Showing papers in "Canadian Psychology in 2021"

When social isolation is nothing new: A longitudinal study psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without preexisting mental health concerns

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on college and university campuses internationally (e g , widespread campus closures, transitions to online learning) Postsecondary students, who were already a developmentally vulnerable population, are now facing additional new challenges, which could lead to increased mental health concerns However, there is a paucity of research on the psychological impacts of COVID-19, or who may be most at risk, among postsecondary students To address these gaps in the literature, we recontacted a sample of 773 postsecondary students (74% female, Mage = 18 52) who previously completed a survey on student mental health in May 2019, again in May 2020 Students filled out an online survey at both time points, reporting on their recent stressful experiences and mental health Although we expected that students with preexisting mental health concerns would show increased psychological distress during the pandemic, this hypothesis was not supported Instead, repeated-measures analyses demonstrated that students with preexisting mental health concerns showed improving or similar mental health during the pandemic (compared with one year prior) In contrast, students without preexisting mental health concerns were more likely to show declining mental health, which coincided with increased social isolation among these students Our findings underscore that colleges and universities will not only need to continue to support students with preexisting mental health needs but also prioritize early prevention and intervention programming to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on students with increasing psychological distress, potentially stemming from increasing social isolation in response to the pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) La pandemie mondiale du coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a eu un impact sans precedent sur les campus universitaires et collegiaux a l'echelle internationale (p ex , fermetures de campus generalisees, transition vers l'apprentissage en ligne) Les etudiants de niveau postsecondaire, qui forment deja une population vulnerable sur le plan developpemental, font maintenant face a de nouveaux defis supplementaires, ce qui pourrait entrainer une augmentation des inquietudes en matiere de sante mentale Or, il y a un manque de recherche sur les impacts psychologiques de la COVID-19, ou sur les personnes qui pourraient etre les plus a risque, chez les etudiants de niveau postsecondaire Afin de combler ces lacunes dans la litterature, nous avons contacte, de nouveau en mai 2020, un echantillon de 773 etudiants de niveau postsecondaire (74 % de sexe feminin, age median = 18,52 ans) qui avaient deja repondu a un sondage en mai 2019 sur la sante mentale des etudiants Les etudiants ont rempli un sondage en ligne aux deux moments, faisant etat de leurs recentes experiences stressantes et de leur sante mentale Bien que nous nous attendions a ce que les etudiants ayant des preoccupations preexistantes en matiere de sante mentale montrent une detresse psychologique accrue pendant la pandemie, cette hypothese n'a pas ete appuyee Au lieu de cela, des analyses repetees ont demontre que les etudiants ayant des problemes preexistants de sante mentale affichaient une amelioration ou une sante mentale similaire pendant la pandemie (comparativement a un an auparavant) En revanche, les etudiants qui n'avaient pas de problemes preexistants de sante mentale etaient plus susceptibles de presenter une diminution de la sante mentale, ce qui coincidait avec un isolement social accru chez ces etudiants Nos resultats soulignent que les colleges et les universites auront non seulement besoin de continuer a soutenir les etudiants ayant des besoins preexistants en sante mentale, mais aussi de donner la priorite aux programmes de prevention et d'intervention precoces afin d'attenuer les repercussions de la COVID-19 sur les etudiants qui eprouvent une detresse psychologique croissante, pouvant decouler d'un isolement social croissant en reponse a la pandemie (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement -Although there is mounting concern that students with preexisting mental health concerns may be particularly vulnerable to the psychological impacts of COVID-19, the present study found that students without preexisting mental health concerns had greater increases in psychological distress during the pandemic Increases in social isolation were unique to students without preexisting mental health concerns (whereas students with preexisting mental health concerns showed no change), which may account for the worsening of their mental health (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Anxiety and depression in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey

Abstract: Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent mental health problems in Canada The COVID-19 pandemic will likely result in a large increase in the incidence and prevalence of anxiety and depression and experts are already warning of an "echo pandemic" of mental health problems The objective is this research was to explore how Canadians are managing with the COVID-19 outbreak and determine the impact of the pandemic on levels of anxiety and depression A nationally representative sample of 1,803 participants completed an online survey that was offered in both official languages The percentage of respondents who indicated that their anxiety was high to extremely high quadrupled (from 5% to 20%) and the number of participants with high self-reported depression more than doubled (from 4% to 10%) since the onset of COVID-19 Although current anxiety levels are expected to remain the same, respondents predicted that depression would worsen if physical distancing and self-isolation continue for another 2 months One-third of Canadians with anxiety and depression also report an increase in alcohol and cannabis use during the pandemic Canadians with depression and anxiety also indicate that the quantity and quality of mental health support systems has decreased Finally, a sizable proportion of Canadians believe that the federal and provincial governments should do more to support the mental health of Canadians Recommendations for psychologists responding to mental health needs during and following the pandemic are provided (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) La depression et l'anxiete sont les deux problemes de sante mentale les plus courants au Canada La pandemie de COVID-19 donnera lieu probablement a une incidence et a une prevalence accrues d'anxiete et de depression, et les experts envisagent deja l'eclosion d'une pandemie-echo de problemes de sante mentale L'objectif de cette etude est d'explorer la facon dont les Canadiens gerent l'eclosion de COVID-19 et de determiner les repercussions de la pandemie sur les niveaux d'anxiete et de depression Un echantillon representatif de la population nationale de 1803 participants a repondu a un questionnaire en ligne, offert dans les deux langues officielles Le pourcentage de repondants ayant indique que leur niveau d'anxiete etait eleve ou extremement eleve a quadruple (de 5 % a 20 %), et le nombre de participants disant souffrir d'une depression autorapportee a plus que double (de 4 % a 10 %) depuis le debut de la pandemie Bien qu'on s'attende a ce que les niveaux actuels d'anxiete se stabiliseront, les repondants croient que leur depression s'aggravera si la distanciation physique et le confinement sont maintenus durant deux autres mois Un tiers des Canadiens souffrant d'anxiete et de depression ont de plus rapporte une augmentation de leur consommation d'alcool et de cannabis durant la pandemie Les Canadiens souffrant d'anxiete et de depression ont aussi indique que les programmes de soutien en sante mentale ont diminue sur le plan de la quantite et de la qualite Enfin, une bonne proportion de Canadiens sont d'avis que les gouvernements federal et provinciaux devraient ameliorer le soutien pour la sante mentale de la population Des recommandations sont formulees a l'intention des psychologues qui repondent aux besoins en sante mentale durant et apres la pandemie (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement -Canadians are experiencing considerable anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic A number of variables are identified that appear to contribute to the mental health and well-being of Canadians Recommendations for psychologists responding to mental health needs during the pandemic are provided (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relations with mental health and quality of life

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing widespread detrimental effects on mental health and quality of life, yet little research has examined effective coping strategies to mitigate these negative effects The current study examined the association of 14 different coping strategies (categorized as approach or avoidance coping) with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life both cross-sectionally (N = 797) and longitudinally (n = 395) Avoidance coping was associated with higher depression, higher anxiety, and lower quality of life at baseline, and increased depression and anxiety over time Approach coping was associated with lower depression and better quality of life at baseline but not over time Further, depression and anxiety significantly mediated the association between coping and quality of life Of the specific coping strategies examined, positive reframing was the most beneficial, suggesting that interventions focusing on reframing negative aspects of the pandemic may be most beneficial to improve general well-being (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement -The current study examined the effectiveness of different coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic to help anxiety, depression, and quality of life Avoidance coping was unhelpful and was associated with increased depression and anxiety The most helpful coping strategy was positive reframing Positively reframing the negative effects of COVID-19 may help to cope with the pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

The psychological impact of COVID-19 in Canada: Effects of social isolation during the initial response

