Showing papers by "Vanderbilt University published in 1982"
TL;DR: During the course of purifying nerve growth factor from the submaxillary gland of the mouse, Cohen ( 1960) and Levi-Montalcini and Cohen (1960) noticed that daily injections of certain gland extract fractions into newborn mice produced developmental changes that could not be ascribed to nerve growthFactor.
Abstract: During the course of purifying nerve growth factor from the submaxillary gland of the mouse, Cohen (1960) and Levi-Montalcini and Cohen (1960) noticed that daily injections of certain gland extract fractions into newborn mice produced developmental changes that could not be ascribed to nerve growth factor. These changes included precocious opening of the eyelids (7 days compared to the usual 14 days) and a similar early eruption of the incisors. Using these gross anatomical changes as an assay, Cohen (1962) proceeded to isolate the active factor — a polypeptide which he termed epidermal growth factor (EGF).
742 citations
TL;DR: Results show that vanadate is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase.
675 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that 28% of women treated with biopsy only for DCIS presenting as an incidental histologic finding will develop invasive carcinoma in a follow‐up period of approximately 15 years.
Abstract: Twenty-eight women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast treated by biopsy only were identified in a histologic review of 11,760 biopsies performed between 1950 and 1968. Seven of the 25 women followed for more than three years developed invasive breast carcinoma, all in the same breast with a previously detected DCIS. Average follow-up interval for the 18 women not developing invasive carcinoma was 16 years. The invasive carcinomas presented clinically from three to ten years (average, 6.1) after the biopsies demonstrating DCIS. Four women with invasive carcinoma developed distant metastases following mastectomy. This study suggests that 28% of women treated with biopsy only for DCIS presenting as an incidental histologic finding will develop invasive carcinoma in a follow-up period of approximately 15 years.
567 citations
TL;DR: This perspective exposes the further research which is necessary in order to provide a truly satisfactory solution to the file assignment problem.
Abstract: The optimal distribution of files among storage nodes is a major problem m computer system optimization. Differing design goals, varying system assumptions, and contrasting solution techniques yield a disparity of optimal file assignments. This paper views the differing file assignment models in a uniform manner Relative advantages and weaknesses of the various models become immediately apparent. This perspective exposes the further research which is necessary m order to provide a truly satisfactory solution to the file assignment problem
538 citations
TL;DR: The results of this experiment demonstrate that infants 4 to 6 months of age exhibit a preference for biological motion patterns, and support the hypothesis that this perception of biological motion is an intrinsic capacity of the visual system.
Abstract: When a small number of lights are placed on the limbs and joints of a moving human (or animal), the motions of the lights (biological motion) are sufficient to enable adult observers to perceive immediately the activity of the human. This perception of biological motion has been hypothesized to be an intrinsic capacity of the visual system. The results of this experiment, which demonstrate that infants 4 to 6 months of age exhibit a preference for biological motion patterns, support that hypothesis.
392 citations
01 Feb 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present regulatory mechanisms in the control of protein kinase and present a review of the literature on these mechanisms and their application in the field of biochemistry.
Abstract: (1982). Regulatory Mechanisms in the Control of Protein Kinase. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 133-186.
337 citations
293 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to simple generalizations about their behavior, light rare-earth elements (LREE) do not act as incompatible elements in very felsic magmas and their concentrations typically decrease, often drastically, during differentiation of such magmas.
Abstract: Contrary to simple generalizations about their behavior, light rare-earth elements (LREE) do not act as incompatible elements in very felsic magmas. In fact, LREE concentrations typically decrease, often drastically, during differentiation of such magmas. The simplest explanation for this depletion involves the separation of minute, easily overlooked quantities of an extremely LREE-rich accessory mineral, either monazite or allanite. Our data indicate that felsic liquids with < 50 ppm LREE may be saturated in either of these accessories and that the concentration required for saturation decreases in increasingly felsic liquids. This accounts for incompatible behavior of LREE even at high concentrations in mafic magmas in contrast to compatible behavior at low concentrations in felsic magmas. Partitioning of LREE into solid rather than liquid has important implications for trace-element and Nd-isotope modeling of crustal anatexis, as well as for magma differentiation.
285 citations
TL;DR: In this article, some new constructions for families of cospectral graphs are derived, and some old constructions are considerably generalized, and one of these constructions is sufficiently powerful to produce an estimated 72% of the 51039 graphs on 9 vertices which do not have unique spectrum.
