as racemates and those that are will come under rigorous scrutiny by the regulatory authorities. As commented recently by Cayen,[41] a member of the pharmaceutical industry, ‘Pharmaceutical companies are very much aware that, in the 1990s, racemate development will be cost ineffective and time-consuming. Regulatory agencies are asking the right questions and taking a very hard look at racemate NCEs (New Chemical Entities); the justification must be convincing. Therefore, why ask for trouble?’.
TL;DR: It is shown that the simple coupling of a 0.25-pitch GRIN lens and a single-mode optical fiber to form a collimator makes a nonimaging detector system with properties that are superior to conventional setups based on pinholes and that approaches the theoretical limit of a perfectly coherent detector.
Abstract: The recent development and availability of fiber-optic components including graded-index (GRIN) microlenses and the unique optical properties of single-mode optical fibers make it possible to build ideal detector systems for light-scattering measurements. We show that the simple coupling of a 0.25-pitch GRIN lens and a single-mode optical fiber to form a collimator makes a nonimaging detector system with properties that are superior to conventional setups based on pinholes and that approaches the theoretical limit of a perfectly coherent detector.
TL;DR: In this article, the oxidation of xanthate and other reagents with, Galena surfaces is discussed and the results of recent scanned microscopy investigations are summarised, and two case studies concerning the flotation behaviour of galena in operating plants are briefly reviewed.
TL;DR: The attachment efficiency between quartz particles of known contact angle and air bubbles of 0.75, 1.2 and 2.0 mm diameter has been determined for the first time as a function of particle size, contact angle, and ionic strength as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: New characterizations of the Hamiltonian cycles of a directed graph, and a new LP-relaxation of the Traveling Salesman Problem are derived via an embedding of these combinatorial optimization problems in suitably perturbed controlled Markov chains.
Abstract: In this paper we derive new characterizations of the Hamiltonian cycles of a directed graph, and a new LP-relaxation of the Traveling Salesman Problem. Our results are obtained via an embedding of these combinatorial optimization problems in suitably perturbed controlled Markov chains. This embedding lends probabilistic interpretation to many of the quantities of interest, which in turn lead naturally to the introduction of a quadratic entropy-like function.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the surface oxidation behavior of synthetic and natural galena samples and to contrast the different mechanisms for the air oxidation process using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM).
TL;DR: This paper illustrates some of the possibilities afforded nursing by poststructural analyses by exploring one of the central textual constructions, impacting on the way that nursing and nursing practice are conceptualized, the mind/body binary opposition.
Abstract: Nursing and nursing practice both construct and are in turn constructed by the context in which they operate. Texts plays a central part in that construction. As such, nursing and nursing practice can be considered to represent a reality that is textually mediated. This paper explores the notion of nursing as a textually mediated reality and offers the reader the possibility of engaging in reflection on what implications this has for nursing and their own nursing practice. The analyses provided draw on aspects of the work of both Foucault and Derrida. Foucault's notion of discourse provides a vehicle for the exploration of nursing as textually mediated, as does Derrida's concept of binary oppositions. The paper thus illustrates some of the possibilities afforded nursing by poststructural analyses. In particular it does this by exploring one of the central textual constructions, impacting on the way that nursing and nursing practice are conceptualized, the mind/body binary opposition.
21 Jun 1994
TL;DR: The aim has been the implementation of a mechanism which is general, efficient and fully transparent and which is reliable in the presence of network and processor failures.
Abstract: The design of a process migration mechanism for the Amoeba distributed operating system is described. The primary motivation for this implementation is to carry out experimental and realistic studies of load balancing algorithms for a distributed operating system. Our aim has been the implementation of a mechanism which is general, efficient and fully transparent and which is reliable in the presence of network and processor failures. >
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear filter for wave-equation extrapolation-based multiple suppression is designed in the f-k domain, where the multiple reject zones are determined automatically based on the information of the input original data and the multiple model traces obtained by the waveextrapolation method.
Abstract: A new nonlinear filter for wave-equation extrapolation-based multiple suppression is designed in the f-k domain. The realization of the new filter in the f-k domain is an extension of the conventional f-k dip filter. However, the new demultiple filter is superior to the conventional f-k dip filter in the sense that the multiple reject zones are determined automatically (based on the information of the input original data and the multiple model traces obtained by the waveextrapolation method) rather than by prior information on multiple moveout (dip) range. Therefore, it can easily cope with situations such as aliasing and the mixture of energy from multiples and primaries in the same quadrant. The new filter is smooth on the boundary of the reject area. Numerical examples demonstrate that the new filter is equivalent to the conventional f-k dip filter in multiple suppression for simple situations. However, when the multiples and primaries are mixed in the same quadrant and have only slight difference in dip, the new filter offers significant advantages over the conventional technique.
TL;DR: In this paper, the penetration of copper ions into the zinc sulphide lattice and the subsequent diffusion back to the solid-aqueous solution interface may be responsible for the time dependence of ethyl xanthate adsorption.
TL;DR: A general parity-check equation is presented that defines rotationally invariant trellis codes of rate k/(k+1) for two-dimensional signal sets and shows that the MPSK codes exhibit smaller free Euclidean distances than nonrotationally invariant linear codes with the same number of states.
