Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire published in 2001"
TL;DR: A genome-wide linkage map is developed for the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), an extensively studied teleost fish that has undergone rapid divergence and speciation since the melting of glaciers 15,000 years ago.
Abstract: The genetic and molecular basis of morphological evolution is poorly understood, particularly in vertebrates. Genetic studies of the differences between naturally occurring vertebrate species have been limited by the expense and difficulty of raising large numbers of animals and the absence of molecular linkage maps for all but a handful of laboratory and domesticated animals. We have developed a genome-wide linkage map for the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), an extensively studied teleost fish that has undergone rapid divergence and speciation since the melting of glaciers 15,000 years ago. Here we use this map to analyse the genetic basis of recently evolved changes in skeletal armour and feeding morphologies seen in the benthic and limnetic stickleback species from Priest Lake, British Columbia. Substantial alterations in spine length, armour plate number, and gill raker number are controlled by genetic factors that map to independent chromosome regions. Further study of these regions will help to define the number and type of genetic changes that underlie morphological diversification during vertebrate evolution.
514 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the moderating role of equity sensitivity in determining the relationship between psychological contract breach and employees' attitudes and behaviors and found that entitled individuals were more likely to have negative affect toward their organization and greater decreases in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior than benevolent individuals following a breach of extrinsic outcomes.
Abstract: This study examined the moderating role of equity sensitivity in determining the relationship between psychological contract breach and employees' attitudes and behaviors. Entitled individuals were expected to have greater increases in negative affect toward their organization and greater decreases in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior than benevolent individuals following a breach of extrinsic outcomes (i.e., pay, benefits). Conversely, benevolents were expected to respond more negatively than their entitled counterparts following a breach of intrinsic outcomes (i.e., autonomy, growth). Results supported most of the study's propositions. Practical implications as well as directions for future research are discussed.
283 citations
TL;DR: It appears that only those nursing homes that sought the additional intensive support of the gerontological clinical nurse specialist were able to effect enough change in clinical practice to improve resident outcomes significantly.
Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine if simply providing nursing facilities with comparative quality performance information and education about quality improvement would improve clinical practices and subsequently improve resident outcomes, or if a stronger intervention, expert clinical consultation with nursing facility staff, is needed. Design and methods Nursing facilities (n = 113) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: workshop and feedback reports only, workshop and feedback reports with clinical consultation, and control. Minimum Data Set (MDS) Quality Indicator (QI) feedback reports were prepared and sent quarterly to each facility in intervention groups for a year. Clinical consultation by a gerontological clinical nurse specialist (GCNS) was offered to those in the second group. Results With the exception of MDS QI 27 (little or no activity), no significant differences in resident assessment measures were detected between the groups of facilities. However, outcomes of residents in nursing homes that actually took advantage of the clinical consultation of the GCNS demonstrated trends in improvements in QIs measuring falls, behavioral symptoms, little or no activity, and pressure ulcers (overall and for low-risk residents). Implications Simply providing comparative performance feedback is not enough to improve resident outcomes. It appears that only those nursing homes that sought the additional intensive support of the GCNS were able to effect enough change in clinical practice to improve resident outcomes significantly.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the development of bipolar outflows during the early post-AGB evolution of a sample of 10 bipolar OH/IR stars with irregular OH spectra and unusually large expansion velocities.
Abstract: We investigate the development of bipolar outflows during the early post-AGB evolution. A sample of 10 OH/IR stars with irregular OH spectra and unusually large expansion velocities is observed at high angular resolution. The sample includes bipolar nebulae (e.g., OH231.8+4.2), bright post-AGB stars (HD 101584) and reflection nebulae (e.g., Roberts 22). The IRAS colour–colour diagram separates the sample into different types of objects. One group may contain the immediate progenitors to the (few) extreme bipolar planetary nebulae. Two objects show colours and chemistry very similar to the planetary nebulae with late IR-[WC] stars. One object is a confirmed close binary.
A model is presented consisting of an outer AGB wind which is swept up by a faster post-AGB wind, with either the AGB or post-AGB wind being non-spherically symmetric. The interface of the two winds is shown to exhibit a linear relation between velocity and distance from the star, giving the impression of an accelerating outflow. The OH data confirm the predicted linear velocity gradients, and also reveal torus-like, uniformly expanding components.
