Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1985"
TL;DR: The present results demonstrate that, following the primary insult, this damage evolves relatively rapidly within the first 4–12 h, and there is no evidence that additional necrotic neurons are recruited after longer recovery periods.
Abstract: In the course of a study on the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis in severe hypoglycemia, the morphological characteristics reflecting reversible and irreversible neuronal lesions were examined as a function of time following normalization of blood glucose. To that end, closely spaced time intervals were studied in the rat cerebral cortex before, during, and up to 1 year after standardized pure hypoglycemic insults of 30 and 60 min of cerebral isoelectricity.
252 citations
TL;DR: The general outline of a multicentre study on the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and their determinants in children of various ages in different parts of Finland is described.
Abstract: The paper describes the general outline of a multicentre study on the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and their determinants in children of various ages in different parts of Finland. The study was a cross-sectional one, and was carried out in 1980 in five university cities of Finland with medical schools and in 12 rural communities in their vicinity. The randomized sample included an equal number of boys and girls, aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years, and an equal number of urban and rural population in each area. The total sample size was 4,320 subjects, and of these 3,596 participated (83.1%). The families received before the medical examination of the child, questionnaires on the socioeconomic background the child's general health and development, the parents' and grandparents' health status, and the child's food and exercise habits. At the physical examination also a fasting blood sample (lipids, insulin, trace elements) was taken, a bundle of hair was cut for trace element analysis, and a 48-hour recall on food intake was obtained from every second subject. 19.5% of the children had in their history some long-term disease, allergic diseases being the most common. CHD and other cardiovascular diseases were significantly more frequent among the grandparents and parents in eastern than in western Finland. The study is meant to be a basis for a longitudinal study.
216 citations
TL;DR: During the period of 1976 to 1981, a total of 412 young athletes contacted the Turku Sports Medical Research Unit's (TSMRU) Outpatient Sports Clinic with 586 records, which included 68 athletes with Os good-Schlatter's disease (OSD), who were initially pre scribed an average of 2 months' rest from any physical activity causing pain.
Abstract: During the period of 1976 to 1981, a total of 412 young athletes contacted the Turku Sports Medical Research Unit's (TSMRU) Outpatient Sports Clinic with 586 complaints. These records included 68 athletes with Osgood-Schlatter's disease (OSD), who were initially prescribed an average of 2 months' rest from any physical activity causing pain. Symptoms of tibial tuberosity pain occurred first at the average age of 13.1 years. According to the retrospective questionnaire, the pain caused complete cessation of training for an average of 3.2 months, and the disease interfered with fully effective training for an average of 7.3 months. According to a retrospective questionnaire given to 389 students (191 girls and 198 boys), 50 (12.9%) had suffered from OSD. Nearly one-half of the students, 193 (49.6%), had been active in sports at the age of 13, and 41 (21.2%) of them had suffered from OSD. In those students who were not active in sports, the incidence was only nine (4.5%; P less than 0.001). The incidence (32%) was higher in the siblings of the OSD patients of TSMRU who were active in sports than in the corresponding student group (21.2%). In a group of 22 patients from the TSMRU who had suffered from Sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis), the incidence of OSD (68%) was significantly higher than in students who were active in sports (P less than 0.001).
184 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985TL;DR: This chapter discusses models of computation, Rudiments of language theory, and trends in automata and language theory as well as describing the development of Turing machines and recursive functions in the 1990s.
Abstract: Editor's statement Foreword G. Rozenberg Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: models of computation 2. Rudiments of language theory 3. Restricted automata 4. Turing machines and recursive functions 5. Famous decision problems 6. Computational complexity 7. Cryptography 8. Trends in automata and language theory Historical and bibliographical remarks
141 citations
TL;DR: This study studied the fecundity of Epirrita autumnata Bkh.
Abstract: . 1. We studied the fecundity of Epirrita autumnata Bkh. (Lepidoptera) in relation to pupal weight of females and males.
2. There was no clear correlation between male size and the success in fertilization over a considerable range of weights (from 50 mg to over 100 mg) although in one experiment only large males were successful in multiple fertilizations.
3. In the three experiments where small males (<50 mg) were used they showed reduced performance, and a large proportion of them was sterile.
4. Unlike in males, the number of eggs laid by females correlated linearly with pupal weight over the whole range of female weights.
134 citations
TL;DR: Growth of twigs, mature leaf size, and ability of trees to recover in the year following artificial defoliation correlated positively with the sum of degree days in the previous growing season, and between-site differences in foliage phenol content were mainly determined by abiotic conditions, like temperature and nutrient availability.