Abstract: A general parity-check equation is presented that defines rotationally invariant trellis codes of rate k/(k+1) for two-dimensional signal sets. This parity-check equation is used to find rate k/(k+1) codes for 4PSK, 8PSK, 16PSK, and QAM signal sets by systematic code searches. The MPSK codes exhibit smaller free Euclidean distances than nonrotationally invariant linear codes with the same number of states. However, since the nonlinear codes have a smaller number of nearest neighbors, their performance at moderate signal to noise ratios is close to that of the best linear codes. The rotationally invariant QAM codes with 8, 32, 64, and 256 states achieve the same free Euclidean distance as the best linear codes. Transparency of user information under phase rotations is accomplished either by conventional differential encoding and decoding, or by integrating this function directly into the code trellis. >
TL;DR: While there are many applications of lasers in dentistry, few have advantages over existing technology and to date, lasers should be considered to be an adjunct to conventional techniques.
Abstract: While there are many applications of lasers in dentistry, few have advantages over existing technology. To date, lasers should be considered to be an adjunct to conventional techniques. There are also considerations of cost and rapid obsolescence of current laser equipment. The possible adverse effects of lasers on the tissues adjacent to those being irradiated, to users and to patients must also be considered.
TL;DR: A polyphase titanate ceramic incorporating sodium-free simulated high-level nuclear waste was doped with 0.91 wt% of [sup 224]Cm to accelerate the effects of long-term self-irradiation arising from [alpha] decays.
Abstract: A polyphase titanate ceramic incorporating sodium-free simulated high-level nuclear waste was doped with 0.91 wt% of [sup 224]Cm to accelerate the effects of long-term self-irradiation arising from [alpha] decays. The ceramic included three main constituent minerals: hollandite, perovskite, and zirconolite, with some minor phases. Although hollandite showed the broadening of its X-ray diffraction lines and small lattice parameter changes during damage in growth, the unit cell was substantially unaltered. Perovskite and zirconolite, which are the primary hosts of curium, showed 2.7% and 2.6% expansions, respectively, of their unit cell volumes after a dose of 12 [times] 10[sup 17] [alpha] decays[center dot]g[sup [minus]1]. Volume swelling due to damage in growth caused an exponential (almost linear) decrease in density, which reached 1.7% after a dose of 12.4 [times] 10[sup 17] [alpha] decays[center dot]g[sup [minus]1]. Leach tests on samples that had incurred doses of 2.0 [times] 10[sup 17] and 4.5 [times] 10[sup 17] [alpha] decays[center dot]g[sup [minus]1] showed that the rates of dissolution of cesium and barium were similar to analogous leach rates from the equivalent cold ceramic, while strontium and calcium leach rates were 2--15 times higher. Although the cerium, molybdenum, strontium, and calcium leach rates in the present material were similarmore » to those in the curium-doped sodium-bearing titanate ceramic reported previously, the cesium leach rate was 3--8 times lower.« less
TL;DR: An approach to teachingComputerized accounting information systems and integrating learning theories is presented via a practical example: the objectives of teaching computerized accounting and reasons for adopting the SYBIZ Rev L software package are presented.
Abstract: A background to the adoption of computing in accounting education is discussed. There has been considerable pressure by the accounting profession for information technology to be taught in tertiary accounting courses. While accommodating these expectations, accounting academics have been concerned that such teaching should focus on conceptual understanding, rather than training. Research on effectiveness of computers and the learning of accounting concepts has been considered and found to be inconclusive and conflicting. It has been argued that an understanding of learning theory is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of teaching computerized accounting. An approach to teaching computerized accounting information systems and integrating learning theories is presented via a practical example: the objectives of teaching computerized accounting and reasons for adopting the SYBIZ Rev L software package are presented. The chosen approach in developing the teaching and learning material is outlined and linke...
TL;DR: Competencies and competency development must be carefully monitored if Australian nurses are to avoid some of the pitfalls associated with this approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theoretical framework for teachers' views on school discipline, which they call the teachers' view on School Discipline (TSDS), based on a theoretical approach.
Abstract: (1994). Teachers’ Views on School Discipline: a theoretical framework. Cambridge Journal of Education: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 261-276.
TL;DR: On the basis of pore-forming properties in planar lipid bilayers and channel inhibition with maltotriose solutions, a nonspecific, general diffusion porin and a LamB-like maltoporin were identified in both CROMP and carbohydrate-reactive porin preparations.
Abstract: Two outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila A6, isolated in a one-step affinity chromatography process based on carbohydrate reactivity, were found to be pore-forming molecules in artificial planar bilayer membranes. These carbohydrate-reactive outer membrane proteins (CROMPs; M(r)s, 40,000 and 43,000) were subjected to amino acid analysis. The amino acid profiles for these two outer membrane proteins were almost identical. A partial protein sequence of a 14-amino-acid fragment of the 40,000-Da protein revealed homology with outer membrane porins of Escherichia coli and A. hydrophila. CROMPs were compared with carbohydrate-reactive porins also extracted from outer membranes of A. hydrophila A6. These porins were isolated by using standard porin purification techniques (insolubility in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, solubility in 0.4 M NaCl, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration), and then Synsorb H type 2 affinity chromatography was done. The physical and functional properties of the carbohydrate-reactive porins and CROMPs were found to be identical. On the basis of pore-forming properties in planar lipid bilayers and channel inhibition with maltotriose solutions, a nonspecific, general diffusion porin and a LamB-like maltoporin were identified in both CROMP and carbohydrate-reactive porin preparations. To our knowledge, the use of carbohydrate reactivity to isolate channel-forming proteins from bacterial outer membranes has not been reported previously.
14 Dec 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the robustness of digital control of continuous plants using generalized sample hold functions using the frequency domain technique was investigated, and a quantitative stability analysis of the closed-loop system under different plant model perturbations was provided.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the robustness of digital control of continuous plants using generalized sample hold functions. Using the frequency domain technique, the authors relate several previous results on this issue within a unified framework, give a quantitative stability analysis of the closed-loop system under different plant model perturbations, and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of this class of controllers. >