Abstract: Canadian public health officials responded to the unprecedented global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by invoking public health measures ranging from extreme (e g , quarantine) to lighter (e g , social distancing) measures Although necessary to mitigate disease spread, the psychological impact of social distancing and isolation is unknown (Wang et al , 2020) The impetus of this study were calls for research to compare the psychological effects of extreme and lighter measures (see Brooks et al , 2020), and our purpose was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress to determine whether negative effects were present during the initial stages of social distancing/isolation measures In this study, questionnaire data measuring satisfaction with life, social cohesion, psychological distress, and perceptions of risk was collected from 1381 Canadians during the early days of intense public health measures (31 March through 15 April 2020) Results suggest that even short-term social distancing practices are associated with increased psychological distress, including elevated levels of overall distress, such as panic, emotional disturbances, and depression These results are noteworthy for several reasons: the timing of the distress, the population under investigation, and the fact that the applied mitigation was "lighter" than full quarantines previously studied These findings suggest that after only a short period of time, less restrictive public health measures can lead to psychological distress These results have major significance for government officials in future public health crisis as they judiciously weigh the costs and benefits of applying such measures with various public health guidelines discussed (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) Les responsables de la sante publique du Canada ont repondu a l'eclosion mondiale sans precedent de la maladie du coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en invoquant des mesures de sante publique allant des mesures extremes (p ex , la quarantaine) aux mesures plus legeres (p ex , la distanciation sociale) Bien qu'il soit necessaire d'attenuer la propagation de la maladie, on ignore les repercussions psychologiques de la distanciation sociale et de l'isolement (Wang et al , 2020) L'idee de la presente etude est nee a la suite de demandes de recherche visant a comparer les effets psychologiques de mesures extremes et de mesures plus legeres (voir Brooks et al , 2020) Notre objectif etait d'examiner l'impact de la COVID-19 sur la detresse psychologique afin de determiner si des effets negatifs etaient presents au cours des premiers stades des mesures de distanciation sociale / d'isolement Dans cette etude, les donnees du questionnaire mesurant la satisfaction a l'egard de la vie, de la cohesion sociale, de la detresse psychologique et de la perception du risque ont ete recueillies aupres de 1 381 Canadiens au cours des premiers jours d'intenses mesures de sante publique (du 31 mars au 15 avril 2020) Les resultats semblent indiquer que meme les pratiques de distanciation sociale a court terme sont associees a une detresse psychologique accrue, y compris des niveaux eleves de detresse globale, comme la panique, les troubles emotionnels et la depression Ces resultats sont dignes de mention pour plusieurs raisons : le moment de la detresse, la population a l'etude et le fait que l'attenuation appliquee etait plus legere que les quarantaines completes deja etudiees Ces resultats semblent indiquer qu'apres une courte periode, des mesures de sante publique moins restrictives peuvent entrainer une detresse psychologique Ces resultats ont une importance majeure pour les responsables gouvernementaux sur les futures crises de sante publique, alors qu'ils evaluent judicieusement les couts et les avantages de l'application de telles mesures avec les diverses lignes directrices de la sante publique discutees (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement-During a global infectious disease pandemic, public health measures are often required to slow the spread of the disease Although these measures are necessary, they can have negative effects on mental health Even during the first few weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak, we found that there was a psychological impact on Canadian residents People who perceived that COVID-19 presented a large risk were more likely to feel panic, depression, and emotional disturbances We also found that females and people who were younger were likely to experience more psychological distress Public health officials should keep this in mind when implementing public health measures during potential subsequent waves of the pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

The impact of inequality on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Abstract: Previous research on pandemics and emergencies has shown that such events often widen health inequalities in society and have a greater impact on socially disadvantaged groups No review has so far looked at the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) The aim of the current review was therefore to assess the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during COVID-19 After registration on PROSPERO, a systematic review was conducted for papers published up to July 31, 2020, using the databases Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science The following inequality factors were considered: education, income, employment, occupation, material and social deprivation, age, immigrant status, sexual orientation, functional health, cultural/racial background, sex, gender, and place of residence Out of 1,931 references, 117 studies (300,061 participants) were included Female sex, being of a younger age, financial insecurity, lack of access to clear messaging/information about the pandemic, proximity to large infection sites, having existing physical and/or psychological health conditions, and being subjected to abuse/stigma because of one's identity as a member of an ethnic or sexual marginalized group predicted mental health inequalities More research is required on how inequality affects mental health in less studied vulnerable populations, such as ethnic, sexual, and gender marginalized participants, as well as how inequality factors interact to affect mental health in the long term Recommendations for researchers, mental health practitioners, and public health authorities for mitigating adverse mental health outcomes in vulnerable populations are outlined (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) Des recherches anterieures sur les pandemies et les urgences ont montre que de tels evenements augmentent souvent les inegalites en matiere de sante dans la societe et ont une incidence plus grave sur les groupes socialement defavorises A ce jour, aucune etude n'a examine l'incidence des facteurs d'inegalite sur les resultats en matiere de sante mentale lors de l'epidemie du nouveau coronavirus (COVID-19) L'objectif de la presente etude etait donc d'evaluer l'incidence des facteurs d'inegalite sur les resultats en matiere de sante mentale pendant la COVID-19 Apres inscription sur PROSPERO, un examen systematique a ete effectue pour les articles publies jusqu'au 31 juillet 2020, en utilisant les bases de donnees Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE) et Web of Science Les facteurs d'inegalite suivants ont ete pris en consideration : education, revenu, emploi, profession, privation materielle et sociale, age, statut d'immigrant, orientation sexuelle, sante fonctionnelle, origine culturelle/raciale, sexe, genre et lieu de residence Sur 1 931 references, 117 etudes (300 061 participants) ont ete incluses Le sexe feminin, le jeune age, l'insecurite financiere, le manque d'acces a des messages/renseignements clairs sur la pandemie, la proximite d'importants sites d'infection, les conditions de sante physique et/ou psychologique existantes et le fait d'etre victime d'abus/stigmatisation en raison de son identite en tant que membre d'un groupe ethnique ou sexuel marginalise ont permis de predire les inegalites en matiere de sante mentale Des recherches supplementaires sont necessaires sur la maniere dont les inegalites affectent la sante mentale dans les populations vulnerables moins etudiees, telles que les participants marginalises sur le plan ethnique, sexuel et sexospecifique, ainsi que sur la maniere dont les facteurs d'inegalite interagissent pour affecter la sante mentale a long terme Des recommandations sont formulees a l'intention des chercheurs, des praticiens de la sante mentale et des autorites de sante publique pour attenuer les effets nefastes sur la sante mentale des populations vulnerables (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement-The findings of this review suggest that several inequality factors, such as female sex, younger age, financial insecurity, having existing chronic health conditions, and being in an ethnic or sexual marginalized group predict worse mental health outcomes during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic There is an urgent need for mental health services to support vulnerable populations at this time, to reduce mental health inequalities and improve long-term psychological functioning (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

