Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee published in 1978"

Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process

Abstract: Organizational adaptation is a topic that has received only limited and fragmented theoretical treatment. Any attempt to examine organizational adaptation is difficult, since the process is highly complex and changeable. The proposed theoretical framework deals with alternative ways in which organizations define their product-market domains (strategy) and construct mechanisms (structures and processes) to pursue these strategies. The framework is based on interpretation of existing literature and continuing studies in four industries (college textbook publishing, electronics, food processing, and health care).

Optimization Procedure to Correct Stiffness and Flexibility Matrices Using Vibration Tests

Abstract: Nomenclature Lagrange function for the flexibility matrix weighted norm of the errors between the given and the optimal flexibility matrix Lagrange function for the stiffness matrix weighted norm of the errors between the given and the optimal stiffness matrix unity matrix given stiffness matrix mass matrix M» //element of TV //element of N~* Nq general-coordinates vector measured mode shape /th measured_mode shape normalized 7} transpose of [ • ] = optimal flexibility matrix = (/ element of W orthogonal mode shape matrix = (/ element of X optimal stiffness matrix -ij element of Y = matrices of Lagrange multipliers = ij element of 0y and 0W , respectively = matrix of Lagrange multipliers = given flexibility matrix = matrices of Lagrange multipliers = ij element of A^ and A^ , respectively = measured frequency matrix = //element of Q y»(i* w

Prediction of metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs

Abstract: A new approach for estimating metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs is presented. This approach was applied to 48 different jobs. The model validation showed a correlation coefficient of 0.95 between the measured and predicted metabolic rates. The coefficient of variation (standard error/sample mean) was 10.2 percent.

Rain Estimation from Geosynchronous Satellite Imagery—Visible and Infrared Studies

Abstract: A diagnostic method to estimate rainfall over large space and time scales by the use of geosynchronous visible or infrared satellite imagery has been derived and tested. Based on the finding that arms of active convection and rainfall in the tropics are brighter or colder on the satellite visible or infrared photographs than inactive regions, ATS-3 and SMS/GOES images were calibrated with gage-adjusted 10 cm radar data over south Florida. The resulting empirical relationships require a time sequence of cloud area, measured from the satellite images at a specified threshold brightness or temperature to calculate rain volume over a given period. Satellite rain estimates were made for two areas in south Florida that differ in size by an order of magnitude (1.3×104km2 vs 1.1×105km2) and verified by a combined system of gages and radar. Contrary to our expectations, the rain estimates for the smaller area agreed better with the raingage-radar groundtruth than the satellite rain estimates for the large...

Langrangian Perturbation Theory of Nonrelativistic Fluids

Abstract: In this paper the conventional description of adiabatic perturbations of stationary fluids in terms of a Lagrangian displacement is reexamined, to take account of certain difficulties that have been overlooked in other treatments. A class of displacements: called trivials: that leave the physical variables unchanged is identified; these define ''gauge'' transformations of the initial data in the Lagrangian picture. The conserved canonical energy E/sub c/ (Hamiltonian) and angular momentum J/sub c/ (in the case of axisymmetric unperturbed fluids) associated with the dynamical equations are shown not to be invariant under these gauge transformations. Since E/sub c/ has formed the basis of previous criteria for secular stability of stars, it is necessary to eliminate the gauge freedom in order to regain a meaningful criterion. To this end a conserved inner product (the symplectic structure) is introduced and used to define a dynamically invariant class of ''canonical'' displacements orthogonal to the trivials. In general, canonical displacements obey the extra restriction that the Lagrangian change in rho/sup -/1delsxdel x V vanish; in fluids with uniform entropy s they obey the more restrictive condition that the Lagrangian change in rho/sup -/1del x V vanish. Restricting consideration to canonical displacements guarantees that E/sub c/ andmore » J/sub c/ will be invariant under any residual gauge freedom. For nonaxisymmetric perturbations of axisymmetric fluids, to every physical perturbation corresponds a unique canonical displacement.In an appendix the relationship between E/sub c/ and J/sub c/ and the (gauge-invariant) second-order changes in the total energy and angular momentum of the fluid is derived. Another appendix, dealing with uniformly rotating fluids, reexpresses the gauge-invariant combination E/sub c/-..cap omega..J/sub c/ in terms of Eulerian changes in the fluid variables. A subsequent paper applies these results to the study of secular instability in stars.« less

Vocal repertoire of the black-capped chickadee

Abstract: Describes the physical characteristics, usages, and probable functions of 11 vocali- zations of adult Black-capped Chickadees and 2 of the young. Some modifications of the vocal repertoire as compared with other passefines are associated with sociality and hole-nesting. The Fee-bee, usually considered the song of this chickadee, is less complex than some call notes and also has some differences in function compared to the songs of other passefines. The two most complex calls (Chick-a-dee and Gargle) are associated with social activities. Vocal signals tend toward sexual segregation, which may be important in a monomorphic species. The vocalizations of this species are compared with those of other parids, and selection pressures acting on the structure of vocalizations are discussed. The more complex vocalizations of this species are being

Communication and a sense of community in a metropolitan neighborhood: A factor analytic examination

Abstract: This study focuses upon the relationship between communication and “sense of community” in a demonstrably typical and stable neighborhood area of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Factor analysis is applied to survey data as a means of examining patterns and relationships among items. The result is a six factor, multi‐dimensional scale which taps the construct, Sense of Community. Recommendations are made for comparative studies among various kinds of urban neighborhoods leading to a general theory about communication and sense of community in urban settings.

