Showing papers in "Chest in 2000"

TL;DR: It remains difficult to identify those patients who would benefit from anticytokine therapy for septic shock, and it should be able to "rescue" the patient whose condition continues to deteriorate in the face of considerable support efforts.

TL;DR: The data suggest that clinical efforts should be aimed at reducing the administration of inadequate antimicrobial treatment to hospitalized patients with bloodstream infections, especially individuals infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Candida species.

TL;DR: The nature of anti- inflammatory cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors is the focus of this review and the current and future therapeutic uses of these anti-inflammatory cytokines are also reviewed.

TL;DR: This paper summarizes the discussions of the workshop, "COPD: Working Towards a Greater Understanding," in which the participants proposed the following working definition of an exacerbation of COPD: a sustained worsening of the patient's condition that is acute in onset and necessitates a change in regular medication in a patient with underlying COPD.

TL;DR: Aortic dissection was the initial clinical impression in only 13 of the 84 patients, thus, 85% of the patients did not receive immediate appropriate medical treatment, and these late-recognized and/or unrecognized cases may be regarded as an untreated or symptomatically treated group, whose course may resemble the natural course of aorta dissection.

TL;DR: COPD is a very frequent disease in Spain, and presents significant geographic variations and a very low level of previous diagnosis and treatment, even in the most advanced cases.

TL;DR: A panel of the American College of Chest Physicians developed a clinical practice guideline on the medical and surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusions (PPE) using evidence-based methods as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Overall survival was statistically superior for the patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation vs the other two arms of the study, and the twice-daily radiation therapy arm, although better, was not statistically superior in survival for those patients receiving standard radiation.

TL;DR: International studies of trends in COPD-related hospitalization indicate that although the average length of stay has decreased since 1972, admissions per 1,000 persons per year for COPD have increased in all age groups > 45 years of age, reflecting population aging, smoking patterns, institutional factors, and treatment practices.

TL;DR: It is suggested that pulmonary function is a long-term predictor for overall survival rates in both genders and could be used as a tool in general health assessment.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that there is an upregulation of collagenase 1 and 2 and gelatinases A and B, and an increase in endothelial and epithelial cell death, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD through the remodeling of airways and alveolar structures.

TL;DR: The presence of green, purulent sputum was 94.4% sensitive and 77.0% specific for the yield of a high bacterial load and indicates a clear subset of patient episodes identified at presentation that is likely to benefit most from antibiotic therapy.

TL;DR: Complaints of fatigue, tiredness, or lack of energy may be as important as that of sleepiness to OSAS patients, among whom women appear to have all such complaints more frequently than men.

TL;DR: It is found that size is the strongest determinant of diagnostic yield in bronchoscopy when evaluating SPNs, particularly low in lesions that are located in the outer third of the lung.

TL;DR: In this article, a consensus statement recommends the widespread use of office spirometry by primary-care providers for patients ≥ 45 years old who smoke cigarettes, accompanied by strong advice to quit smoking and referral to local smoking cessation resources.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that multiple factors may come between a prescription of an inhaled corticosteroid and the arrival of that medicine at its target organ, the lung.

TL;DR: Dietary supplementation of antioxidants that have good bioavailability or molecules that have antioxidant enzyme activity may be therapies that not only protect against the direct injurious effects of oxidants, but may fundamentally alter the inflammatory events that play an important part in the pathogenesis of COPD.

TL;DR: Sleep, as it is conventionally measured, was identified only in a subgroup of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation and was severely disrupted.

TL;DR: Hyperleptinemia was present in the OSA subjects, but it can be normalized by treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, suggesting that increased leptin resistance was not the cause of OSA or its associated vascular risks.

TL;DR: Findings support PDT as the procedure of choice for the establishment of elective tracheostomy in the appropriately selected critically ill patient, including ease of performance, and lower incidence of peristomal bleeding and postoperative infection.

TL;DR: Snoring is common in pregnancy and is a sign of pregnancy-induced hypertension and growth retardation of the fetus and Habitual snoring was independently predictive of hypertension andgrowth retardation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the short and long-term effects of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program for COPD patients on dyspnea, exercise, health-related quality of life, and hospitalization rate.

TL;DR: The risk of postoperative pulmonary complications associated with selected factors was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Breath CO concentration provides an easy, noninvasive, and immediate way of assessing a patient's smoking status, and a reading > 6 ppm strongly suggests that an outpatient is a smoker.

TL;DR: A VMP designed for multidisciplinary use was effective in reducing duration of mechanical ventilatory support without any adverse effects on patient outcome, suggesting that VMPs are highly effective means of improving care, even in university ICUs.

TL;DR: The Global Obstructive Lung Disease Initiative, initiated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the WHO, aims to raise awareness of the increasing burden of COPD, decrease morbidity and mortality, promote further study of the condition, and implement programs to prevent it.

TL;DR: In this paper, the eosinophilic inflammation in asthma is markedly suppressed by corticosteroids, but they have no appreciable effect on the inflammation in COPD, consistent with a failure of long-term corticostosteroids to alter the progression of COPD.

TL;DR: HIV infection is an independent risk factor for the development of pulmonary hypertension and the appearance of unexplained cardiopulmonary symptoms in HIV-infected individuals should suggest pulmonary hypertension.

TL;DR: Unstable vital signs, especially respiratory and heart rate abnormalities, and the presence of poor pulmonary function at time of ICU discharge appear to be the most consistent predictors ofICU readmission, while there were no consistent data supporting the use of readmission rates as a measure of quality of care.

TL;DR: At least 1 day of net negative fluid balance in the first 3 days of treatment strongly predicted survival across the strata of age, APACHE II scores, first- and third-day SOFA scores, the need for mechanical ventilation, and creatinine levels measured at admission.