Showing papers in "Brain and Cognition in 2005"

TL;DR: The conclusion is that the representation of time depends on the integration of multiple neural systems that can be fruitfully studied in selected patient populations.

TL;DR: This meta-analysis suggests that cognitive impairment occurs reliably in women who have undergone adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer but that the magnitude of this impairment depends on the type of design that was used (i.e., cross-sectional or prospective).

TL;DR: The behavioral and ERP data show that high-anxious participants were slower to respond to targets regardless of the emotion expressed by the face cue, and the between-group pattern in ERP waveforms suggests that the slower reaction times in high- anxious participants might reflect increased attentional dwelling on the face cues, rather than a general slowing of response enactment.

TL;DR: This baseline study lays the groundwork for an ongoing longitudinal study addressing the effects of intensive musical training on brain and cognitive development, and making it possible to look retroactively at the brain and Cognitive development of those children who emerge showing exceptional musical talent.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the neural responses to level of familiarity and emotional expression were observable at this early processing stage but without interacting, supporting the contention of parallel and independent processing of faces.

TL;DR: Results confirmed previously noted hand and sex differences in the Place task of the Grooved Pegboard Test, as well as the lack of effect of handedness on performance, and indicated that the Remove task was sensitive to sex and handedness effects.

TL;DR: Gender differences on ERPs were evidenced over anterior locations and involve the modulation of two spatially and temporally distinct components, in general accordance with the view that males and females differ in the cognitive strategies they use to process information.

TL;DR: It is concluded that performance factors may play a role in sex difference on mental rotation tasks, but do not account for all of the differences.

TL;DR: The results suggest that premutation males display a pattern of deficit similar in profile, albeit milder in presentation, to that of the full mutation, however, little evidence emerged for a correlation between CGG repeat length and severity of phenotypic outcomes.

TL;DR: Children and adults with Asperger's syndrome were found to exhibit delayed P1 and N170 latencies and smaller N170 amplitudes in comparison to control subjects for all expressions, but differences were not observed between AS and control children.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the basal ganglia play a minimal role in movement timing and that impairments on event-based timing tasks are specific to cerebellar damage.

TL;DR: The findings of the present study are consistent with a previous claim of the Iowa group that emotion-based learning and working memory resources are doubly dissociable and suggest that the sorts of cognitive resources loaded by traditional executive tasks do not overlap, in the cognitive architecture, with the emotion- based learning skills that are required for Iowa Gambling Task performance.

TL;DR: A model in which there is a clock rate difference between auditory and visual signals due to an attentional effect at the level of a mode switch that gates pulses into an accumulator is posit, resulting in a larger auditory/visual difference for the HrSz group.

TL;DR: This study tested an alternative explanation, that a target appearing abruptly on its own in the visual field triggers a subcortically mediated reflexive shift of spatial attention, which is modulated by compatibility with gaze direction.

TL;DR: The results suggest that elderly participants have some problems developing logical strategies whereas they are able to execute complex predetermined plans.

TL;DR: High-boredom-prone individuals demonstrated higher error values when estimating time indicating that the subjective perception of the passage of time may be a critical component to the experience of boredom.

TL;DR: There were significant CRT and CCRT differences in AD subjects when compared to NECs and slowed RTs were also present in theMCI group, which provides evidence for impaired focussed attention and the inability to benefit from a cue in both the MCI and AD groups.

TL;DR: It appears that the dissociation between spoken and musical pitch perception in tone-deaf individuals is due to a deficit at a higher level than simple pitch-change detection.

TL;DR: The data suggest a gradual change in the underlying representation of the signal duration as a function of the remoteness of ITI feedback that is dependent upon both changes in working memory and the speed of the internal clock used to time durations in the seconds-to-minutes range.

TL;DR: This work investigated the effect of the various types of Iowa Gambling Task format on performance, using three types of task: the classic manual administration, with no time limitations; a computerised administration with a 6-s enforced delay; and a control computerised version which had no time constraints.

TL;DR: Findings are consistent with the view that participation in non-intellectually stimulating activities is associated with increased risk of developing AD, and suggest television viewing may be a marker of reduced participation in intellectually stimulating activities.

TL;DR: It was found that symmetry and attractiveness were not strongly related in faces of women or men while health and symmetry were related, and there was a significant difference between attractiveness and health.

TL;DR: Cognitive deterioration of AD patients is different according to education, although the global performance was similar in AD patients, which confirms that some cognitive processes, such as abstract thinking, decline more rapidly in high- educated patients whereas others seem to evolve more slowly if compared to low-educated patients.

TL;DR: Overall, the data show a male advantage in some components of spatial cognition closely linked to the encoding of the metric structure of the spatial relationships at both route and survey level.

TL;DR: Patients with unilateral (left or right) medial temporal lobe lesions and normal control (NC) volunteers participated in two experiments, both using a duration bisection procedure, which suggest the involvement of the right temporal lobe at the level of the decision process in temporal discriminations.

TL;DR: While matching to images of self also showed an effect of familiarity, the data in this condition show less evidence of perceptual asymmetry and are discussed in relation to recent research on the representation of one's own face.

TL;DR: It is suggested that substance abuse relieves the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia or that the patients with less cognitive deficits are more prone to substance abuse.

TL;DR: The results indicate that unilateral basalganglia lesions tend to produce minor motor problems in force control, and fail to support the hypothesized role of the basal ganglia in timing.

TL;DR: Patients with schizophrenia showed impaired learning of the conditioned response compared to controls and also greater within-subject variability in the timing of their responses, consistent with models of schizophrenia in which timing deficits underlie information-processing abnormalities and clinical features of the disorder.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the administration of dopamine did not entirely remove the memory deficits in PD patients, and DA treatment would have abnormally accelerated the rate of the internal clock leading to shorter duration productions inPD patients.