Abstract: We studied growth of the mountain birch, and the role of foliage phenols, nitrogen, and variance in the timing of bud burst, as potential defensive characters, in Finnish Lapland in 1975–1979. Annual and local variation both in phenol and nitrogen concentration of foliage were significant. Individual trees retained their position in the foliage and nitrogen distribution of the population in successive years, as well as in the order of leaf flush in spring. Growth of twigs, mature leaf size, and ability of trees to recover in the year following artificial defoliation correlated positively with the sum of degree days in the previous growing season. Foliage nitrogen correlated negatively with foliage phenols in within-site comparisons. Twig growth correlated negatively with foliage phenols, particularly in growing seasons following cool summers, but did not correlate with foliage nitrogen. Birches flushing early did not grow more than birches flushing late. Between-site differences in foliage phenol content were mainly determined by abiotic conditions, like temperature and nutrient availability. In a between-site comparison insect chewing marks in leaves correlated positively with foliage phenols as well as with nitrogen; intensity of invertebrate predation presumably explained variable herbivory between the sites. In a within-site comparison trees with the highest foliage phenol content had few herbivores only at the site with the highest average phenol level.
132 citations
TL;DR: Observations do not support a role for antibodies to the 200-kilodalton protein of neurofilament triplet proteins in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
Abstract: There is substantial evidence that human serum contains antibodies to many autoantigens. For example, all healthy people have autoantibodies (immunoglobulin M) to some undefined brain antigens. In this study immunoblots and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect antibodies to neural tissues in serum samples from 200 healthy people and 200 patients with various neurological diseases. Ninety-nine percent of the 400 subjects had serum immunoglobulin M and 95 percent had immunoglobulin G that bound to a 200-kilodalton protein in homogenates of neural tissues. In most cases there were no antibodies to anything else in the homogenates. The 200-kilodalton protein was the heaviest of the neurofilament triplet proteins. These observations do not support a role for antibodies to the 200-kilodalton protein of neurofilaments in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
127 citations
TL;DR: Rat seminiferous tubule segments can be traced in culture with great accuracy in experiments relating to local regulation of spermatogenesis, and preleptotene and zygotene sperMatocytes from the same cell association differentiated synchronously.
Abstract: Rat seminiferous tubule segments have been cultured in chemically defined medium (F12/DMEM 1:1) without added hormones or growth factors. The segments (1-2 mm) were isolated from defined stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (VIII and XII) by transillumination-assisted microdissection. The precise stages were examined by phase contrast microscopy of live cells squashed carefully out from the adjacent segments between glass slides. The squash technique was also used for a primary screening of the cultured tubules. Pachytene primary spermatocytes from stages VIII to XII of the cycle were able to complete meiotic divisions in vitro. From stage XII, they differentiated up to step 5 spermatids, expressed their specific antigens, and developed characteristic movement patterns of the flagellum and of the chromatoid body. Preleptotene and zygotene spermatocytes from the same cell association differentiated synchronously, as judged by chromosome morphology, characteristic chromosome rotation in zygotene and early pachytene, and by development of specific antigen expression. The elongation phase of spermiogenesis did not proceed normally in vitro. The rate of differentiation was the same as observed earlier in vivo. Earlier studies with [3H]thymidine labeling and autoradiography only permitted follow-up of the development of preleptotene spermatocytes. With the present method, all stages of spermatogenesis can be traced in culture with great accuracy in experiments relating to local regulation of spermatogenesis.
108 citations
TL;DR: Heavy damage of the mountain birch foliage, as well as application of small amounts of insect frass to the soil beneath the trees, reduced growth of Epirrita autumnata larvae reared in these trees in the following year.
Abstract: Heavy damage of the mountain birch foliage, as well as application of small amounts of insect frass to the soil beneath the trees, reduced growth of Epirrita autumnata larvae reared in these trees in the following year. Foliage damage in the previous year decreased larval survival, too. Both foliage damage and insect frass in the soil decreased a fecundity index which combined the effects of size and survival. Because application of small amounts of fertilizers had an effect indistinguishable from that of insect frass, the effect of the frass may base on responses of trees to an increase in soil nutrient concentration in mid-summer. In previously untreated control trees, all performance indices (growth, survival, and egg production) of Epirrita correlated positively with the distance of the birch from the closest birch defoliated in the previous year, indicating “communication” between adjacent trees. Epirrita egg production in trees that had been both defoliated and treated with frass in the previous summer was at least 70% lower than in previously unmanipulated control trees.