COVID-19 and telemental health: Benefits, challenges, and future directions

Abstract: Although the medical impacts of COVID-19 are notable, the interpersonal, financial, and social consequences of the pandemic are likely to have the largest and most sustained effect on the psychological health of Canadians Since the onset of the pandemic, mental illness has increased and demand for resources and services are on the rise COVID-19 has served as a catalyst for the rapid implementation and acceptance of telemental health as a psychological service delivery option Telemental health has several benefits, including increased reach and accessibility for those living in rural areas, reduced treatment attrition, and cost savings due to reduced travel Although telemental health may be an innovative solution for broadly delivering psychological services, it can also pose threats to confidentiality and is limited to individuals with accessibility to the Internet and capability to navigate online platforms Telemental health may also not be appropriate for individuals with severe mental illness (e g , active psychosis, suicidality), who require in-person services to mitigate acute risk, or in situations in which a high degree of confidentiality is critical for accurate disclosure (e g , child maltreatment, domestic violence) In this commentary, we describe the benefits and challenges of telemental health, and also highlight important considerations for clinicians, children and youth, systems that coordinate and facilitate mental health services, and future research We conclude that telemental health is not a panacea and requires careful consideration for appropriateness depending on client needs and confidentiality, and standards for ensuring optimal outcomes for clients (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) Bien que les repercussions medicales de la COVID-19 soient notables, les consequences interpersonnelles, financieres et sociales de la pandemie auront probablement l'effet le plus important et le plus soutenu sur la sante psychologique des Canadiens Depuis l'apparition de la pandemie, la maladie mentale a augmente et la demande de ressources et de services est en hausse La COVID-19 a servi de catalyseur a la mise en oeuvre et a l'acceptation rapides de la telesante mentale comme option de prestation de services psychologiques La telesante mentale a plusieurs avantages, notamment une portee et une accessibilite accrues pour les personnes vivant dans les zones rurales, une reduction de l'attrition dans le traitement et des economies en raison de deplacements reduits Bien que la telesante mentale puisse etre une solution novatrice pour offrir des services psychologiques a grande echelle, elle peut egalement poser des menaces a la confidentialite et est limitee aux personnes ayant acces a Internet et ayant la capacite de naviguer sur les plateformes en ligne La telesante mentale peut egalement ne pas etre appropriee pour les personnes atteintes d'une maladie mentale grave (p ex , psychose active, tendances suicidaires), qui ont besoin de services en personne pour attenuer le risque aigu ou dans les situations ou un degre eleve de confidentialite est essentiel a une divulgation exacte (p ex , maltraitance des enfants, violence familiale) Dans ce commentaire, nous decrivons les avantages et les defis de la telesante mentale, et nous mettons egalement en evidence des considerations importantes pour les cliniciens, les enfants et les adolescents, les systemes qui coordonnent et facilitent les services de sante mentale et les recherches futures Nous concluons que la telesante mentale n'est pas une panacee et qu'elle necessite un examen minutieux de sa pertinence en fonction des besoins des clients et de la confidentialite, ainsi que des normes visant a garantir des resultats optimaux pour les clients (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement -COVID-19 and its associated physical-distancing requirements served as a catalyst for the rapid uptake and implementation of telemental health This commentary explores both the benefits, as well as the cautions and challenges of using telemental health as a psychological service delivery option during COVID-19 and in a postpandemic future It is argued that each client's clinical needs, safety, and confidentiality, as well as comfort with online platforms, should be considered when determining their appropriateness for telemental health (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Rumination about COVID-19 and employee well-being: The role of playful work design