All sources are discussed in detail using optical/HST images where available. ISO data for Roberts 22 reveal a chemical dichotomy, with both crystalline silicates and PAH features being present. IRAS 16342-3814 shows a dense torus with mass 0.1 M⊙ and density of 108 cm−3; HST data show four point-like sources located symmetrically around the nebula, near the outer edge of the dense torus.
Lifetimes for the bipolar OH/IR stars are shown to be in excess of 104 yr, longer than normal post-AGB time-scales. This suggests that the toruses or discs are near-stationary. We suggest that accretion from such a disc slows down the post-AGB evolution. Such a process could explain the link between the long-lived bipolar nebular geometry and the retarded star.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address differential pricing in business-to-consumer electronic commerce, in particular differential pricing for hotel services sold on the Internet, and conclusions are drawn and implications for the hotel industry are discussed.
Abstract: In the ever‐changing electronic environment of the twenty‐first century, price is one of the key strategic elements that is often overlooked by firms. The paper addresses differential pricing in business‐to‐consumer electronic commerce, in particular differential pricing for hotel services sold on the Internet. Hotels are able to take advantage of differential pricing for various segments because the market for hotels can be divided into narrow customer segments. An overview of e‐commerce and Internet marketing is provided. The characteristics of products sold online and differential pricing are discussed. Pricing policies for on‐line marketing are examined with a special emphasis on differential pricing, customer loyalty and segmentation. With the help of secondary data, online pricing strategies used by hotels on the Internet are evaluated. Finally, conclusions are drawn and implications for the hotel industry are discussed.
119 citations
TL;DR: The authors assessed the effectiveness of a sexual assault prevention program on college students' rape-related attitudes and experiences with sexual aggression and victimization and found that participants rated the program highly, although they did not find the information personally relevant.
Abstract: The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a sexual assault prevention program on college students' rape-related attitudes and experiences with sexual aggression and victimization. Attitudes and sexual aggression and victimization experiences were assessed both prior to the program and 9 weeks following the program. Results suggested that program participants evidenced less rape myth acceptance at posttest than the comparison group. The program, however, did not have a significant effect on attitudes toward women, rape empathy, or rates of sexual aggression or victimization. Participants rated the program highly, although they did not find the information personally relevant. Implications of these findings for preventative efforts are discussed.
117 citations
TL;DR: Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America as mentioned in this paper, by Winston James. London, UK, and New York, NY: Verso, 1998. + 406pp.
Abstract: Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America. Winston James. London, UK, and New York, NY: Verso, 1998. + 406pp. (Cloth US$27.00)
109 citations
TL;DR: The eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith is dominated by voluminous La Posta-type tonalite-granodiorite intrusions that compose half of the magmatic arc at present erosion level as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith is dominated by voluminous La Posta–type tonalite-granodiorite intrusions that compose half of the magmatic arc at present erosion level. Zircon U-Pb and hornblende 40 Ar/ 39 Ar results from these intrusions indicate that they were emplaced in a remarkably narrow interval (99–92 Ma) that closely followed cessation of west-directed compression of the arc system. Emplacement of the La Posta suite coincided with a major pulse of coarse-grained sediment into the adjacent forearc basin in early Cenomanian to middle Turonian time. Paleontologic control, and plutonic age and detrital zircon U-Pb data demonstrate the virtual absence of a time lag between magma emplacement and sedimentary response. The tight linkage between magmatism, arc exhumation, and sediment delivery to the forearc indicates that development of major erosional topography in the arc was driven by thermal and mechanical effects associated with large-volume batholith emplacement.
106 citations
TL;DR: This article found that men were more likely than women to be accepting of vengeful attitudes as measured by the vengeance scale, only age was a significant predictor of behavior in the vengeance scenarios.
Abstract: Vengeance can be commonly defined as the infliction of harm in return for perceived injury or insult or as simply getting back at another person. Three hundred fifty-three participants responded to eight hypothetical scenarios that may elicit vengeful behavior in which the offending party was either a romantic partner, a friend, a coworker, or a stranger. Participants also completed a vengeance scale and a measure of biblical literalism. Participants were most vengeful toward coworkers and least vengeful toward romantic partners. Age, religious conservatism, and gender were significant predictors of attitudes toward vengeance. Although men were more likely than women to be accepting of vengeful attitudes as measured by the vengeance scale, only age was a significant predictor of behavior in the vengeance scenarios. The current research provides a basis for a systematic investigation of vengeance within the structure of human relationships and interactions. Aggr. Behav. 27:343–350, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a multidimensional framework for conceptualizing perceptions of and attitudes towards workplace diversity was constructed, an instrument was developed to measure them, and the instrument was administered in three research settings.