107 citations
TL;DR: Stool samples were obtained from 4545 patients for the diagnosis of parasitic infections during 13 mo, and it was found that 119 of these patients excreted oocysts of Cryptosporidium, which seems to be acquired from similar sources as giardiasis.
107 citations
TL;DR: The observed early dendrotoxic changes, and the dendrosomal, axon-sparing nature of the lesion implicate an excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemia.
Abstract: A detailed light- and electron-microscopic study of the damage to the rat dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia was undertaken, in view of the previously advanced hypothesis that hypoglycemic nerve cell injury is mediated by a released neurotoxin. The distribution of neuronal necrosis showed a relationship to the subarachnoid cisterns. Electron microscopy of the dentate granule cells and their apical dendrites revealed dendrosomal, axon-sparing neuronal pathology. Dentate granule cells were affected first in the dendrites in the outer layer of the stratum moleculare, sparing axons of passage and terminal boutons. Subsequently, the neuronal perikarya were affected, and Wallerian degeneration of axons followed. Cell membrane abnormalities preceded the appearance of mitochondrial flocculent densities and degradation of the cytoskeleton, and are suggested to be early lethal changes. The observed early dendrotoxic changes, and the dendrosomal, axon-sparing nature of the lesion implicate an excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemia.
TL;DR: The method developed for epidemiological estimation of habitual physical activity among 3 to 18‐year‐old Finnish boys and girls was discussed, discussing the reliability and validity of the method and the results of the application of this strategy are reported.
Abstract: As part of the more extensive project concerned with atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children, this article aims at describing the method developed for epidemiological estimation of habitual physical activity, discussing the reliability and validity of the method and reporting the results of the application of this strategy in the measurement of habitual physical activity among 3 to 18-year-old Finnish boys and girls. The questionnaire for the measurement of physical activity was addressed to the parents of 3- and 6-year-old subjects (younger group) and to the subjects themselves in 9- to 18-year-olds (older group). Using four variables in the younger group and nine variables in the older group, sum indices of physical activity were made. Internal consistency coefficients (Kuder--Richardson) varied in the younger group from .57 to .63 and in the older group from .56 to .79. Most Finnish children and adolescents were physically active during their leisure-time. For comparison of passive and active children, screening for passive ones was difficult. Differences between East and West Finland associated with many risk factors, were not detected in the physical activity patterns of children and adolescents. On the other hand, the physical activity pattern was significantly determined by the local environment. In sparsely populated areas, young people were more inactive than in densely populated areas.
TL;DR: A multicentre study on atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents was carried out in five urban and 12 rural areas in the autumn of 1980 and spring of 1981, finding that newborn boys had lower mean TC, HDL‐C and LDL‐C values than the girls.
Abstract: . A multicentre study on atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents was carried out in five urban and 12 rural areas in the autumn of 1980 and spring of 1981. Serum lipids, i.e. cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated in 630 newborns and 3,596 children aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years. In the newborns the mean serum TC concentration was 1.50 mmol/l, and the ratio of HDL-C to TC was 0.44. Newborn boys had lower mean TC, HDL-C and LDL-C values than the girls. In 3 to 18-year-old children the mean TC, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations were 4.83 mmol/l, 3.09 mmol/l and 1.38 mmol/l, respectively. During puberty, TC mean values decreased, more so in boys. The serum levels of HDL-C also decreased, especially in boys, and after passing puberty boys had lower mean HDL-C levels than girls (1.26 vs. 1.39 mmol/l, p
TL;DR: Changes in muscarinic receptor binding show that the cholinergic neurons in the limbic system are especially vulnerable in patients with AD and CD.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that some episodes of otitis media are associated with viral infection and that the disease may be solely due to viral infection, at least during an epidemic of respiratory virus infections.
Abstract: Antigens of respiratory viruses were tested by immunoassay of the middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal secretions of 137 children with acute otitis media. The following were found: (1) an epidemic of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) caused a significant increase in the occurrence of acute otitis media. (2) Fifteen percent of the children had RSV antigens in middle ear fluid, and in 7% RSV was the sole pathogen found. Adenovirus antigens were found in the middle ear fluid of 3% of the children. (3) Bacteriologic findings in otitis media related and unrelated to viral (RSV) infection were similar. These findings indicate that some episodes of otitis media are associated with viral infection and that the disease may be solely due to viral infection. Thus, at least during an epidemic of respiratory virus infections, treatment failures--e.g., fever and earache unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy--may be due to a viral etiology of acute otitis media.
