Showing papers in "Enzyme and Microbial Technology in 1981"

TL;DR: The specific syringaldazine test for the detection of fungal laccase originally used by Harkin and Obst has been adapted for the quantitative estimation of the enzyme in Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota mutabilis.

TL;DR: The potential of cellulosic biomass as a source of fuel and petroleum-sparing substances is also reviewed in this article, where three different enzymes of the multicomponent cellulase system are involved in the degradation of crystalline cellulose into glucose.

TL;DR: A mutant strain of the fungus Trichoderma reesei giving high cellulase production but having poor stability has been further mutagenized to produce strains in which good production properties were retained and stability was greatly improved.

TL;DR: This method was used to remove ten recognized human carcinogens from water: benzidine and its derivatives, naphthylamines, 4-aminobiphenyl, and p -phenylazoaniline, confirmed by both chemical and toxicological assays.

TL;DR: It is shown that high yields of protoplasts can be prepared from a variety of fungi using relatively cheap commercial enzymes.

TL;DR: In this paper, two-phase systems consisting of water and a water-immiscible organic solvent are discussed and the criteria that must be taken into consideration for selecting the most suitable organic solvents and the operational conditions are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the production of liquid and gaseous fuels and industrial chemicals from selected biomass by a process known as biorefining is reviewed and four broad categories of biomass appear to be suitable feedstocks: woody biomass and forest residues, agricultural residues, directly fermentable crop-grown biomass, and municipal solid waste and sewage sludge.

TL;DR: Shear inactivation of enzymes has been found to be associated with flow, pumping and mixing and the presence of oxygen and metal ions and their reactions with disulphide bonds have an influence.

TL;DR: Members of various fungal taxa and actinomycetes have been shown to degrade lignin at least partially, and improved waste treatment processes might well be the first intentional application of bioligninolytic systems.

TL;DR: T. brockii enzyme has potential applications as a commercial alcohol dehydrogenase because of broad substrate specificity and activity at high temperature or high solvent concentration, rare carbonyl si-face stereo-specificity in hydrogen transfer, and high stability and activation of immobilized enzyme.

TL;DR: The ability of this microorganism to form efficiently both H 2 and CO 2 from CO released by industrial coal gasification procedures is suggested.

TL;DR: Sugar cane molasses can overcome the inhibitory effect of these compounds much more effectively than the crude extracts and secondly, training of cells in molasses makes them resistant enough to withstand the lethal levels of the test compounds.

TL;DR: A new amperometric analytical system based on biocatalysers is described, which examines the use of immobilized multienzyme systems, sensitivity increase of devices by chemical amplification, theUse of dehydrogenases, hydrolases and microorganisms and the application of biochemical cells as analytical devices.

TL;DR: The immobilized d -glucose oxidase membrane was sufficiently stable to perform 1000 assays for the determination of d - glucose in human whole blood and retained 77% of its initial activity after storage at 4°C for 16 months.

TL;DR: It was found that the product inhibition effect dominates over the substrate inhibition effect for the range of concentrations studied in the fermentation system, and the use of PA primarily protected the cells against ethanol inhibition rather than substrate inhibition.

TL;DR: A review of the range of properties that are expressed differently (sometimes uniquely) in che mostat culture points to the possible ways in which these chemostatinduced changes in microbial behaviour may be exploited.

TL;DR: In this article, a new principle for the construction of oxygen-dependent enzyme electrodes is presented, which is based on a galvanic oxygen electrode which is furnished with an electrolysis anode covered by immobilized enzyme and placed close to the oxygen-sensing surface.

TL;DR: Different methods for the immobilization of proteins (enzymes and immunoglobulins) on liposomes are reviewed and the possibility of using liposome-protein conjugates for drug targeting is especially discussed.

TL;DR: Yeast cells have been immobilized by entrapment in silica hydrogel, without significantly changing their biological activity; a simple model describes the rate of oxygen uptake by a film of immobilized cells.

TL;DR: Progress in the use of enzymes to manipulate blocking groups on α-amino groups, α-carboxyl groups, and on the sidechain functional groups of amino acid residues are examined.

TL;DR: To compare the productivities of glutathione and NADP, and to compare the efficiency of ATP utilization for the production of these two compounds, the two reactor systems, co-immobilization cell system and mixed immobilized cell system, were designed and these two compound were also found to be produced by these two kinds of reactor systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, a hollow fiber ultrafiltration module was used to immobilize β-d -Galactosidase in a hollow fibres and it was shown that the product of the reaction was significantly adsorbed by the fibres, which resulted in the reactor taking 10-30h to achieve steady-state.

TL;DR: Preliminary experiments with an in vivo fungal fermentation system containing phenol as a substrate also resulted in the production of 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, suggesting that the biphenols are themselves substrates for the enzymes.

TL;DR: W Whole cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata were immobilized by entrapment in Ca 2+ alginate gel, and the cell growth inside the matrix was observed by transmission electron microscopy.

TL;DR: Inulin-rich extracts of chicory and Jerusalem artichoke are a good potential source of fructose as mentioned in this paper, and total enzymatic hydrolysis of these extracts can be effected by yeast inulinases (EC 3.2.7).

TL;DR: Glucoamylase (EC 3.3) was coupled to controlled pore glass by using titanium(IV) chloride as mentioned in this paper, and the drying conditions used during the activation step were studied, and the highest activity (237 units/g of matrix) of immobilized enzyme was obtained when the support and the titanium-IV chloride solution were dried at 45°C in vacuo for 16 h.

TL;DR: A review of kinetic aspects of ethanol production, yeast immobilization techniques, yeast properties and fermentation byproducts can be found in this article, where the authors discuss the use of the Tilby machine, a high-temperature extraction process and the Ex-Ferm process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of increased ionic strength was studied in terms of the dependence of the amount of the coupled protein on pH and ionic properties of the solid matrix, including the differences of isoelectric points, hydrophobicity and charge distribution of proteins and supports.

TL;DR: No straightforward correlation exists between the proteolytic activity added to beer and its resistance to chill-haze formation and it is concluded that the chill-proofing action of chymotrypsin also originates largely, but not wholly, in its proteolytics action.

TL;DR: The method produces an experimentally useful 14C-labelled deaminated lignin precursor unavailable from radiochemical supply companies.