Showing papers in "Behaviour Research and Therapy in 2014"

TL;DR: Examples to clinicians are provided for how to apply an inhibitory learning model of extinction to optimize exposure therapy with anxious clients, in ways that distinguish it from a 'fear habituation' approach and 'belief disconfirmation' approach within standard cognitive-behavior therapy.

TL;DR: Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT) has attracted a lot of interest during the last 10-15 years with a strong increase of the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Dialectical behavior therapy skills training (DBT-ST) is a promising treatment for emotion dysregulation for depressed and anxious transdiagnostic adults, although more assessment of feasibility is needed.

TL;DR: DBT with the DBT PE protocol is feasible, acceptable, and safe to administer, and may lead to larger improvements in PTSD, intentional self-injury, and other outcomes than DBT alone.

TL;DR: Findings support the use of self-compassion as another adaptive emotion regulation strategy for patients with major depressive disorder, especially for those suffering from high levels of depressed mood.

TL;DR: Preliminary evidence is provided for the hypotheses that deficits in emotion regulation may contribute to the development of depression and that interventions systematically enhancing adaptive emotion regulation skills may help prevent and treat depressive symptoms.

TL;DR: Mindfulness-based group therapy significantly improved sexual desire and other indices of sexual response, and should be considered in the treatment of women's sexual dysfunction.

TL;DR: The RDoC endeavor faces several methodological and conceptual challenges, four of which are addressed here: an overemphasis on biological units and measures, neglect of measurement error, biological and psychometric limitations of endophenotypes, and the distinction between biological predispositions and their behavioral manifestations.

TL;DR: Findings have important implications for clinicians discussing mindfulness-based interventions with their participants, in particular in relation to MBCT, where the amount of participant engagement in home practice appears to have a significant positive impact on outcome.

TL;DR: It is indicated that CBT is efficacious in the treatment of hypochondriasis/health anxiety and identifies potential moderators that are associated with outcome.

TL;DR: Overall, although some positive findings were identified, the value of e-therapy for eating disorders must be viewed as uncertain and further research, with improved methods, is needed to establish the effectiveness.

TL;DR: Greater likelihood of excluding clients from exposure was associated with higher therapist anxiety sensitivity and endorsement of negative beliefs about exposure therapy, and training implications of these findings are discussed.

TL;DR: Findings support the effectiveness of CBT compared to no intervention for youth with anxiety disorders, with no significant differences between ICBT and GCBT, but the relatively low recovery rates highlight the need for further improvement ofCBT programs and their transportability from university to community settings.

TL;DR: The neural circuits underlying fear extinction in rodents and healthy humans are reviewed and how these circuits may fail to extinguish fear in patients with anxiety disorders are reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that guided Internet-delivered ACT intervention can be as effective as ACT-based face- to-face treatment for outpatients reporting depressive symptoms, and it may offer some advantages over a face-to-face intervention.

TL;DR: Change in attention bias mediated the relationship between AMP group (active condition reported by Carlbring et al. versus AMP + FACT) and change in social anxiety symptoms, suggesting the importance of interpreting findings related to symptom change in attention training studies in the context of bias effects.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the systematic exposure included in the ICBT protocol has incremental effects over the other components in the protocol.

TL;DR: Individually tailored ICBT is an effective and cost-effective treatment for primary-care patients with anxiety disorders with or without comorbidities, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio favored ICBT compared to control group.

TL;DR: Cognitive flexibility may not find cognitive restructuring as useful to alleviate emotional distress as those with better cognitive flexibility, but those with poorer cognitive flexibility can still benefit from standardised CBT, even if their use of cognitive restructuring is less effective.

TL;DR: Even amongst children as young as 3 years, developmentally tailored E/RP is efficacious and well-tolerated in reducing OCD symptoms and key adaptations for younger children include extensive parent involvement, targeting family accommodation, and frequent meetings while delivering a full course of E/ RP.

TL;DR: HEAL has the potential to be an effective, well-tolerated tool to reduce the burden of significant pre-clinical PGD and further research is needed to refine and to assess its efficacy and mechanisms of action in a large-scale trial.

TL;DR: It is argued that the burgeoning field of behavioural neuroscience may advance the understanding of fear, anxiety disorders and its treatments and insights from neuroscience on the malleability of fear memory with the potential to provide a long-term cure for anxiety and related disorders are presented.

TL;DR: It can be concluded that repetitive negative thinking is an important transdiagnostic factor and rumination and worry are partly responsible for the cross-sectional and prospective co-occurrence of affective disorders and may be suitable targets for treatment.

TL;DR: A novel fear-potentiated startle paradigm including Pavlovian and instrumental components is validated, with greater generalization of Pavlovians fear associated with overgeneralization of maladaptive instrumental-avoidance.

TL;DR: Results showed that chemical imbalance test feedback failed to reduce self-blame, elicited worse prognostic pessimism and negative mood regulation expectancies, and led participants to view pharmacotherapy as more credible and effective than psychotherapy.

TL;DR: The study failed to find support for the standard approach to trigger management of advising avoidance, but LCT emerged as a promising strategy for graduated exposure to selected triggers to promote desensitization.

TL;DR: Most psychological symptoms improved significantly from baseline to 12 month follow-up, regardless of treatment type, and weight gain emerged as a significant predictor of improved eating disorder pathology.

TL;DR: The MEST group generated significantly more specific memories and had significantly fewer PTSD symptoms following training and at follow-up than the control group.

TL;DR: Changes in weekly frequency and success of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, as well as weekly intensity of social anxiety among patients receiving 16 weekly sessions of individual CBT, are examined.

TL;DR: While all participants experienced reductions in PTSD symptoms, participants in the ABM group experienced significantly fewer PTSD and depressive symptoms at post-treatment when compared to the ACC group.