TL;DR: Dans la plupart des infections a virus grippal, parainfluenza ou syncytial respiratoire, the CRP etait <40 mg/l et la leucocytose < a 15×10 9 /l, ce qui est typique des maladies virales et les oppose classiquement aux infections bacteriennes ou le taux serique de CRP.
TL;DR: Two strains of a geometrid defoliator, Epirrita autumnata, were used in bioassays to test existence and relative efficacy of rapid, wound-induced foliage resistance in two provenances of the white birch and moths achieved relatively higher pupal weights on the birch provenance matching their origin.
Abstract: Two strains of a geometrid defoliator, Epirrita autumnata, were used in bioassays to test existence and relative efficacy of rapid, wound-induced foliage resistance in two provenances of the white birch. One birch and one moth strain originated in the outbreak range of the moth and another outside it. Both birch provenances responded to manual leaf damage by changes in foliage quality which significantly retarded growth of the insects, reducing their pupal weights and protracting larval periods. Leaves which were previously damaged were lower quality as Epirrita food than adjacent intact leaves. Both of them were lower quality than intact leaves without damaged leaves nearby. Because of variance between years in the efficacy of the response, and because of different transfer distances of the provenances to the common garden where the experiments were performed, we could not ascertain whether there is any overall difference in the efficacy of rapid inducible responses between the provenances. Both moth strains were affected by wound-induced deterioration in foliage quality. There were no differences in how the moth strains experienced inducible resistance in the two birch provenances. Moths achieved relatively higher pupal weights on the birch provenance matching their origin. Moths from the outbreak range completed their larval period in a shorter time and pupated in a smaller size and, due to dependence of fecundity on size, had a lower potential rate of increase than insects outside the outbreak range.
TL;DR: On the ground of BMI and skinfold rneasurements the authors have reason to believe that the prevalence of obesity at 3–18 years of age is similar in Finland as in other countries in Europe.
Abstract: . In a Finnish Multicentre Study, height, weight and skinfold thicknesses were measured in 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-year-old children (N = 3,596). Height and weight percentiles superimposed on the current Finnish growth charts were above the standards in 6—15-year-old boys and 3–12-year-old girls. Triceps skinfold thickness percentiles (10 % and 90 %) appeared to be closest to British values and below American values. Weight, body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thicknesses showed good intercorrelations (up to .90) except in young boys. Height had a low positive correlation with BMI (.28 to .36) and with skinfold thickness (23 to .36) in the age groups 6–12 years. BMI and subscapular skinfold seem to be useful obesity indicators. No consistent correlations were seen between physical variables and serum LDL- or total cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations. There was a slight negative correlation between the physical variables and serum HDL-cholesterol. Apoprotein A1 correlated negatively to all obesity indicators in 12-year-old girls. Serum triglycerides showed slight positive correlation to physical variables. BMI and skinfolds had a low to moderate correlation with insulin (.21–.51) mainly in the three oldest age groups. On the ground of BMI and skinfold rneasurements we have reason to believe that the prevalence of obesity at 3–18 years of age is similar in Finland as in other countries in Europe.
TL;DR: A malignant rhabdoid tumour of the prostatic region in a 14-year old boy was described in this paper, which showed positive immunoreactivity for epidermal prekeratin, monoclonal cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and monoclanal vimentin but was negative for myoglobin, alfa-fetoprotein and lysozyme.
Abstract: We describe a malignant rhabdoid tumour of the prostatic region in a 14-year old boy. The tumour showed positive immunoreactivity for epidermal prekeratin, monoclonal cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and monoclonal vimentin but was negative for myoglobin, alfa-fetoprotein and lysozyme. Electron microscopy revealed pleomorphic cells with collections of paranuclear intermediate filaments, sheaves of tonofilaments and abundant microvilli in some tumour cells. Epithelial derivation was also suggested by occasional intracytoplasmic lumina and rare cell junctions.
TL;DR: The fine structural alterations in chronic Achilles paratenonitis were studied in tissue samples obtained from 14 athletes, who were operated on for this complaint and from 3 patients without any history of this disease.