Abstract: Despite the wealth of information on the ‘how-to’s’ of workplace diversity, relatively little attention has been paid to developing measures of workplace diversity itself. In this article we present the results of a three-year investigation. A multidimensional framework for conceptualising perceptions of and attitudes towards workplace diversity was constructed, an instrument was developed to measure them, and the instrument was administered in three research settings. Initial results suggest that it offers a valid, useful assessment of diversity attitudes and perceptions. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the sources of wage decline among truck drivers and found that deregulation accounted for one third of the decline in drivers' wages, with a larger negative effect for non-union workers.
Abstract: This paper investigates the sources of wage decline among truck drivers. The authors first present an overview of the work and work life of truck drivers, and then take two complementary approaches to disentangling the forces that reduced driver earnings. The earnings of truck drivers fell by 21% between 1973 and 1995. Using Current Population Survey data, the authors find that deregulation accounted for one-third of the decline in drivers' wages, with a larger negative effect for non-union workers. The other two-thirds of the decline was due to economic forces that broadly affected the blue-collar economy. Using unique survey data, the authors explore the effects of factors frequently cited as sources of blue-collar wage decline. This analysis indicates that only one new technology, satellite communication systems, had meaningful effects on drivers' earnings, which rose as a consequence of superior efficiency and work intensification. Union membership remains an important determinant of wages. The authors conclude that the primary sources of wage decline and increased wage inequality have been deregulation, de-unionization, and a declining manufacturing wage.
TL;DR: The identification of the major metabolic pathways and products of [(3)H]-HNE in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture is reported and these metabolic pathways may be the key regulators of the vascular effects of HNE and oxidized LDL.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of 107 student case teams from ten sections of a management class was predicted by using a measure of team structure and four measures of team process, and the team's satisfaction with the team was significantly and positively related to team structure.
Abstract: This study predicted the performance of 107 student case teams from ten sections of a management class by using a measure of team structure and four measures of team process. Satisfaction with the team was significantly and positively related to team structure and three of the process variables. In contrast, although team structure and team spirit were significantly and positively related to grade (on the case project), social support was significantly but negatively related to grade. This article compares student teams and work teams and discusses implications for organizational training and management education.
TL;DR: Although the students reported that the medication helped them somewhat in the areas of behavior, social ability with friends, parents, and teachers, and attention, they reported thatThe medication did not help them in the area of academic achievement.
Abstract: Six hundred fifty-one students (ages 11–18) completed a questionnaire that asked if they were taking stimulant medication for ADHD. Those who responded positively were then asked to answer a section of the questionnaire that asked them about their experiences and attitudes related to their treatment with the medication. If they responded that they were not diagnosed with ADHD and not receiving treatment with stimulant medication, they answered a section of the questionnaire that inquired about their perceptions of students who did take medication. Fifty students completed the taking-medication portion of the questionnaire. Although the students reported that the medication helped them somewhat in the areas of behavior, social ability with friends, parents, and teachers, and attention, they reported that the medication did not help them in the area of academic achievement. The majority of the students reported some side effects from their medication. Thirty-four percent of students taking ADHD medication reported being approached to sell or trade their medication, and 53% of students not taking ADHD medication reported that some students taking ADHD medication gave away or sold their medication. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: Observations suggest that due to its ability to catalyze the reduction of lipid-derived aldehydes AR may be involved in preventing inflammation and diminishing oxidative stress during the early phases of atherogenesis.
TL;DR: GNTI may serve to be a useful tool to study behavioral effects mediated by kappa-opioid receptors, and its potency and short duration of action compared to nor-BNI suggest that GNTI is a potent anorectic agent and opioid antagonist in rats.
TL;DR: In this article, a large-volume pluton emplacement and accompanying volcanism within the evolving western Montana thrust wedge may have played important roles in determining the geometric and kinematic development of the thrust wedge, thereby influencing patterns of sediment dispersal and subsidence in the adjacent foreland basin.