Abstract: Some new constructions for families of cospectral graphs are derived, and some old ones are considerably generalized. One of our new constructions is sufficiently powerful to produce an estimated 72% of the 51039 graphs on 9 vertices which do not have unique spectrum. In fact, the number of graphs of ordern without unique spectrum is believed to be at leastαn3g−1 for someα>0, wheregn is the number of graphs of ordern andn ≥ 7.
274 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that PGI2 biosynthesis is increased during normal pregnancy, and that this increase is less in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
229 citations
TL;DR: Remarkably, the representations of some body parts were reversed in orientation in both area 3b and area 1 in squirrel monkeys as compared to owl and macaque monkeys, suggesting that both fields are divided into sectors where the basic somatotopic orientation is independently determined, that the orientation of some of these sectors is subject to reversal in evolution, and that matching sectors in areas3b and 1 are not independent in somattopic organization.
Abstract: Microelectrode multiunit mapping techniques were used to determine the somatotopic organization of postceritral parietal cortex in the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciurus. Recordings were largely confined to architectonic areas 3b and 1. Results were compared to those from similar studies of owl (Merzenich et al., '78) and macaque (Nelson et al., '80) monkeys. As in these previous investigations, separate representations of the body surface were found in areas 3b and 1 of squirrel monkeys. These representations were organized in parallel, so that both proceeded from the tail on the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere, to the lips and oral cavity on the lateral margin of these areas along the sylvian fissure. The representations were also roughly mirror images of each other so that whatever skin surface was represented rostrally in area 3b was represented caudally in area 1, and similar skin surfaces were represented along the common border. However, the representations were not identical. For example, the split representations of the leg differed so that the distal leg was represented in cortex lateral to that devoted to the foot in area 1 and medial to the foot in area 3b. Remarkably, the representations of some body parts were reversed in orientation in both area 3b and area 1 in squirrel monkeys as compared to owl and macaque monkeys. The face, arm, trunk, and leg representations were all reversed in squirrel monkeys, while the orientations of the hand and foot representations were the same. For example, the dorsal trunk is represented rostrally in area 3b and caudally in area 1 and the ventral trunk is represented at the 3b/l border in owl and macaque monkeys, while the ventral trunk is represented rostrally in area 3b and caudally in area 1 and the dorsal trunk is represented at the 3b/1 border in squirrel monkeys. These reversals of somatotopic organization in part but not all of the representations in areas 3b and 1 suggest that both fields are divided into sectors where the basic somatotopic orientation is independently determined, that the orientation of some of these sectors is subject to reversal in evolution, and that matching sectors in areas 3b and 1 are not independent in somatotopic organization.
TL;DR: This paper examined the effect of various family variables on the etiology of juvenile delinquency, using self-report data from reports by parents of their child's beh... and found that the effects of these variables varied with the age of the child.
Abstract: This paper examines the effect of various “family variables” on the etiology of juvenile delinquency. These self-report data are unique in that they are from reports by parents of their child's beh...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effect of residential mobility on the crime rates of the 65 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country and found that mobility variables and population size were better predictors of some crimes than measures traditionally used to measure the opportunity structure.
Abstract: This article examines the effect of residential mobility on the crime rates of the 65 largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the country Mobility variables and population size are found to be better predictors of some crimes than measures traditionally used to measure the opportunity structure A contextual interpretation of the mobility/crime rate relationship is posited High rates of mobility are believed to negatively affect social integration, which decreases the effectiveness of community informal control mechanisms
TL;DR: The incidence of sexual dysfunctions in a group of 51 drug-free depressed patients and in age- and sex-matched controls was studied and the genital symptoms correlated inversely with the L (lie) score of the Eysenck Personality Inventory.
Abstract: The incidence of sexual dysfunctions in a group of 51 drug-free depressed patients and in age- and sex-matched controls was studied. Three groups of sexual dysfunction were assessed: alterations of libido, genital symptoms, and menstrual irregularities. The Beck Rating Scale for Depression, the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed on each participant. Depressed patients obtained significantly higher scores on anxiety, depression, and alterations of libido than controls. Rating scale scores for anxiety and depression were strongly inter-correlated, making the separation of depression-related symptoms from anxiety difficult. In males, the genital symptoms correlated inversely with the L (lie) score of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. There were no inter-relationships between the three groups of sexual dysfunction.