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted normal life and has resulted in considerable stress One important reason for reduced well-being is rumination about COVID-19 This study used proactivity theory to propose that playful work design (i e , the process through which employees proactively create conditions within work activities that foster enjoyment and challenge) may buffer the impact of rumination on employee well-being In May 2020, we collected data at two time points among 501 employees of a large bank cooperation At Time 1, participants reported about rumination about COVID-19 and playful work design, and 1 week later (Time 2), they reported depressive symptoms, exhaustion, and vigor Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that rumination about COVID-19 had a negative relationship with well-being (increased depressive symptoms and exhaustion, decreased vigor) Designing fun was negatively related to exhaustion and positively related to vigor, whereas designing competition was positively related to vigor As hypothesised, designing fun (not designing competition) moderated the link between rumination and well-being Rumination was positively related to depressive symptoms and exhaustion and negatively related to vigor when participants scored lower on designing fun These findings suggest that employees may use playful work design to deal with ruminative thoughts about COVID-19 (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) La pandemie de COVID-19 a perturbe la vie normale et engendre un stress considerable Les pensees recurrentes sur la COVID-19 sont l'une des principales raisons de cette reduction du mieux-etre La presente etude recourait a la theorie de la proactivite pour postuler que le travail ludique (c -a-d , le processus grace auquel les employes creent, de facon proactive, des conditions qui favorisent le plaisir et le defi pendant les activites de travail) peut attenuer les effets nefastes des pensees recurrentes sur le mieux-etre des employes En mai 2020, nous avons recueilli des donnees a deux periodes differentes parmi 501 employes d'une grande cooperative bancaire A la periode 1, les participants devaient donner leur impression sur les pensees recurrentes au sujet de la COVID-19 et sur le travail ludique;une semaine plus tard (periode 2), ils devaient rapporter leurs symptomes depressifs ainsi que leurs niveaux d'epuisement et d'energie Les resultats des analyses de regression hierarchiques ont demontre que les pensees recurrentes a propos de la COVID-19 avaient une incidence negative sur le mieux-etre (augmentation des symptomes de depression, epuisement accru, moins d'energie) Le travail ludique etait en correlation negative avec l'epuisement et en correlation positive avec l'energie, tandis que le travail competitif etait en correlation positive avec l'energie Comme il avait ete postule, le travail ludique (et non le travail competitif) attenuait le lien entre les pensees recurrentes et le mieux-etre Les pensees recurrentes etaient en correlation positive avec les symptomes de depression et avec l'epuisement, et en correlation negative avec l'energie, lorsque les participants affichaient des scores inferieurs relativement au travail ludique Ces constatations donnent a penser que les employes peuvent utiliser le travail ludique pour gerer les pensees recurrentes au sujet de la COVID-19 (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement: COVID-19 has disrupted daily life, and many people ruminate about the impact of the crisis We argue and show that employees who repeatedly think about COVID-19 and the possible undesirable consequences can redesign their daily work tasks so that these tasks are more fun and employees protect their daily well-being (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Predicting physical distancing in the context of COVID-19: A test of the extended parallel process model among Canadian adults

Abstract: Le but de cette etude etait de tester le modele de processus parallele etendu (EPPM) dans le contexte du nouveau coronavirus (COVID-19) parmi un echantillon representatif de Canadiens Les intentions de suivre les recommandations du gouvernement, la distanciation physique et les reactions de controle de la peur (c -a-d les reactions negatives et defensives) ont ete predites a laide de l' EPPM (menace et efficacite percues) et de variables demographiques (âge, sexe et education) Les donnees ont ete recueillies a l'aide d'une enquete transversale en ligne realisee par une societe tierce d'etude de marche L'echantillon etaIt compose de 1 055 adultes (Âge median = 48,82, E -T - 16,66;51,2 % de femmes) Une regression multiple par variable dependante (c -a-d , les intentions de suivre les recommandations du gouvernement, la distanciation physique et les reactions de controle de la peur) a ete effectuee Certaines interactions bidirectionnelles et tridirectionnelles ont egalement ete incluses dans les modeles Les adultes plus âges, les femmes et les individus les plus instruits avaient generalement des intentions plus elevees, respectaient davantage la distanciation physique et affichaient des scores plus faibles au niveau des reactions de controle de la peur En outre, conformement a l'EPPM, le modele global suggerait que les personnes affichant des scores eleves pour la menace et l'efficacite percues avaient le profil le plus positif (intentions elevees, plus grand respect de la distanciation physique et reactions de controle de la peur moindres) L'efficacite percue etait un facteur predictif particulierement fort dans les analyses Nous recommandons que les interventions en sante publique ciblent les hommes, les jeunes et les moins instruits En outre, il est recommande que les interventions augmentent a la fois la menace et l'efficacite percues (en particulier l'efficacite) Bien que la conception etait transversale, il etait necessaire d'accelerer l'etude a un moment ou elle est cruellement necessaire Les recherches futures devraient confirmer nos conclusions en utilisant des modeles experimentaux Alternate abstract:The purpose of this study was to test the extended parallel process model (EPPM) in the context of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among a nationally representative sample of Canadians Intentions to follow government recommendations, physical distancing, and fear control responses (i e , negative and defensive reactions) were predicted using EPPM (perceived threat and efficacy) and demographic variables (age, gender, and education) Data were collected using a cross-sectional online survey through a third-party market research company The sample was composed of 1,055 adults (M age = 48 82, SD = 16 66;51 2% female) One multiple regression per dependent variable (i e , intentions to follow government recommendation, physical distancing, and fear control responses) was conducted Certain two-way and three-way interactions were also included in the models Older adults, females, and more educated individuals generally had higher intentions, engaged in more physical distancing, and had lower scores for fear control responses Also, consistent with the EPPM the overall paltem suggested that people with high scores for both perceived threat and efficacy had the most positive profile (high intentions and physical distancing and low fear control) Perceived efficacy was a particularly strong predictor in analyses We recommend that public health interventions target males, younger people, and those who are less educated Furthermore, it is recommended that interventions increase both perceived threat and efficacy (especially efficacy) Although the design was cross-sectional, it was necessary to expedite the study in a time when it is sorely needed Future research should confirm our findings using experimental designs