Abstract: Late Cretaceous large-volume pluton emplacement and accompanying volcanism within the evolving western Montana thrust wedge may have played important roles in determining the geometric and kinematic development of the thrust wedge, thereby influencing patterns of sediment dispersal and subsidence in the adjacent foreland basin. Intrusion of the Upper Cretaceous Boulder batholith and coeval eruption of the Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics were focused mainly at the trailing margin of the Lombard-Eldorado allochthon. The resultant thick (16–17 km) igneous culmination evolved over a relatively short interval (80–70 Ma), thickening the orogenic wedge to the point of supercritical taper and facilitating continued motion along the Lombard-Eldorado thrust system, thrust imbrication at the wedge toe, and forelandward translation of the Helena salient. Delivery of eroded volcaniclastic detritus from the thickened thrust wedge and accelerated basin subsidence due to thrust loading resulted in accumulation of a thick (4–5 km) sequence of Campanian-Maastrichtian volcaniclastic strata in the foreland basin (Livingston Group). The structural and sedimentological effects of this structural-magmatic culmination are similar to those of basement-cored culminations elsewhere in the Sevier orogen and to the Neogene central Andean orogenic wedge.
TL;DR: The meta-matrix method provides a useful alternative approach for secondary-level data analysis in mixed-methods research and is introduced as a tool for triangulation in nursing research to demonstrate its usefulness in an example case.
Abstract: Triangulation using a meta-matrix
Background and significance. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis are often undertaken as separate enterprises, as they emerge from differing philosophies of science and methodologies for data collection, management and analysis. Quantitative data analysis is sometimes seen in philosophic and methodologic conflict with a naturalistic, human science perspective of science. Researchers interested in data from both realms often rely on triangulation procedures, in which each is considered from its representative lens. Results are then projected out into a common area where data are melded and discussed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the meta-matrix as a tool for triangulation in nursing research and to demonstrate its usefulness in an exemplar case.
Design/methods. The exploratory nature of a recent study led to the decision to manage triangulation using an emerging methodology, thereby allowing consideration of all data simultaneously through the use of a meta-matrix. Discussion of the meta-matrix as a method is presented.
Findings. Use of the meta-matrix facilitated data analysis and allowed pattern recognition across data sets. Discovery of several unexpected relationships deepened understanding of the results and assisted in identifying questions for further research.
Conclusions/implications. The meta-matrix method provides a useful alternative approach for secondary-level data analysis in mixed-methods research.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation theory of algebraic structures in a very general setting is explored, including commutative, associative, Lie algebras, and the infinity versions of these structures.
Abstract: This work explores the deformation theory of algebraic structures in a very general setting. These structures include commutative, associative algebras, Lie algebras, and the infinity versions of these structures, the strongly homotopy associative and Lie algebras. In all these cases the algebra structure is determined by an element of a certain graded Lie algebra which plays the role of a differential on this algebra. We work out the deformation theory in terms of the Lie algebra of coderivations of an appropriate coalgebra structure and construct a universal infinitesimal deformation as well as a miniversal formal deformation. By working at this level of generality, the main ideas involved in deformation theory stand out more clearly.
TL;DR: This article used a province-level panel analysis to measure the contribution of China's post-1978 economic reforms to the country's growth and found strong evidence of convergence, a positive role for lagged investment and an insignificant role for human capital invest.
Abstract: By most standards China's post-1978 economic reforms have been a colossal success. Much of that success can be attributed to China's encouragement of foreign trade and its shift from state-owned enterprises to more market-oriented institutions such as township and village enterprises (TVEs). This article uses a province-level panel analysis to measure the contribution these reforms have made to China's growth. Like earlier cross-section studies of economic growth rates, the model explains differences in growth rates of per capita income between provinces by using initial endowments, demographic variables and measures of investment in human and physical capital as explanatory variables. Important contributions in this study are its focus on the role of TVEs and foreign trade and its use of time series data from the provinces. The results are consistent with earlier cross-country studies: strong evidence of convergence, a positive role for lagged investment and an insignificant role for human capital invest...
TL;DR: The results of the current investigation provide the first unequivocal demonstration of the efficacy of the entatic state concept as applied to Cu(II/I) systems.
