Showing papers in "Brain and Cognition in 2003"

TL;DR: Evidence suggests activity in a subcortical network involving portions of the nucleus accumbens shell, ventral pallidum, and brainstem causes 'liking' and positive affective reactions to sweet tastes.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the recognition of emotions would draw upon anatomically separable brain regions, depending on whether the stimuli were static or explicitly conveyed information regarding actions, is tested in a rare subject with extensive bilateral brain lesions, patient B.

TL;DR: The possibility that other cognitive tasks, including those used in imaging studies, may prove to be more effective than motor imagery has been the most commonly used task is explored.

TL;DR: Arguments against the use of some current neuropsychological non-verbal instruments, procedures, and norms in the assessment of diverse educational and cultural groups are discussed and possible solutions to this problem are presented.

TL;DR: The position is advanced that to make progress on understanding the neurobiological nature of affect, the authors need to utilize experimental strategies different from those that are common in cognitive science.

TL;DR: Behavioural measurements indicate a general improvement in the efficiency of information processing after caffeine, while the EEG data support the general belief that caffeine acts as a stimulant.

TL;DR: It was found that across people and situations, the right hemisphere is the more dominant for spatial processing, however, consideration of specific moderator variables yielded a more complex picture.

TL;DR: Reviewing the empirical literature on central nervous system and autonomic nervous system concomitants of emotional states finds numerous cortical and subcortical regions show co-occurring activity with ANS responses in emotion, and there may be reversed asymmetries on cerebral levels with respect to CNS/ANS interrelations.

TL;DR: The results on the inversion task suggest that most adolescents with autism form a normal configuration-based face representation, but the absence of the composite effect indicates that they are less prone to use the contextual information of the face in a visual-search task.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented in favor of the view that the right hemisphere can be considered more "visually intelligent" than the left, and the existence of a "right-hemisphere interpreter" dedicated to constructing a representation of the visual world is postulated.

TL;DR: This paper examined action priming under conditions in which the size of the prime did not predict thesize of the target (only 20% of trials were valid), and demonstrated reliable primingunder these conditions, consistent with the effect occurring automatically.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that motor strategies can be covertly transferred to imaginal transformations of nonbody objects.

TL;DR: The results confirm that syntactic awareness can account for variance in written language after phonological ability had been controlled for and support the hypothesis concerning the relationships between naming-speed processes and written language, and challenge the unitary phonological theory of reading difficulty.

TL;DR: Since sex differences remained in verbal episodic memory tasks and face recognition despite matched levels of estradiol, circulatingEstradiol does not appear to be of paramount consequence for observed sex differences in episodicMemory.

TL;DR: This brief commentary highlights seven sins in the study of emotion that are explicitly treated in contemporary affective neuroscience and illustrates how some of these sins can be addressed and rectified using concepts and methods from Affective neuroscience.

TL;DR: Results, especially those of the bimanual method, provided strong support for an activation model, they imposed an age limitation on its appropriateness as an explanation for performance on the chimeric-faces task.

TL;DR: There were no significant differences between the two conditions, though the Facsimile Money condition produced a greater range than the Real Money condition, which is important when considering the Gambling Task as a tool in clinical neuropsychology--where there are risks of both false positive and false negative classification errors.

TL;DR: Factor analysis showed that five interpretable factors could be derived from the DEX: intentionality (factor 1), interference management (factor 2), inhibition (factor 3), planning (factor 4), and social regulation (factor 5), suggesting that different components may underlie the behavioral dysexecutive symptoms of normal aging.

TL;DR: It is suggested that no specific emotion center exists over and above cognitive systems in the brain, and that emotion should not be divorced from cognition.

TL;DR: A specific working memory impairment associated with a deficit of pantomiming in the absence of any other disorders in the production of meaningful gestures suggested a way to modify the model to account for the data.

TL;DR: The aims of this research are to investigate, in healthy subjects, the hemispheric asymmetry hypothesis with an explicit manipulation of spatial frequencies of natural scenes and to examine whether the 'precedence effect' depends on the visual field of scene presentation or not.

TL;DR: The hypothesis of a specific conscious recollection deficit underlying episodic memory impairment in schizophrenia is supported and 20% greater for associative recognition relative to item recognition.

TL;DR: Results suggest that neonatal frontal lobe lesions can be used as an animal model of the overactivity in ADHD and rough-and-tumble play therapy may be a new useful treatment for ADHD.

TL;DR: It is found that under free viewing conditions women are more lateralised for the processing of facial emotion than are men, with women discriminating negative emotional expressions more accurately when the face was presented on the left-hand side and discriminating positive emotions more accurate when those faces werePresent on the right-handside.

TL;DR: It is suggested that working memory is a key factor in recall memory and may mediate the relationship between other executive measures and recall in PD.

TL;DR: Two studies using the emotional Stroop with 11-year-old children showed greater signs of emotional and social, but not cognitive, maladjustment across time, and positive and negative words showed differences in processing across components.

TL;DR: Data suggest that patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in differentiating interval durations across all paradigms compared to their control-group peers on a range of auditory tasks, consistent with a general temporal deficit in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: It is concluded that developmental prosopagnosia is similar to the adult-onset form in encoding deficits for the spatial arrangement of facial elements, and defects in luminance perception and spatial resolution are more associated with defective encoding for basic object-level recognition.

TL;DR: The hypothesis of sluggish automatic focusing of visual attention in dyslexics is supported, which could be a consequence of a general magnocellular deficit demonstrated previously in Dyslexics.

TL;DR: A strong preference for the right hand across all age groups on both tests with no significant differences across age and a significant correlation between the two measures suggests that these two tests may reflect somewhat different components of preference.