Children's mental health problems during the initial emergence of COVID-19

Abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health pandemic The impact of COVID-19 on mental health has received widespread attention, but almost no longitudinal studies exist that examine changes in children's mental health during its initial emergence Using a regression discontinuity natural experiment via a longitudinal cohort design, the present study examines trajectories of children's mental health from December 2019 to March 2020 Participants were 231 children (female n = 106 [45 8%];average age = 5 69, SD = 2 09) in 22 early childhood education classrooms across Toronto, Canada Children's mental health was assessed via educator reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in gender-adjusted percentiles, with the Impairment Rating Scale serving as a secondary measure Data were analyzed with 3-level (classroom, individual, and time) Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimation (MCMC) growth curve models Of the three assessments conducted per child, many of the final assessments occurred formally after the pandemic announcement and prior to the closing of childcare centres Results suggest that male children enrolled in early childhood education showed a modest decline in mental health problems prior to the pandemic announcement by the WHO However, following the WHO announcement, male children's mental health problems worsened significantly No post-pandemic differences over time were observed for females This study provides the first longitudinal evidence in Canada of heightened risk to children's mental health during the early emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic Findings support initiatives aimed at increasing access to mental health care for children during and after the pandemic, in addition to incorporating mental health in home and school based educational services (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) Le 11 mars 2020, l'Organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS) a classe au niveau de pandemie l'epidemie de COVID-19 qui s'etendait dans le monde entier Les repercussions de la pandemie sur la sante mentale ont recu beaucoup d'attention, mais il existe tres peu d'etudes longitudinales examinant les changements dans la sante mentale des enfants depuis le debut Au moyen d'une experience naturelle de discontinuite de la regression, dans le cadre de l'etude longitudinale d'une cohorte, la presente etude examine les trajectoires de la sante mentale d'enfants de decembre 2019 a mars 2020 Les participants etaient 231 enfants (filles, n = 106 [45,8 %];age moyen = 5,69, E -T = 2,09) de 22 classes de maternelle a Toronto, au Canada La sante mentale des enfants a ete evaluee au moyen des rapports des educateurs, qui ont rempli le Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, avec les percentiles selon le genre, ainsi que la Impairment Rating Scale, comme deuxieme mesure Les donnees ont ete analysees au moyen des modeles de courbes d'evolution a 3 niveaux (classe, individu et periode) de la methode de Monte-Carlo par chaine de Markov Parmi les 3 evaluations pour chacun des enfants, nombre des dernieres ont ete realisees apres l'annonce de la pandemie et avant la fermeture des centres de la petite enfance Selon les resultats, les garcons frequentant ces centres presentaient un faible declin au chapitre des problemes de sante mentale avant l'annonce de la pandemie par l'OMS Toutefois, apres l'annonce de l'OMS, les problemes de sante mentale des garcons se sont grandement aggraves Aucune difference n'a ete observee au fil du temps chez les fillettes post-pandemie Cette etude constitue la premiere source de donnees longitudinales au Canada sur le risque accru pour la sante mentale des enfants durant les premiers temps de la pandemie de COVID-19 Les resultats appuient les initiatives visant a ameliorer l'acces aux soins de sante mentale pour les enfants durant et apres la pandemie, et a inclure la sante mentale dans les services d'education a domicile et a l'ecole (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement-This study suggests that Canadian children's mental health problems, as reported by early childhood educators and leading up unto the childcare shutdown, increased during the early emergence of COVID-19, specifically for boys Findings highlight the need for school-based mental health services, including support for teachers and early childhood educators, during the pandemic Mental health services for children who have returned to school during COVID-19 remain a major priority, in addition to telehealth, home-based education, and parental supports for families who are keeping children at home (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep health

Abstract: The ongoing pandemic of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the implementation of quarantine policies have led to substantial changes in daily routine for most Canadians These policies, including the prohibition of large gatherings and the closure of nonessential businesses, have had a significant impact on mental wellbeing, leading to an increase in anxiety and stress among the public It is therefore essential to consider the impact of COVID-19 and quarantine from a psychological lens The effects of the pandemic and resulting quarantine policies are discussed from a sleep health perspective Heightened anxiety and limited avenues for social support during the quarantine are discussed as precipitating factors for an increase in sleep disturbances The impact of a lack of routine and reduction in physical activity on sleep regulatory processes is explored Finally, strategies to reduce anxiety and strengthen sleep processes based on empirical evidence are presented in the context of the current pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) L'actuelle pandemie de la maladie a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) et la mise en vigueur de politiques de confinement ont donne lieu a d'importants changements dans la routine quotidienne de la plupart des Canadiens et Canadiennes Ces politiques, dont l'interdiction de tenir de grands rassemblements et la fermeture d'entreprises non essentielles, ont eu d'importantes repercussions sur le bien-etre mental, qui ont mene a une augmentation du niveau d'anxiete et de stress parmi la population Il est donc essentiel d'examiner les effets de la COVID-19 et des mesures de confinement selon l'angle de la psychologie Les effets de la pandemie et des politiques de confinement connexes sont discutes selon le point de vue du sommeil et de la sante Une anxiete accrue et des moyens limites pour un soutien social durant le confinement sont examines en tant que facteurs precipitants de l'augmentation de troubles du sommeil Est exploree l'incidence de l'absence de routine et de la reduction d'activite physique sur les processus de regulation du sommeil Pour conclure, des strategies visant a reduire l'anxiete et a renforcer les processus du sommeil fondees sur des donnees empiriques sont presentees dans le contexte actuel de pandemie (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement -This review article examines the potential impact of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak on sleep behaviour in the Canadian general public Heightened anxiety and limited social support for individuals during quarantine may cause an increase in sleep disturbances Changes in daily routine such as increased schedule variability and reduced physical activity are explored with respect to their impact on sleep regulatory systems and recommendations for improving sleep health are provided (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Supporting survivors of child sexual abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ecosystems approach to mobilizing trauma-informed telemental healthcare

Abstract: The emergence of the COVID-19 global health pandemic and its associated adversities have had cascading and compounding effects on vulnerable children and families impacted by abuse and trauma. Mandated public health physical distancing measures necessitated an abrupt transition from traditional in-person mental healthcare to virtual mental healthcare. While ushering in new and unexpected opportunities, this shift presented significant challenges and unique implications for trauma-focused pediatric interventions. In this article, we (a) propose an ecological systems framework through which we can better understand the multilevel effects of child sexual abuse in the context of a pandemic;(b) describe our administrative and clinical processes for rapidly mobilizing a trauma-informed model of telemental healthcare for sexually abused children and families in a pediatric hospital setting;and (c) share our clinical observations and experiences delivering therapy via virtual platforms during the early stage of the pandemic through an ecosystems lens. Key learnings inform tailored teletherapy approaches that can be applied in present and future viral outbreaks and sustained in the postpandemic era. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) La pandemie de COVID-19 et ses repercussions ont eu des effets conjugues et en cascade sur les enfants et les familles vulnerables ayant subi de la violence et des traumatismes. Les mesures de distanciation physique imposees par la sante publique ont necessite une transition abrupte des soins de sante mentale en personne aux soins en mode virtuel. Tout en apportant son lot de possibilites nouvelles et inattendues, ce changement a comporte d'importantes difficultes et des implications uniques pour les interventions axees sur les traumatismes parmi la population pediatrique. Dans cet article, a) nous proposons un cadre de systemes ecologiques au moyen duquel nous pouvons mieux comprendre les effets multiniveaux de la violence sexuelle a l'endroit d'enfants dans le contexte de la pandemie;b) nous decrivons nos procedes administratifs et cliniques pour mobiliser rapidement un modele tenant compte des traumatismes pour des soins de telesante mentale destines aux enfants victimes de violence sexuelle et a leur famille dans un contexte d'hopital pediatrique;c) nous faisons part de nos observations et experiences de prestation de therapie par l'entremise de plateformes virtuelles au debut de la pandemie selon l'optique d'ecosystemes. Les lecons apprises eclairent les methodes de teletherapie personnalisee qui peuvent servir de nos jours et durant d'eventuelles eclosions virales, ainsi qu'apres la pandemie. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement The COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing measures, and related challenges uniquely impact children and families with prior exposure to abuse and trauma. Ensuring mental health support during stay-at-home orders and social isolation is critical and requires special considerations. This article explores the intersection of the traumatic effects of child sexual abuse with the stressful conditions of the pandemic, presents one pediatric hospital's approach to implementing a trauma-informed model of telemental healthcare, and highlights clinical insights and applications of virtual therapy with abuse survivors and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Clinical psychological assessment training issues in the COVID-19 era: A survey of the state of the field and considerations for moving forward

