Showing papers in "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease in 2008"

TL;DR: Without significant difference in the prevalence of expressing hypermucoviscosity phenotype and carriage of rmpA and aerobactin genes, these virulent non-K1/K2 isolates are as capable of causing primary liver abscesses in Klebsiella pneumoniae patients treated at 2 medical centers in Taiwan.

TL;DR: The development of an effective antimicrobial stewardship program and the key components and operating principles are outlined, and insight into the production of materials that will facilitate the execution of these programs at healthcare facilities is provided.

TL;DR: Results show that T. cruzi TcI and TcII groups are circulating among reservoirs and vectors in southern Brazil and indicate that selection toward Tc II group in humans may occur after ingestion of a mixed (TcI/TcII) T. Cruzi population.

TL;DR: Two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the diagnosis of dengue infection were evaluated; one a serologic test for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, the other based on detection of d Dengue virus nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen.

TL;DR: Tigecycline appeared safe and achieved cure rates similar to LEV in hospitalized patients with CAP, and microbiologic efficacy and susceptibility to TGC for CAP bacteria were significantly higher in TGC than in LEV.

TL;DR: In an endemic area, Plateliatrade mark NS1 Ag test has limited sensitivity but very high specificity for diagnosis of dengue infection in patients with acute febrile illness.

TL;DR: A polymerase chain reaction-based assay using a single primer pair (CR-f/CR-r) allows discrimination between Candida africana and Candida albicans by using the hwp1 gene, and identifies Candida dubliniensis because it produces 3 different DNA fragments.

TL;DR: The development and evaluation of a 1-step single-tube accelerated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid detection of Toxoplasma in water samples indicates LAMP as a rapid, specific, and sensitive tool for the detection of tachyzoites' DNA contamination inWater samples.

TL;DR: The antimicrobial activities of 6 common antimicrobial agents including carbapenems were tested against 100 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates using a disk diffusion method to identify imipenem (IPM)-resistant isolates that appeared to produce MBL, as determined by Etest.

TL;DR: In vitro potency of ceftobiprole is a new anti-MRSA beta-lactam with recognized activity against the most commonly occurring Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa, similar to that of extended-spectrum cephems, and warrant continued evaluation of the agent as empiric therapy for cSSSIs, and in pneumonia.

TL;DR: It is concluded that molecular and culture methods must be used in combination to provide the best and most comprehensive approach to laboratory detection and investigation of legionellosis.

TL;DR: The Copan ESwab, a new nylon-flocked swab with Amies liquid medium, yielded greater organism release and recovered approximately 10-fold more microorganisms than the Becton Dickinson CultureSwab MaxV and Remel (Lenexa, KS) BactiSwab.

TL;DR: Although the nonsusceptible strain isolation rates remained stable, a new plasmid-mediated ribosomal-based resistance mechanism emerged in S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from Arizona and Ohio.

TL;DR: The increasing clarithromycin resistance and presence of multidrug resistance are worrying and fluoroquinolones should be used with caution for H. pylori eradication in treated patients.

TL;DR: The novel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on the Spn9802 DNA fragment is highly sensitive and specific and enables differentiation between pneumococcal pathogenicity and commensalism.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with purulent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Hong Kong was assessed and Filipino ethnicity was the only clinical and epidemiologic factor significantly associated with CA-MRSA infection.

TL;DR: How often longer courses of linezolid are prescribed and the nature and relative frequency of adverse events associated with longer courses are determined, including Hematologic toxicity was the most common adverse event.

TL;DR: Comparison of treated and untreated clinical samples indicated that dead bacterial cells significantly bias untreated profiles, highlighting the significant contribution that nonviable bacteria can make to DNA-based diagnostic analysis of clinical samples while providing a simple and effective means of avoiding such bias.

TL;DR: Fungemia, renal insufficiency, age, and age were independent predictors of poor prognosis, and identification of prognostic factors may be helpful in identifying patients who require more aggressive care.

TL;DR: Patients with C. glabrata BSI may be at increased risk for a delay in receiving appropriate therapy and poor treatment outcome, and strategies to decrease the incidence of untreated candidemia may favorably impact outcome.

TL;DR: Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto had significantly higher caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin MICs than C. orthopsilosis or C. metAPSilosis; C. meetapsilotic was least susceptible to fluconazole.

TL;DR: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method applied on sputum samples to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae in 184 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia may be particularly valuable in patients in whom antibiotic therapy has been initiated.

TL;DR: The results indicate the transcontinental importation and recent emergence in Spain of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains belonging to 3 distinct lineages, including 1 predominant (ST8-SCCmec IVc).

TL;DR: The identity of the trypanosome was determined by DNA extraction from the archived stained blood slides followed by sequential application of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) that are specific for the order, subgenus, species and subspecies, and genotyping with microsatellite PCR.

TL;DR: This is the 1st case series to date in which the pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B1 after intravenous administration are described, and the results in conjunction with pharmacodynamic and susceptibility surveillance studies could facilitate an approach to the design of optimal dosing regimens.

TL;DR: Of the organisms causing laboratory-acquired infections in this survey, Shigella was the most common, followed by Brucella, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and although Neisseria meningitidis is perceived to be commonly acquired, only 4 cases were reported by the 88 respondents.

TL;DR: A significant relationship between viral load and markers of disease severity for both RSV and hMPV in a large population of children evaluated for respiratory disease is described.

TL;DR: Results revealed the possible emergence of tCDA-tcdB+ C. difficile strains in Korea, and these variant strains could evoke a higher rate of PMC than tcdA+tCDB+ strains.

TL;DR: The results indicate that most of the isolates with MICs to fluconazole > or =64 microg/mL exhibited the "trailing" phenomenon, and Interestingly, 16 of the 17 amphotericin B-resistant isolates were non-albicans Candida species.

TL;DR: Owing to its ease of operation, this assay significantly reduces the time and cost needed for the molecular diagnosis of H. pylori and has the potential to facilitate early detection of this pathogen.