Abstract: Summary The fine structural alterations in chronic Achilles paratenonitis were studied in tissue samples obtained from 14 athletes, who were operated on for this complaint and from 3 patients without any history of this disease. In the chronically inflamed paratendineal tissue mainly two types of cells were identified: 1) classic fibroblasts with a smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and only a few mitochondria and lysosomes and 2) myofibroblast-like cells with cytoplasmic microfilaments 5–6 nm in diameter, a rough endoplasmic reticulum, some mitochondrias and free ribosomes. These cells represented 19% of 471 studied non-inflammatory cells. In the extracellular space there was an increased amount of fibrils regarded as either type I or type III collagen as sign of tissue repair. Especially around the myofibroblastic cells a fine granular ground substance was found. The amount of ground substance was as a rule increased in pericellular space. Due to the capacity of contraction in healing tissue the myofibroblasts apparently have a role in the clinical symptoms of chronic Achilles paratenonitis.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that during the early phases of the repair process there is a reversion to the collagens typically present in high proportions in embryonic dermal connective tissue, suggesting that the fibroblasts have the ability to modify their product expression under varying circumstances.
Abstract: Changes in the collagen types and cross-linking of granulation and scar tissue in the injured site of partially ruptured gastrocnemius muscle were studied after a reproducible contusion injury to the left calf of a rat. In normal i.m. collagen the proportion of Type I collagen was considerably higher than Type III. Following injury there was a rapid increase in the proportion of Type III collagen reaching a maximum at 5 days after injury. After a further 2 days the proportion of Type I had increased significantly resulting in a decrease of the Type III/I ratio to below that of the control. However, as healing progressed there was a gradual shift back to the Type III/I ratio for normal i.m. collagen.
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that there may be denervation supersensitivity of striatal neurons and also a loss of striatonigral neurons in Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: The results indicate that immunocytochemical methods can be used for the diagnosis of periapical actinomycosis at the species level and Actinomyces and Arachnia species seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of complicated periAPical infections.
Abstract: Immunocytochemical methods were used for the demonstration of Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii and Arachnia propionica in bacterial colonies found in 7 routine biopsies from periapical inflammatory lesions. All 3 species were found in one specimen, both A. israelii and A. propionica in 3 specimens, and one of each species in the remaining 3 biopsies. Specificity controls by enzyme immunoassay showed that antiserum to A. israelii reacted also with A. odontolylicus, and that to A. naeslundii with A. viscosus, while antiserum to A. propionica did not show any cross-reactions with Actinomyces species. The results indicate that immunocytochemical methods can be used for the diagnosis of periapical actinomycosis at the species level. Actinomyces and Arachnia species seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of complicated periapical infections.
TL;DR: Changes in the denture-bearing mucosa in patients with complete dentures and negative height of the mandibular alveolar process decreased the bite force slightly, but the best biting area was located more posteriorly in patients who still had some natural teeth left in both jaws.
Abstract: Maximal bite force was measured and intraoral condition was examined in 89 patients at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku. These patients formed three different denture groups: those with complete dentures, those with full maxillary denture and partial mandibular denture, and those with natural dentition or skeleton-supported partial maxillary denture and partial mandibular denture. There were three age groups: ±70, 60-69, and 59 years old. Maximal bite force was recorded with an appliance at seven different measuring points by placing a biting fork between the antagonistic teeth while at the same time the occlusion was stabilized contralaterally with a plastic tube. Maximal bite force had a correlation with age and sex (P < 0.01). In partial-denture groups high bite force had a positive correlation with the breaking of dentures (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Satisfied patients had a higher bite force than dissatisfied ones. When there was some disturbance in occlusion, the bite forc...
TL;DR: The component alkyl chains are similar in both fish and plankton fatty acids, thus suggesting the planktonic origin, and during the period of abundant availability of plankton the changes in the fatty acids of the herring depot fat are related to theChanges in the plankon lipid composition.
Abstract: Triglycerides and phospholipids dominate in Baltic herring flesh lipids throughout the plankton growth season though at the same time plankton species and their lipids vary considerably. Wax esters and fatty alcohols do not exist in significant amounts in Baltic herring flesh or plankton. Saturated fatty acids exist in equal proportions in herring and plankton lipids whereas monoenoic acids are more dominant in herring and polyunsaturated acids in plankton lipids, respectively. The component alkyl chains are similar in both fish and plankton fatty acids, thus suggesting the planktonic origin. During the period of abundant availability of plankton the changes in the fatty acids of the herring depot fat are related to the changes in the plankton lipid composition.
