Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 1988"

TL;DR: The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia is introduced, a 19-item clinician-administered instrument that uses information from interviews with both the patient and a nursing staff member, a method suitable for demented patients.

TL;DR: The volume of the entorhinal region is significantly reduced in postmortem brains of schizophrenics compared with controls, and a significant reduction of neurons, but no significant increase in absolute glial cell numbers is found.

TL;DR: The results indicate that many schizophrenics show difficulties in voluntary control of saccades, suggesting a dysfunction of the frontal cortex.

TL;DR: It was found that the number of detoxifications appeared to be an important variable in the predisposition to withdrawal seizures, and support the concept that previous alcohol withdrawals may "kindle" more serious subsequent withdrawal symptomatology, ultimately culminating in withdrawal seizures.

TL;DR: A 5- HT hypothesis of anxiety is proposed that takes into account 5-HT availability as well as receptor sensitivity and is based on evidence from animal studies and new human data.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the incidence of PWML would be higher in patients with the first episode of affective disorder above age 45 than in those patients above 45 with affective Disorder that started before the age of 45 is examined to suggest that PWML may be causally related to depression in some of these individuals.

TL;DR: Using brain magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution computed tomography, changes in the subcortical white matter were identified in 44 of 67 elderly depressed inpatients referred for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), suggesting that leukoencephalopathy may result from arteriosclerotic disease of the medullary arteries that supply the sub cortical brain regions.

TL;DR: It is observed that Salivary cortisol was quite stable at room temperature without centrifugation and that salivary and plasma cortisol values were highly correlated, and a close correspondence in circadian and ultradian fluctuations in salivaries and Plasma cortisol is observed.

TL;DR: The results show that [3H]paroxetine is a ligand of choice to label the 5-HT uptake molecular complex in human brain.

TL;DR: The reduction of NK activity during anticipatory and actual bereavement cannot be explained solely on the basis of increased cortisol secretion.

TL;DR: Uptake and clearance of 18F-NMS in cerebellar tissue was not appreciably affected by antipsychotic medication or drug withdrawal, and an inverse relation between labeled competitor uptake and drug plasma level has been demonstrated.

TL;DR: Present ideas suggest a positive involvement of melatonin in affective disorders, possible involvement in the schizophrenic psychosis, and potential involvement of this hormone in other psychiatric categories.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the level of salivary PGs may be an indicator of major depressive disorder.

TL;DR: It is found that underweight anorectics had normal basal CSF 5-HIAA levels, similar to healthy control women, as well as the number of under-

TL;DR: Investigating the brainstem structure of autistic patients by planimetric analysis of midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans found the entire brainstem and one component--the pons--to be statistically significantly smaller in the autistic group when compared with medical controls.

TL;DR: It is shown that an antidepressant-like effect--reversal of helpless behavior--can be obtained with drugs assumed to stimulate serotonin 1A receptors, and this indicates that the model of learned helplessness can be modified to accommodate such an effect.

TL;DR: Olfactory discrimination was measured in patients with schizophrenia who were on neuroleptic medication and was compared with other psychiatric patients receiving neuroleptics and normal controls, which showed significantly lower performance than the psychiatric and normal control groups.

TL;DR: The results suggest that PMS symptomatology may be related to alterations in serotonergic neuronal mechanisms and platelet monoamine oxidase activity was significantly lower postmenstrually in PMS patients compared to the premenstrual phase.

TL;DR: The analysis of the endocrine and metabolic parameters revealed a significant inverse correlation between triiodothyronine and ventricular size, and various possible pathogenetic mechanisms for the morphological brain alterations in patients with eating disorders are discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that depression in men is associated with a potentially reversible decrease in erectile capacity, which may be associated with significant sexual dysfunction.

TL;DR: The paroxysmal short epochs of euphoria associated with electroencephalographic and ACTH responses during the ascending phase of the blood ethanol curve may reflect physiological concomitants of pharmacological and behavioral reinforcers that enhance risk for perpetuation of drinking and alcohol abuse.

TL;DR: Comparison of normal and medicated schizophrenic groups on the auditory P300 component of the event-related potential confirmed the earlier finding of a left temporal deficit in P300 amplitude in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: To understand the effects of psychiatric disorders on the ocular motor system, specific defects must be identified and quantified.

TL;DR: A specific role for norepinephrine is suggested in the modulation of sensory processing in psychotic patients using Sprague-Dawley rats, and pretreatment with DSP4 significantly attenuated the reduction in conditioning-testing suppression observed following the administration of amphetamine.

TL;DR: MK-212 may stimulate the secretion of cortisol and prolactin in humans via a serotonin (5-HT2) receptor mechanism and may be a valuable tool with which to study 5-HT receptor sensitivity in humans.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the relatively slow accumulation of lithium in the brain may be responsible for the delay in therapeutic response that is frequently observed after the initiation of therapy.

TL;DR: Electroencephalographic findings in veterans with PTSD are described, as well as preliminary data on the efficacy of carbamazepine in the treatment of this disorder are described.