Abstract: The absolute magnitude of an “entatic” (constrained) state effect has never been quantitatively demonstrated. In the current study, we have examined the electron-transfer kinetics for five closely related copper(II/I) complexes formed with all possible diastereomers of [14]aneS4 (1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane) in which both ethylene bridges have been replaced by cis- or trans-1,2-cyclohexane. The crystal structures of all five Cu(II) complexes and a representative Cu(I) complex have been established by X-ray diffraction. For each complex, the cross-reaction rate constants have been determined with six different oxidants and reductants in aqueous solution at 25 °C, μ = 0.10 M. The value of the electron self-exchange rate constant (k11) has then been calculated from each cross reaction rate constant using the Marcus cross relation. All five Cu(II/I) systems show evidence of a dual-pathway square scheme mechanism for which the two individual k11 values have been evaluated. In combination with similar va...
TL;DR: Results indicated that participants with high computer experience learned more from the hypertext program than those with low computer experience, and overview mode did not influence achievement.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of overview mode and computer experience in a hypertext learning environment. College students read a hypertext unit that included a structured overview, an unstructured overview, or no overview. The study examined the effects of overview mode and computer experience on achievement, attitude and instructional time. Results indicated that participants with high computer experience learned more from the hypertext program than those with low computer experience. Furthermore, participants who received either the structured or unstructured overview spent significantly more time using the hypertext program and had significantly more positive attitudes than participants who did not receive an overview. However, overview mode did not influence achievement.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that heat-induced superaggregation of Amphotericin B alters its interaction with HDL, LDL, serum proteins, and monocytes, and these findings may be important in explaining the reduced toxicity of the superaggregated form of AmB.
TL;DR: This descriptive study was designed to identify attitudes regarding pain as well as pain assessment and management practices of nurses working with elderly residents in 10 long-term care facilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight issues surrounding the need for administrative support, especially for special educators, and highlight the importance of support in the level of job satisfaction and the retention of special educators.
Abstract: Principals play a crucial role in the level of job satisfaction and the retention of special educators. This article highlights issues surrounding the need for administrative support, especially fo...
TL;DR: A two-step model for AA induction of CA vasospasm and resultant myocardial necrosis is proposed: metabolism of AA to ac rolein by coronary arterial SSAO activity and acrolein induction ofCA vasospasms independent of endothelial injury-a novel path.
TL;DR: HFZ could be an improved low-cost AmpB drug delivery system that has a potentially higher therapeutic index than FZ and is suggest that the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of AmpB are modified following administration of HFZ.
Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the serum pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of amphotericin B (AmpB) following administration of a single intravenous dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of Fungizone (FZ) and a heat-treated form of FZ (HFZ) to New Zealand White female rabbits. FZ solutions were heated at 70°C for 20 min to produce HFZ. Blood samples were obtained before drug administration and serially thereafter. After collection of the 48-h blood sample, each rabbit was humanely sacrificed and the right kidney, spleen, lungs, liver, and heart were harvested for AmpB analysis. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and 10 h after drug administration. AmpB concentrations in the serum and tissues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. FZ administration to rabbits resulted in a greater-than-50% increase in serum creatinine concentrations compared to baseline. However, HFZ administration resulted in no difference in serum creatinine concentrations compared to baseline. The AmpB area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) after HFZ administration was significantly lower than the AmpB AUC in rabbits administered FZ. However, AmpB systemic total body clearance was significantly greater in rabbits administered HFZ than in rabbits administered FZ without any differences in volume of distribution at steady state. Kidney tissue AmpB concentrations, although not significantly different, were greater in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. Likewise, lung and spleen AmpB concentrations, although not significantly different, were greater in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. However, liver AmpB concentrations were significantly lower in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. No significant differences in heart AmpB concentration between rabbits administered FZ and those given HFZ were found. These findings suggest that the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of AmpB are modified following administration of HFZ. HFZ could be an improved low-cost AmpB drug delivery system that has a potentially higher therapeutic index than FZ.
TL;DR: In this article, the nickel acetate tetrahydrate with modified phthalocyanine ligands with inner rings bearing methoxy and ethoxy substituents was investigated.
01 Feb 2001
TL;DR: This work presents a simplified application of two classic design patterns that is specifically targeted at students in their first programming course and includes suggested pedagogy on how to develop the concepts necessary to implement and appreciate the application.
Abstract: Most computer science curricula include design patterns during the junior/senior software development sequence. We present a simplified application of two classic design patterns that is specifically targeted at students in their first programming course. We also include suggested pedagogy on how to develop the concepts necessary to implement and appreciate the application.