Generic instability of rotating relativistic stars

Abstract: All rotating perfect fluid configurations having two-parameter equations of state are shown to be dynamically unstable to nonaxisymmetric perturbations in the framework of general relativity. Perturbations of an equilibrium fluid are described by means of a Lagrangian displacement, and an action for the linearized field equations is obtained, in terms of which the symplectic product and canonical energy of the system can be expressed. Previous criteria governing stability were based on the sign of the canonical energy, but this functional fails to be invariant under the gauge freedom associated with a class of trivial Lagrangian displacements, whose existence was first pointed out by Schutz and Sorkin [12]. In order to regain a stability criterion, one must eliminate the trivials, and this is accomplished by restricting consideration to a class of “canonical” displacements, orthogonal to the trivials with respect to the symplectic product. There nevertheless remain perturbations having angular dependenceeimφ (φ the azimuthal angle) which, for sufficiently largem, make the canonical energy negative; consequently, even slowly rotating stars are unstable to short wavelength perturbations. To show strict instability, it is necessary to assume that time-dependent nonaxisymmetric perturbations radiate energy to null infinity. As a byproduct of the work, the relativistic generalization of Ertel's theorem (conservation of vorticity in constant entropy surfaces) is obtained and shown to be Noetherrelated to the symmetry associated with the trivial displacements.

Anisotropy damping through quantum effects in the early universe

Abstract: We consider a quantized field in a Bianchi type-I anisotropically expanding universe. A suitable expectation value of the renormalized energy-momentum tensor acts as the source of the metric in the Einstein equations. The coupled set of differential equations is numerically integrated, with the help of several approximations, in the case when the quantized field is the massless conformal scalar field. Boundary conditions are imposed at an initial time t/sub 0/ of the order of the Planck time, with the initial expansion rates varying over a wide range consistent with the constraints. It is found that the expansion rates tend toward isotropy and approach a radiation-filled Friedman expansion in an interval of less than 10/sup 3/ Planck times, for the full range of initial expansion rates considered.

Language development as related to stage 6 object permanence development

Abstract: A longitudinal study of three children examined the relation between object permanence and language development. Unlike other studies, an independent measure of object permanence development was provided. While there was not a one-to-one correspondence between object permanence and language, there were relations at certain points in development. There was a rough relationship between the onset of stage 6 of object permanence and the onset of single-word utterances. Total vocabulary showed a large increase around the time of entrance into the preoperational period of object permanence development. At the same time, the semantic categories Nonexistence and Recurrence appeared. No differences were found in the use of function forms and substantive forms before object permanence development.

Planck's Principle.

Abstract: Two views about the Darwinian revolution are tested: that nearly all scientists in Great Britain had been converted to a belief in the evolution of species within 10 years after the publication of the Origin of Species, and that younger scientists were converted much more rapidly than older scientists. Both views are shown to be less than accurate.

Implications for problem‐solving groups of empirical research on ‘brainstorming’: A critical review of the literature

Abstract: This paper attempts a review and critical examination of brainstorming as a purported aid to creative problem solving in groups. The review presents: (1) a discussion of the history of brainstorming and its practice; (2) a survey of empirical studies of brainstorming; and (3) an examination of theoretical explanations for superior brainstorming performance by individuals as against that of groups. Pedagogical implications are discussed in an attempt to correct the uncritical appraisal of brainstorming offered by most small‐group textbook writers.

Image-Measurement Segmentation:

Abstract: Product positioning studies for both new and established products generally involve consumers’ perception of the current product space in terms of the salient product attributes. Perceptions per br...

Thermodynamics and Phase Relationships of Transition Metal-Sulfur Systems: II. The Nickel­ Sulfur System

Abstract: The thermodynamic activity of sulfur in the β1-Ni3S2, β2-Ni4S3, γ-Ni6S5 and δ-NiS phases was determined as a function of composition over the temperature interval, 823 to 1023 K, using a gas equilibration technique. The data obtained in the present study as well as those reported in the literature are evaluated to yield thermodynamic equations of state for all the intermediate phases. Several forms of the Ni-S phase diagram are presented. The previously reported “Ni3S2” phase was found to consist of two phases designated as β1-Ni3S2 and β2-Ni4S3 in the present study.

Distribution and elimination of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in rainbow trout during short- and long-term exposures.

Abstract: The accumulation and elimination of14C in rainbow trout tissues following short- and long-term exposures to aqueous14C-naphthalene or14C-2-methylnaphthalene were studied.

Family behavior of urban American Indians.