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that the 5HT autoreceptor and the 5 HT1 binding site have similar pharmacological characteristics and it is suggested that 5 HT autoreceptors and the5 HT1binding site may be related 5 HT receptor sites.
Abstract: The abilities of various 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) receptor agonists to inhibit the K+-evoked release of 3H-5 HT from prelabelled synaptosomal preparations of rat hypothalamus were studied. In addition, the abilities of various 5 HT receptor agonists and antagonists to compete with 3H-5 HT and 3H-spiperone binding to 5 HT1 and 5 HT2 sites, respectively, were determined. The orders of potency of the agonists for inhibiting K+-evoked 3H-5 HT release and for inhibiting 3H-5 HT and 3H-spiperone binding were then compared. Likewise, the abilities of the antagonists to block the inhibitory effect of 5 HT on its own K+-evoked release (data from previous studies) were compared to the affinities of these compounds for the 3H-5 HT and 3H-spiperone binding sites. A significant correlation was obtained between the effects of the agonists on K+-evoked 3H-5 HT release and 3H-5 HT binding but not 3H-spiperone binding. Furthermore, the antagonists which have been demonstrated to block the inhibitory effect of 5 HT on its own release (methiothepin, methysergide, metergoline and quipazine) had higher affinities for the 3H-5 HT binding site than the other antagonists. A similar correlation could not be made between antagonist activity at the 5 HT autoreceptor and affinity for the 3H-spiperone binding site. These results demonstrate that the 5 HT autoreceptor and the 5 HT1 binding site have similar pharmacological characteristics. On this basis, it is suggested that 5 HT autoreceptor and the 5 HT1 binding site may be related 5 HT receptor sites.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the transplanted optic lobe contains a circadian clock that regenerates those neural connections with the host brain that are necessary to drive the circadian rhythm of activity.
Abstract: Surgical removal of the optic lobes of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae followed by transplantation of the optic lobes from another individual led to a restoration of the circadian activity rhythm in 4 to 8 weeks. The free-running period of the restored rhythm was determined by the period of the donor rhythm before surgery. The results suggest that the transplanted optic lobe contains a circadian clock that regenerates those neural connections with the host brain that are necessary to drive the circadian rhythm of activity.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the ways in which calcium is bound to a protein as well as the role of calcium in protein function, and the proposed roles for calcium and the postulated calcium-binding sites are based on homology with concanavalin A (Con A).
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the ways in which calcium is bound to a protein as well as the role of calcium in protein function. Proteins that contain γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) are discussed as an example of proteins that bind calcium mainly by bidentate chelation. Prothrombin is the prototypical Gla-containing plasma protein, especially with regard to structural characteristics and calcium- and phospholipid-binding properties. Lectins are proteins that have no known enzymatic activity, but exhibit numerous biological activities that are related to their ability to bind carbohydrates in the presence of divalent cations. The proposed roles for calcium and the postulated calcium-binding sites are based on homology with concanavalin A (Con A). A variety of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester, phosphodiester, and peptide bonds bind calcium ions. The calcium-binding hydrolytic enzymes include many hydrolytic enzymes, but mechanistic and crystallographic data are available only for phospholipase A 2 , staphylococcal nuclease, thermolysin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. The vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein structure indicates that intracellular calcium-modulated proteins may utilize other structures for calcium-binding.
TL;DR: A functional linkage between serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the rat cortex is demonstrated, with beta- adrenergic receptors and neurohormonal sensitivity of the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-generating system being under separate regulatory control.
Abstract: The action of desipramine on the norepinephrine-sensitive adenylate cyclase system and the density of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat cortex was studied after selective lesioning of serotonergic neurons with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. In animals with lesions desipramine failed to reduce the density of beta-adrenoceptors but decreased the response of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate to isoproterenol and norepinephrine to the same degree as in animals without lesions. The results demonstrate a functional linkage between serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the rat cortex, with beta-adrenergic receptors and neurohormonal sensitivity of the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-generating system being under separate regulatory control.
TL;DR: Tellinghuisen et al. as discussed by the authors reassessed the contributions of the 1Πu and A potentials and their diffuse absorption spectra to the absorption coefficient of I2 in the 4200-8000 A region.