Abstract: This survey aimed to inform graduate-level training in clinical psychological assessment by identifying strategies, barriers, and needs of psychologists in managing assessment training activities in the COVID-19 era A national online survey in English and French was advertised to registered psychologists involved in teaching, training, and/or supervision of clinical psychological assessment in Canada Quantitative items were summarised, and qualitative data from the survey underwent thematic analysis Of 164 respondents, 36% endorsed teaching clinical psychology or cognitive assessment courses, and 54% of them said they would adapt teaching to be entirely remote in the context of COVID-19 restrictions The biggest teaching barriers were perceived as insufficient knowledge of remote clinical assessment methods and inadequate guidance from institutional authorities, while the most significant concerns were perceived ability to effectively meet course objectives and to prepare students for practica Over three quarters (77%) of respondents indicated being involved in assessment training/supervision in practica or residencies, with 57% of these indicating their activities will be carried out in a blended format The biggest barriers were clinic closures, on-site training restrictions, and inadequate resources, while concerns were related to threats to assessment validity and to health and safety Results of this survey provide a snapshot of the state of the field, and the authors offer key considerations for moving forward as psychologists prepare to adapt teaching, training, and supervision activities The impacts of COVID-19 on clinical psychological assessment training are broad and, although disruptive, present an opportunity for a paradigm shift (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (French) Ce sondage visait a eclairer la formation de niveau superieur en matiere d'evaluation psychologique clinique en identifiant les strategies, les obstacles et les besoins des psychologues dans la gestion des activites de formation en evaluation a l'ere COVID-19 Un sondage national en ligne en anglais et en francais a ete propose a des psychologues autorises qui ont participe a l'enseignement, a la formation ou a la supervision de l'evaluation psychologique clinique au Canada Les elements quantitatifs ont ete resumes, et les donnees qualitatives du sondage ont fait l'objet d'une analyse thematique Sur les 164 repondants, 36 % ont appuye l'enseignement des cours de psychologie clinique ou d'evaluation cognitive et 54 % d'entre eux ont indique qu'ils adapteraient l'enseignement pour qu'il soit entierement donne a distance dans le contexte des restrictions de la COVID-19 Les plus grands obstacles a l'enseignement ont ete percus comme etant une connaissance insuffisante des methodes d'evaluation clinique a distance et une orientation inadequate des autorites institutionnelles, tandis que les preoccupations les plus importantes concernaient la capacite d'atteindre efficacement les objectifs du cours et de preparer les etudiants a la pratique Plus des trois quarts (77 %) des repondants ont indique participer a la formation et a la supervision dans le cadre de stages ou de residences, 57 % d'entre eux indiquant que leurs activites seront menees dans un format mixte Les plus grands obstacles etaient les fermetures de cliniques, les restrictions de formation sur place et les ressources inadequates, tandis que les preoccupations etaient liees aux menaces pesant sur la validite de l'evaluation et sur la sante et la securite Les resultats de ce sondage fournissent un apercu de l'etat du terrain, et les auteurs offrent des considerations cles pour aller de l'avant alors que les psychologues se preparent a adapter les activites d'enseignement, de formation et de supervision Les repercussions de la COVID-19 sur la formation en evaluation psychologique clinique sont vastes et, bien que perturbatrices, elles offrent l'occasion d'un changement de paradigme (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Significance Statement: COVID-19 has significantly disrupted psychologists' ability to effectively teach and train students in clinical assessment A survey of Canadian psychologists who are involved in these activities revealed that they do not have enough funding, equipment, or guidance to rapidly adapt their teaching and training in light of COVID-19 public health restrictions Moving forward, psychologists must consider the ways in which professional training can be redefined to keep up with evolving technologies and demand for virtual assessments (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)