Abstract: Effective policy development of human service delivery to American Indians depends on an understanding of cultural characteristics and extended family networks

Managers and the Hi-Hi Leader Myth

Abstract: In this article the author reports on research he conducted that examined managers' opinions on leadership and their perceptions of their bosses' opinions on leadership. The study also examined the...

Creation of particles by singularities in asymptotically flat spacetimes

Abstract: The creation of massless scalar particles by naked singularities in asymptotically flat spacetimes is investigated within the geometrical-optics approximation. To avoid the need to impose boundary conditions on the singularity, we consider models in which a curvature singularity arises at a finite time in the past. We consider two particular types of models. One is a shell-crossing singularity formed in the gravitational collapse of a dust cloud. The energy flux of the created particles remains finite up to the time of formation of the singularity. In the particular case when the singularity forms on the event horizon, geometrical optics yields the exact flux, in spite of the high curvature of spacetime. The radiation obtained is identical to the thermal Hawking radiation emitted by black holes. The other models considered are those of charged shells for which the charge exceeds the mass. If these shells collapse to form naked singularities (which is possible if the proper mass is negative or if Einstein's equations are not imposed), an infinite flux of created particles results. In the cases examined here, the flux is negative for two-dimensional models and for the minimally coupled scalar field in four-dimensional models, whereas it is positive for the conformally coupled scalar field in four-dimensional models. In either case, the back reaction from particle creation will be large and may prevent formation of a naked singularity.

The Identity of Religious Minorities in Non-secular States: Jews in Tunisia and Morocco and Arabs in Israel

Abstract: Drawing in part on findings from public opinion surveys in Tunisia, Morocco, and Israel, this chapter considers the way that Jews in the first two countries and Arabs in the latter understand their respective sociocultural identities. More specifically, the chapter investigates the extent to which the identities of these minority groups resemble, or at least incorporate elements from, those of the countries of which they are citizens. The discussion devotes attention to the primacy and influence of Islam in Tunisia and Morocco and of Judaism in Israel, making clear that while none of the three countries is a theocracy, neither is any a secular state, as the notion of “secularism” is introduced and discussed in the introductory chapter. The discussion also considers the many significant differences between the three countries with respect to politics and society more generally; and the significance of this lies in the opportunity it provides both to assess the generalizability of insights about religious minorities in non-secular states and to the extent that patterns of identity differ across the three groups to highlight relevant scope conditions. Findings about the identities of Jews in Tunisia and Morocco and Arabs in Israel are broadly similar in important respects. All three minority groups appeared at the time of the research to constitute recognizable ethnic units, incorporating values of their host societies but also maintaining a distinctive blend of original and borrowed traditions and possessing a clear sense of community. There were also differences in the identities of Jews in Tunisia, Jews in Morocco, and Arabs in Israel, which suggests that patterns of identity toward which their status as religious minorities in non-secular states pushes is itself shaped by the distinctive attributes of each minority and its host society.

Massive quantum field theory in two-dimensional Robertson-Walker space-time

Abstract: The stress tensor of a massive scalar field, as an integral over normal modes (which are not mere plane waves), is regularized by covariant point separation. When the expectation value in a Parker-Fulling adiabatic vacuum state is expanded in the limit of small curvature-to-mass ratios, the series coincides in each order with the Schwinger-DeWitt-Christensen proper-time expansion. The renormalization ansatz suggested by these expansions (which applies to arbitrary curvature-to-mass ratios and arbitrary quantum state) can be implemented at the integrand level for practical computations. The renormalized tensor (1) passes in the massless limit, for appropriate choice of state, to the known vacuum stress of a massless field, (2) agrees with the explicit results of Bernard and Duncan for a special model, and (3) has a nonzero vacuum expectation value in the two-dimensional ''Milne universe'' (flat space in hyperbolic coordinates). Following Wald, we prove that the renormalized tensor is conserved and point out that there is no arbitrariness in the renormalization procedure. The general approach of this paper is applicable to four-dimensional models.

Morphology and distribution of residual limestone hills (mogotes) in the karst of northern Puerto Rico

Abstract: Limestone towers, residual hills occurring in northern Puerto Rico, between Arecibo and Manati, have been examined by field investigation and photogrammetry. Previously, these landforms have been described only qualitatively; in this paper summit densities, heights, diameters, planimetric shapes, and orientations are quantified. Tower heights are generally less than 25 m; diameters range from 10 to 200 m. Diameter/height ratios range from 1.42 to 7.50. These values place the hills in the Sewu class of Balazs9 (1971) classification of tropical karst styles. Towers are predominantly elongate in plan view, and pronounced long-axis orientations are evident. Tower summits exhibit a distribution that approaches uniformity. The relationship between the residual hills and the adjacent cockpit karst area indicates a similar origin for both areas, with differences in summit densities relating to the distribution of surficial deposits, which promote subsurface corrasion. Tower slope asymmetry occurs only in 35% of cases, and it is probably related to basal erosion, induration of the limestone surface being of secondary importance.