Abstract: The contributions of the 1Πu←X, B←X, and A←X transitions to the absorption coefficient of I2 in the 4200–8000 A region are reassessed in light of recent results concerning the 1Πu and A potentials and their diffuse absorption spectra. Earlier estimates of the continuum underlying the B←X discrete spectrum are augmented by additional high‐resolution ’’between‐the‐lines’’ absorption measurements, corrected for residual B–X absorption using the very reliable spectroscopic constants now available for this system. The 1Πu–X and A–X systems are now estimated to be about 10% weaker than in the previous analysis [J. Tellinghuisen J. Chem. Phys. 58, 2821 (1973)]. For the region 2.6–2.8 A sampled in absorption, the estimates of the B–X transition strength ‖μe‖2 remain close to the previous values.
TL;DR: Data support the hypothesis that, as in mice, the particular cytosol binding species in rats is the receptor that may mediate the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity.
TL;DR: Two orders of the class arachnida, six orders of insecta, five orders of crustacea and one order of chilopoda include species that have been reported to eat vertebrates.
Abstract: Summary
1. Many arthropods are predators of vertebrates: four orders of the class arachnida, six orders of insecta, five orders of crustacea and one order of chilopoda include species that have been reported to eat vertebrates. At the population level, some arthropods are responsible for significant mortality among some vertebrates.
2. Arthropods are well equipped for this type of predation; many are larger than vertebrates (approximately 20% of the vertebrate fauna of eastern North America is less than 10 cm in length), they may hunt in social groups and many have toxins or other adaptations that increase predatory efficiency.
3. Several arthropod predators and vertebrates may be involved in cross predation, the species eating each other. The switch in the role of predator and prey occurs during ‘ontogenetic reversal’ as the vertebrate grows from small and vulnerable to large and predaceous. Cross predation decreases the future risk for one's self or offspring.
4. The opportunity for arthropod predation on vertebrates exists in many communities, but a review of some food webs catalogued by Cohen (1978) indicates that this particular link may be easily overlooked. Some arthropods should be investigated as potential predators of vertebrates.
5. The information available from the analysis of feeding interactions in a community should be an important link between field and theoretical ecology; however, most food webs are probably underestimates of the complexity that is commonplace.
TL;DR: Extragonadal germ-cell tumors are as curable as testicular germ- cell tumors when treated with intensive cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy regimens, and surgical resection when necessary.
Abstract: Thirty-two patients with primary extragonadal germ-cell tumors were treated at Vanderbilt and Indiana University Hospitals during the period from 1967 to 1981. Thirty-one patients had far-advanced disease when treatment was begun. All patients received intensive cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy regimens. Tumors remaining after chemotherapy were surgically removed when feasible. Of the 31 evaluable patients, 18 have been continuously disease-free after therapy, 21 patients had a complete remission; the remaining 10 had partial response. Eighty-nine percent of patients with complete remission remain free of disease after median follow-up of 30 months. No relapses occurred after 12 months of complete remission. Patients with partial response had a median survival of 9 months with no long-term survivors. Response rates and survival are similar to patients with advanced-stage testicular germ-cell tumors. Extragonadal germ-cell tumors are as curable as testicular germ-cell tumors when treated with intensive cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy regimens, and surgical resection when necessary.
TL;DR: The role of cytochrome P-450 purification and characterization studies in the understanding of the total field is discussed, along with directions in which future research is needed.
Abstract: 1. Eight different forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Electrophoretic, spectral and catalytic properties of these cytochrome P-450s are presented and comparison is made with preparations presented elsewhere in the literature.2. The levels of these forms of cytochrome P-450 present in liver microsomes of rats treated with various compounds have now been quantified. Several forms of cytochrome P-450 are induced, in a more or less coordinate manner, while levels of other cytochrome P-450s are lowered, during administration of commonly used inducing agents.3. The role of cytochrome P-450 purification and characterization studies in the understanding of the total field is discussed, along with directions in which future research is needed.
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that two microadenomas causing Cushing's disease were responsive to CRF in situ and suggest that CRF may be involved in the etiology and/or the responses to changes in plasma glucocorticoid concentrations observed in patients with Cushing' disease.
Abstract: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was administered as an iv bolus to two young women with mild Cushing's disease shortly before and one week after successful transsphenoidal microadenomectomy. The dose of CRF (1 microgram/kg body weight) had previously been shown to stimulate increased plasma ACTH and cortisol in normal subjects. In the first patient, prior to surgery, there were brisk increases in ACTH and cortisol that exceeded those observed in normal subjects. ACTH rose by 2 min and reached a peak between 15-30 min. Cortisol increased by 10 min and peaked between 45-60 min. After surgery, at a time when plasma cortisol was maintained at similar levels with exogenous hydrocortisone, there was no plasma ACTH or LH, TSH and prolactin increased after administration of LRH and TRH, and GH increased in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The second patient had higher basal plasma ACTH and cortisol than the first patient. CRF-induced increments in ACTH and cortisol were much less, but the time course was similar and peak levels attained were still higher than those in normal subjects. After surgery, at a time when plasma cortisol was maintained at a much lower level with exogenous hydrocortisone, there was no plasma ACTH or cortisol response. She had mild, transient diabetes insipidus. Basal levels of all other anterior pituitary hormones were normal. These results demonstrate that two microadenomas causing Cushing's disease were responsive to CRF in situ and suggest that CRF may be involved in the etiology and/or the responses to changes in plasma glucocorticoid concentrations observed in patients with Cushing's disease.
TL;DR: Results indicate that the site responsible for the interaction of human fibrinogen with the platelet receptor resides in the 27-residue carboxy-terminal region of the γ chain.
TL;DR: The ability of cimetidine to impair the elimination of aminopyrine in the mouse after acute liver damage was greater than in the normal mouse, and other H 2 -antihistamines have been studied both in vivo and in vitro.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the lattice of relation algebras has infinitely many dual atoms, the conjugate varieties of the full relation algebra on finite sets, and that these varieties have simple equational bases (Theorems 7.5 and 7.7).
Abstract: formulas 4' and 4, *= 1 are equivalent. All these facts were known to Tarski as early as the 1940's, and they have been used by him and his collaborators. However, much of the work in this area was done at a time when the general theory of varieties was in its early stages, and many of the ideas, techniques and results from that theory were therefore not available. It is the purpose of this paper to re-examine and extend some of the known facts about relation algebras, making use of these more recent developments. Our primary concern will be varieties of relation algebras. In particular, we shall give simple equational bases for several interesting varieties, and prove a number of theorems about the lattice of all varieties of relation algebras. Among other things it will be shown that this lattice has infinitely many dual atoms, the conjugate varieties of the full relation algebras on finite sets, and that these varieties have simple equational bases (Theorems 7.5 and 7.7). In order to make this paper more nearly selfcontained, considerable space has been devoted to a summary of known results about relation algebras. It is hoped
TL;DR: Normal processing of horse proOLMC appears to be similar to that in other species, but may be altered in pars intermedia tumors of horses with Cushing's disease, the plasma of which contains disproportionately increased concentrations of pars inter media pro OLMC peptides.
Abstract: Using RIAs for six regions within proopiolipomelanocortin (proOLMC), gel filtration, and electrophoresis, we studied pituitary peptides in a normal horse and one with Cushing's disease caused by a pars intermedia adenoma. Almost all immunoreactive (IR) ACTH (78%) was 4,500 mol wt (4.5K) ACTH in normal pars distalis, but it was almost 100% corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) in normal pars intermedia. alpha MSH and beta MSH were found mainly in pars intermedia: equal concentrations of the beta MSH precursors, beta-lipotropin (beta LPH) and gamma LPH, were found in pars distalis. Most IR-beta-endorphin (IR-beta END) was found as beta END in pars intermedia, but roughly equal concentrations of beta END and its precursor, beta LPH, were found in pars distalis. A 33K molecule containing IR-ACTH, IR-gamma 3MSH, and IR-beta END, presumed to be proOLMC, and a variety of 15-27K presumed biosynthetic intermediates were found in both normal pars distalis and pars intermedia. The pars intermedia adenoma causing Cushing's syndrome contained high IR-peptide concentrations. Several differences in precursors were noted, including the presence of three larger presumed precursors (38.5K, 47K, and 63K) that had both ACTH and beta END immunoreactivities and both deletions and additions of 15-27K intermediates. The Cushing's horse's plasma peptides reflected tumor concentrations; 4.5K ACTH was modestly elevated, but the concentrations of CLIP, alpha MSH, beta MSH, gamma LPH, and beta END were dramatically increased. About 20% of plasma IR-ACTH and 5% of IR-beta MSH and IR-beta END were found as high molecular weight forms. Normal processing of horse proOLMC appears to be similar to that in other species, but may be altered in pars intermedia tumors of horses with Cushing's disease, the plasma of which contains disproportionately increased concentrations of pars intermedia proOLMC peptides.