Showing papers in "Ageing Research Reviews in 2009"

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to describe the molecular roles of age-related physiological functional declines and the accompanying chronic diseases associated with aging to provide insights into potential interventions that may affect the aging process and reduce age- related diseases, thereby promoting healthy longevity.

TL;DR: This review will explore some of the age-related changes in total and regional fat distribution associated with increased fat content within bone marrow, which exposes the elderly to fracture risk beyond that associated with low bone mineral density alone.

TL;DR: Current knowledge about epigenetic modifications in aging and age-related diseases and future directions in the field are discussed.

TL;DR: This review will cover the recent progress and future directions of klotho research, structure and expression of the klOTHo gene, localization of kLotho expression, source of circulating klothso, current understanding of k lotho functions, and signaling pathways of knotho.

TL;DR: This review will highlight age-related changes in the protein folding machinery and in the unfolded protein response, characterized by the induction of chaperones, degradation of misfolded proteins and attenuation of protein translation.

TL;DR: Present findings strongly suggest that the skeletal muscle SC control myogenesis and have an important, but yet unresolved, function in the loss of muscle mass with aging.

TL;DR: The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy and the role of autophagosome/lysosome network in the aging process are discussed.

TL;DR: The main results obtained in the field of biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress in AD and MCI in humans are discussed, in addition to their potential role as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy in AD.

TL;DR: This review will focus on PGC-1alpha, SIRT1, AMPK and mTOR and discuss how these proteins regulate mitochondrial function and their potential involvement in aging, calorie restriction and age-related disease.

TL;DR: Long-standing hypertension may lead to severe atherosclerosis and impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation, and a decline in blood pressure in later life may contribute to diminished cerebral perfusion.

TL;DR: The role of inflammation in the development and progression of aortic dissection is discussed, and changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers are associated with acute-phase reactions and complications in aorti dissection.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is discussed and as a possible therapeutic target.

TL;DR: The intriguing possibility that Abeta toxicity may downregulate the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, thereby upregulating GSK-3 and consequent tau hyperphosphorylation, linking Abeta and tangle pathology is discussed.

TL;DR: Increasing evidence is focused on the increasing evidence that, HSPs, proteasomes and autophagy regulate protein turnover in the RPE cells and thus have important roles in AMD disease.

TL;DR: Future research is needed to determine whether deliberate cardiac slowing, through methods like lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention, or medical devices, can decelerate biological clock of aging, reduce cardiovascular mortality and increase maximum lifespan in humans in general.

TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to summarise, evaluate and critique the different mechanisms involved in anabolic growth of skeletal muscle and the catabolic processes involved in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia of ageing, since they represent targets for future promising clinical investigations.

TL;DR: The data supports a negative association between the GG genotype of IL-6 SNP and longevity in Italian centenarians, with males who carry the genotype being two times less likely to reach extreme old age compared with subjects carrying CC or CG genotypes.

TL;DR: This review provides a discussion of key findings from AD and PD proteomics-based studies in various animal models of disease that may lead to the development of potential therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the signaling mechanisms elicited by RAAS from the perspective of AT(1) receptor blockers and/or MR blockers in the treatment of age-related vascular diseases are reviewed.

TL;DR: The link between DNA damage, chromatin alterations and ageing is discussed, an interplay that explains how seemingly random DNA damage could manifest in predictable phenotypic changes that define ageing, changes that may ultimately be reversible.

TL;DR: New evidence is presented that endocytosis plays a central role in the production of Abeta in neurons, the chief culprit of Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The animal data indicate that dried plum not only protects against but more importantly reverses bone loss in two separate models of osteopenia, and the effectiveness of dried plum in reversal of bone loss due to skeletal unloading is shown.

TL;DR: The cell-replacement and gene therapies and molecular targeting of aged and dysfunctional adult stem/progenitor cells including their malignant counterpart, cancer-initiating cells, hold great promise for treating and even curing diverse devastating human diseases.

TL;DR: Data is presented on age-dependent, tissue-specific changes in ER-related Ca(2+) homeostasis in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles, as well as in the nervous and immune systems, and on potential targets for intervention in aged humans.

TL;DR: The results show that PON1 gene variants at codon 192 impact on the probability of attaining longevity, and that subjects carrying RR and QR genotypes (R+ carriers) are favoured in reaching extreme ages, likely representing the counterpart of the effects observed on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as centenarians and nonagenarians escaped or delayed the onset of the major age-related diseases, including CVD.

TL;DR: Non-APOE genetics of SAD is reviewed, reviewing chromosomes-by-chromosomes the available data concerning the major candidate genes and some recently discovered aspects of the APOE polymorphism and their implications for SAD.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, except for premature ageing syndromes, replicative capacity of fibroblasts in vitro does not mirror key characteristics of human life histories.

TL;DR: This review will put forward the hypothesis that the host-defense role of DNA methylation in silencing and mutational destroying of retroviruses and other intragenomic parasites was extended during evolution to most host genes that have to be inactivated in differentiated somatic cells, where it acquired a new function in age-related self-destruction of the genome.

TL;DR: The aim of the review is to provide an update on the progress in this research field, highlight the role of EPCs in atherosclerosis and discuss the possible mechanisms and potential risks of progenitor cell-based therapy in Atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: A retrospection of therapeutic angiogenesis trials is held and the mechanisms that contribute to an impaired angiogenic response in the setting of endothelial dysfunction are discussed, and endothelial function-improving procedures that have the potentially therapeutic benefit of enhancing the angiogens response are explored.