TL;DR: Although the relative yield of the meiotic reductive divisions in vitro is comparable with that observed in vivo, steps 9 and 15 of spermiogenesis involving nucleoprotein transitions and spermiation itself did not occur under the present culture conditions.
Abstract: The stages of the rat seminiferous epithelial cycle have been isolated for flow cytometric analysis of DNA and for culture, using transillumination-assisted microdissection. Precise stages have been identified by phase contrast microscopy of live cell squashes from adjacent segments. Each stage of the cycle showed a characteristic flow cytometric pattern with haploid (1C), diploid (2C) and tetraploid (4C) peaks. Stages I to VIII of the cycle showed an additional hypofluorescent (0.25-0.70C) peak due to a reduced dye-binding capacity of maturation phase-spermatids at steps 15 through 19. The appearance of the hypofluorescent haploid peak coincided with the second nucleoprotein transition at step 15 of spermiogenesis and the homogeneous condensation of the chromatin seen in electron microscopy. As a concomitant of the formation of disulphide bonds during epididymal maturation, the fluorescence intensity decreased further to reach a relative value of 0.07C in the cauda epididymidis. The constant 1C peak was raised by round and elongating spermatids (steps 1-14), 2C by spermatogonia, secondary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells, and the 4C peak by primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia at G2 or M phase of the mitotic cycle. The proportion of each peak accurately reflected the relative proportion of cells in most stages of the cycle when compared with morphometric measurements of histologic preparations. DNA flow cytometry is a suitable method for quantitative evaluation of cultured seminiferous tubule segment DNA. Although the relative yield of the meiotic reductive divisions in vitro is comparable with that observed in vivo, steps 9 and 15 of spermiogenesis involving nucleoprotein transitions and spermiation itself did not occur under the present culture conditions.
TL;DR: The results indicated that the thickness of enamel and that of 'dentin' are increased in the teeth of 47,XYY males compared with normal controls, and that the difference in tooth size between males and females is explained by a differential growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome.
Abstract: Enamel thickness of the maxillary permanent central incisors and canines in 14 47,XYY males, their male and female relatives and population-control males and females were determined from radiographs. The results indicated, although not fully unambiguously, that the thickness of enamel and that of 'dentin' (distance between mesial and distal dentino-enamel junctions) are increased in the teeth of 47,XYY males compared with normal controls. Earlier results have indicated a direct growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome on tooth growth by influencing both enamel formation and, possibly through cell proliferations, growth of dentin. The present results can be considered additional evidence for the presence of the factors within the Y chromosome controlling different growth processes. Tooth size measurements in two males with deletions of the parts of the y chromosome suggested that there may be a specific growth-promoting gene(s) in the non-fluorescent part of the long arm. It is suggested that the way of influence of the Y chromosome on the amelogenesis is regulatory, and that the difference in tooth size between males and females is explained by a differential growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome.
TL;DR: No evidence of a trait marker for manic-depressive illness among CSF monoamines and their metabolites is found and dopaminergic and serotonergic metabolites were highly correlated in the CSF of all three groups.
TL;DR: The results indicate that denervation atrophy in muscles is accompanied by striking fibrotic changes due to mesenchymal types I and III collagen.
Abstract: The distribution of collagen types I, III, and V and fibronectin was investigated by means of immunofluorescent techniques in denervated and normal rat skeletal muscle. During a period of 28 days, a distinct atrophy developed in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle and was accompanied by an increase in types I and III collagen in the endomysium and perimysium. The amount of type V collagen showed little change, whereas fibronectin increase closely parallelled types I and III collagen. The results indicate that denervation atrophy in muscles is accompanied by striking fibrotic changes due to mesenchymal types I and III collagen.
TL;DR: The decrease in headache frequency as calculated from the headache diaries correlated with the decrease in the index of clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction.
Abstract: To analyse the effect of treatment of mandibular dysfunction on headache, 35 patients with migraine, 20 patients with combination headache and 36 patients with muscle contraction headache were studied in a clinical double-blind trial. Patients in the treatment group received occlusal adjustment and those in the placebo group mock occlusal adjustment. After eight months and four months, respectively, the neurologist evaluated the treatment outcome. The frequency of headache was reduced in 79% and the intensity in 53% of patients suffering from muscle contraction headache or combination headache in whom the adjustment of the dental occlusion had been successfully accomplished. The difference from the placebo group was statistically significant. The decrease in headache frequency as calculated from the headache diaries correlated with the decrease in the index of clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction.