Showing papers in "Aquatic Toxicology in 1991"

TL;DR: The broad phylogenetic spectrum of examples discussed herein illustrate that while there are numerous differences among the phyla with respect to both pro- and anti-oxidant mechanisms to establish a vigorous basis of inquiry, enough striking similarities exist to suggest the use of aquatic organisms as alternative models to mammals in various areas of oxyradical research, e.g. aging and cancer.

TL;DR: The presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) in feral lake trout eggs (Salvelinus namaycush) may increase the risk of lake trout early life stage mortality in the Great Lakes as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The decreased energetic commitment to reproduction, along with the increased condition factor, suggested a disruption in metabolic capability and altered energy allocation in fish exposed to BKME.

TL;DR: The bioavailability of copper to Daphnia magna was studied in a complete three factor experiment with variable total copper (TCU), pH, and naturally-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC).

TL;DR: The study shows that MC-LR may in fish, in analogy with its extreme hepatotoxic potential in mammals, cause severe liver damage and the toxin shows in fish a strong impact on elements of the kidney.

TL;DR: The cardiovascular system appears to be the initial tissue affected in both the TCDD toxicity syndrome and in blue-sac disease of developing lake trout.

TL;DR: HPLC gel-permeation of the cytosol obtained after the exposure to109Cd in water reveals that the resistant worms have significantly higher levels of a cadmium-binding, metallothionein-like protein than control worms, which is proposed to contribute to the resistance of L. hoffmeisteri from Foundry Cove.

TL;DR: Fathead minnow was the most resistant species in practically all the available comparisons and no dependence of the selective toxicity on the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of the chemicals could be observed.

TL;DR: The recognition that the MDR-like mechanism is operative in mussel may explain the relative resistance of this species to pollution and the knowledge that the presence of one xenobiotic may block the pumping out, and hence accelerating accumulation, of other(s), may help to understand and interpret present and past data on different parameters obtained with this most exploited indicator organism.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that anthracene, previously thought to be non-toxic in the absence of SUVR, may cause reproductive impairment in fish.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the metabolism plays a key role in the bioaccumulation and in the species specific toxicity of diazinon in fish.

TL;DR: It is reported that environmentally innocuous derivatives of potassium (e.g. KH 2 PO 4 and KCl) can kill zebra mussels at relatively low concentrations without affecting most nontarget organisms.

TL;DR: TBT can strongly interact with hepatic microsomal P-450 in fish leading to destruction of native enzyme and inhibition of enzyme activity in scup, indicating that TBT has different effects on these reductases.

TL;DR: Examination of whole brain neurotransmitters indicated a significant increase in both serotonin and norepinephrine levels but no change in dopamine in response to lead intoxication, as well as a high significance among fish exposed to 1.0 mg/l lead.

TL;DR: The induction of cytochrome P450IA1 was detected in freshwater fish liver using 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) and the species Barbus barbus was more sensitive to the pollution.

TL;DR: It is concluded that terrestrially derived humic acids are an inappropriate model to be used in predicting the effects of freshwater humic substances oa the toxicity of metals.

TL;DR: In this article, the BCF of 19 parent and hetero polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were obtained from static bioconcentration experiments with Poecilia reticulata by monitoring the decrease in the initial aqueous concentration.

TL;DR: The concentration of toxin in mussel tissues did not decrease consistently over a depuration period of 48 h, nor did DOM appear to be translocated to any tissue for storage.

TL;DR: Cadmium and PCB exposure caused significant reductions in the levels of progesterone and testosterone in the pyloric caeca of male and female sea stars, and microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and steroid conversion activities were not significantly influenced by cadmium or PCB exposure, although a slight reduction of steroid metabolism was observed.

TL;DR: The lethal body burden was determined in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) that died of exposure to four individual organophosphorous pesticides at two different concentrations and it was observed that the bioconcentration factor of chlorothion at lethal exposure levels was a factor of 10 higher than the biconcentration at sublethal levels.

TL;DR: With the exception of FapyAde, the DNA lesion concentrations in the livers were intermediate between those of the initially studied tumor-bearing fish and healthy fish from non-contaminated sites, which is consistent with the concept that they are causally linked to tumorigenesis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of water temperature and oxygen concentration on the photo-induced toxicity of anthracene to juvenile bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was determined.

TL;DR: Common carp appeared to be more sensitive to acid stress than many other species of fish.

TL;DR: Arsenate-tolerant marine periphyton communities established under arsenate stress in a flow-through aquarium system were investigated for cotolerance to various inhibitors of photosynthesis, suggesting that significant cot tolerance is not ubiquitous nor common in peripHYton, and that the emerging cot intolerance pattern may be indicative of the toxicity and tolerance mechanisms.

TL;DR: Profiles of nonesterified and esterified cholesterol in ovary, liver and serum were studied in sexually mature Cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentrations of phenol and sulfide and it was found that for 45-day exposure, sulfide had an adverse effect on the transport of cholesterol from circulation to ovary.

TL;DR: Results were supported by corresponding results from a 14 days study, where rainbow trout were exposed to technical grade endosulfan and glutathione S-transferase activity towards 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenZene was also included, however, no effect on GST was observed.

TL;DR: Accumulation, elimination and possible transformation of tributyltin chloride (TBT) were studied in embryos and yolk sac larvae of minnows Phoxinus phoxinus to indicate a considerable potential of TBT for bioconcentration in fish early life stages.

TL;DR: Analysis of covariance on the lethal residue data showed that lipid levels interacted significantly with exposure concentration, suggesting that the fish do not act as an ideal single compartment, and Correction of PCP residues for fish lipid content showed that some of the variation in lethal body burdens could be accounted for by lipid content.

TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-continuous, flow-through culture system with an exponentially increasing replacement rate of filter-sterilized media was used to grow L. trisulca.