Showing papers in "Brain Research in 2001"

TL;DR: The intrinsic organization and the afferent and efferent connections of the mouse SCN are examined using immunocytochemistry and ocular injections of cholera toxin.

TL;DR: These findings show that human ES cells have great potential to become an unlimited cell source for neurons in culture, and may then be used in transplantation therapies for neural pathologies.

TL;DR: Double-labeled cells were identified in the posterior tuberculum and are interpreted as the teleostean dopaminergic system ascending to the striatum, since previous work established that no noradrenergic neurons exist in the forebrain of the adult zebrafish.

TL;DR: The results show that a differential expression of MMPs by astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells at the blood vessels is involved in the proteolytic disruption of the BBB.

TL;DR: It is reported that melatonin promotes sleep-like state in a diurnal lower vertebrate, zebrafish (Danio rerio), and this effect is mediated through activation of specific melatonin membrane receptors, and it is suggested that zebra fish provide an efficient animal model for studying the molecular mechanisms of sleep regulation and for screening new types of hypnotic medications.

TL;DR: Results suggest that microglial activation may be involved in the nigral cell degeneration in 6-OHDA induced parkinsonian mice.

TL;DR: The APP+PS1 transgenic mouse offers unique opportunities to develop therapeutics to treat or prevent Alzheimer's Disease through modulation of Abeta deposition/neuroinflammation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that extracellular Hsp70 may provide a means by which glia can affect neuronal function, perhaps enhancing neuronal stress tolerance.

TL;DR: It is shown that acute stress by immobilization increased permeability of rat BBB to intravenous 99Technetium gluceptate (99Tc) and induced activation of mast cells in diencephalon, the site where most mast cells are found in the rat brain.

TL;DR: The early beta-amyloid-mediated upregulation of IL-1beta, TGF-beta, and IL-10 in surrounding reactive astrocytes indicates the induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that IL is a major cortical autonomic motor area and PL integrates limbic and autonomic inputs in the primate is supported.

TL;DR: Further analysis indicated that RAM performance was influenced by specific estrous cycle day, particularly during proestrus, which led to less weight gain by stressed subjects and unalteredEstrous cycle lengths, but was not associated with enhanced RAM performance.

TL;DR: Olfactory lamina propria transplantation promoted partial restoration of function after relatively short recovery periods in rats, suggesting an accessible source of tissue for autologous grafting in human paraplegia.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cerebellar granule cells treated in vitro with testosterone are protected from oxidative stress via a mechanism mediated by the androgen receptor, similar to what was observed after in vivo administration of testosterone.

TL;DR: It is concluded that in addition to neuronal and glial heterogeneity, cortical structures are also endowed with region-specific vascular patterns characterized by distinct pathophysiological responses.

TL;DR: Findings support the hypothesis that glycated Abeta is taken up via RAGE and is degraded through the lysosomal pathway in astrocytes and contribute to neuronal dysfunction and promote the progression of AD.

TL;DR: Findings indicated that paraquat is possibly taken up into the brain by the neutral amino acid transport system, then transported into striatal, possibly neuronal, cells in a Na(+)-dependent manner.

TL;DR: It is suggested that short-term exposure to 3alpha,5alpha-THP produces changes in GABAR subunit composition similar to those that occur after chronic exposure and withdrawal from the steroid.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of ovarian steroids in contextual fear conditioning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in female rats was examined, showing that estrogen replacement in ovariectomized female rats reduced fear conditioning to a level comparable to that of sham-operated females.

TL;DR: Activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity was seen in neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels, was elevated in AD, and exhibited a high degree of colocalization with neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, suggesting that activated casp enzyme-3 may be a factor in functional decline and may have an important role in neuronal cell death and plaque formation in AD brain.

TL;DR: The data indicate that effectiveness of degradation by neprilysin may be a key factor in determining whether Abeta deposits develop, and there is some tendency towards lower degrading and higher synthesizing capacity in AD brain compared with control brain.

TL;DR: In sporadic ALS, both lipid peroxidation and protein glycoxidation are enhanced in the spinal cord motor neurons and glial cells, and suggest that the formation of certain products in these abnormal reactions is implicated in motor neuron degeneration.

TL;DR: The results showed release of NAcc DA in response to sucrose licking and the converse, an augmentation of the behavior by uptake blockade, however, failed to prove that tonic, local accumbens D1 and D2 receptor activity influenced this ingestive behavior.

TL;DR: The 'visual' acuity of blind persons perceiving information through a newly developed human-machine interface, with an array of electrical stimulators on the tongue, has been quantified using a standard Ophthalmological test.

TL;DR: D3 pretreatment attenuates the hypokinesia and DA neuronal toxicity induced by 6-OHDA, indicating that neuroprotection seen here may operate via a reversal of such a toxic mechanism.

TL;DR: LPS increases the saturable transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier independent of disruption and prostaglandins with potentiation by NO inhibition, which could potentiate the central effects of insulin and so contribute to the peripheral insulin resistance seen with infection and inflammation.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that MCP-1 expression was mainly observed in the ischemic core after 12 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, then gradually increased and extended to the isChemic perifocal area, and revealed a distinct temporal and spatial expression of M CP-1 in cells believed to be neurons and astrocytes.

TL;DR: A regionally specific temporal pattern of neuronal injury that results in overt neuronal cell loss within both cortical and subcortical regions is demonstrated.

TL;DR: CART peptide may play a role in the control of pituitary function and in particular the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis, according to the aims of this study.

TL;DR: In two murine models of neuropathy a single AB injection intra-operatively as well as on day 4 reduced thermal hyperalgesia significantly, whereas mechanical allodynia was only reduced with intraoperative but not with delayed treatment.