Showing papers in "European Neuropsychopharmacology in 1999"

TL;DR: The proposed criteria are intended for therapeutic trials in TRD, combining the evaluation of treatment efficiency and the validation of the concept of TRD itself, including major depression with poor response to two adequate trials of different classes of antidepressants.

TL;DR: This article presents three models of increasing complexity that attempt to elucidate the role of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia in relation to treatment and outcome.

TL;DR: It is concluded that benzodiazepines should be reserved for short-term use--up to 4 weeks--and in conservative dosage, as other drug and non-drug therapies are available and have a superior risk benefit ratio in long- term use.

TL;DR: Increased levels of serotonin are necessary in the synapse for the SSRI to be effective in the treatment of depression and panic disorder, and in obsessive compulsive disorder, depletion of serotonin in patients recovered on an SSRI does not cause relapse; receptor adaptation may be more important.

TL;DR: The results suggest that low HVA levels and altered relationships between the monoamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the norepinephrine metaboliteMHPG are associated with suicidal behaviour.

TL;DR: It is concluded that prenatal physical stress may induce bodygrowth retardation and may be considered as a model for human intrauterine growth retardation.

TL;DR: The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) appears to play an important role in the mediation of antipsychotic drug action and is associated with genotypes consisting of Gly-9 and Ser9Gly by this pharmacogenetic approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, peptides that are supposed to be related to the stress system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system) were studied in plasma.

TL;DR: The authors discuss literature evidence on the possible dysfunctioning of HPA axis and the inflammatory response system (IRS) in schizophrenia in relation to a more comprehensive bio-pathogenetic hypothesis of the disorder and to the development of specific clinical patterns or 'core' schizophrenic symptoms, like those included in the so called negative/depressive dimension.

TL;DR: The results show that chronic mild stress applied to group-housed rats can prevent the development of certain behavioural and biochemical changes caused by the denervation of the locus coeruleus projection areas.

TL;DR: It is suggested that, in normal rats, acute nicotine enhances acquisition, consolidation and restitution of the information in an object recognition task.

TL;DR: A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) onset resulting from a traumatic head injury underwent longitudinal brain imaging evaluation, and the role of brain imaging in neuropsychiatric evaluation is demonstrated.

TL;DR: The present study suggests that hypericum extracts have antidepressant-like properties which resemble those of clinically established antidepressants, and that Remotiv may be an interesting adjunct for the treatment of alcoholism.

TL;DR: Contrary to human findings, the authors did not find major inhibitory effects of SSRIs on male rat sexual behaviour at non-sedative doses and found that paroxetine and sertraline had slightly stronger effects than the other 5-HT reuptake inhibitors.

TL;DR: There is, however, a general paucity of in vivo data regarding the metabolism of the atypical antipsychotics, indicating a need for further research in this area.

TL;DR: The low switching rates observed in these studies of lamotrigine, paroxetine and moclobemide may indicate a special application of these drugs in the management of patients prone to antidepressant-induced switching, and confirmation that tricyclic antidepressants present the highest risk of switching.

TL;DR: Ziprasidone appears to offer an effective alternative to haloperidol in the long-term treatment of stable outpatients with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: A randomised placebo-controlled 7-week study comparing two doses of lamotrigine with placebo in 195 patients with moderate to severe bipolar depression has now been completed and results indicate that lamotigine is more effective than gabapentin in bipolar depression.

TL;DR: Analysis of data from 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats yielded steady-state serum concentrations of clozapine that are considered as therapeutically effective in man and indicated that desmethylclozAPine is unlikely to play a role for CNS-mediated effects.

TL;DR: It is concluded that recent clinical trials strengthen the case for hypericum as an antidepressant, but more work needs to be done to answer the remaining questions.

TL;DR: There is cross-tolerance between nicotine and morphine in mice and Combination of both drugs caused an increase in tolerance to either drug.

TL;DR: Melatonin (25 mg/kg) alone and its combinations with carbamazepine or phenobarbital, providing a 50% protection against maximal electroshock, were devoid of significant motor adverse effects, but caused strong long-term memory deficit, so it does not seem to be a good candidate for the treatment of epilepsy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the role of patient selection in terms of diagnosis, severity and absence of confounding comorbidity such as alcoholism, personality disorders or brief depression.

TL;DR: The role of catecholamine oxidation and MAO activity as one of the causative factors in increased oxidant stress during aging is confirmed and may contribute to the control of the aging process.

TL;DR: Of the psychotropics studied, perazine was the only drug showing such a high degree of lysosomal trapping in muscles and distinct lysOSomotropic properties in the heart, which, in turn, may increase the risk of cardiotoxic and anticholinergic side-effects of tricyclic antidepressants and sedative and extrapyramidal effects of the neuroleptic.

TL;DR: The efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine has been compared with olanzapine and lithium in a randomised, prospective, controlled fashion over a period of 4 weeks treatment in a total of 45 hospitalised patients with DSM-IV-defined mania.

TL;DR: Overall, it is concluded that therapeutic drug monitoring may be of value in the clinical management of clozapine.

TL;DR: Dysthymic and PDDNOS patients have a disturbed pituitary-adrenal function in relation to physical stress, that may be associated with withdrawal, and physical exercise is effective in inducing a salivary cortisol response in children.

TL;DR: The results show that switching from classical neuroleptics to treatment with clozapine does not have any substantial effect on the HPG-axis hormone plasma levels, although it reduces substantially the levels of prolactin and cortisol.

TL;DR: There was a close correlation between the reduction in beta-END levels and the decrease of social withdrawal, and an evident--though weak--correlation between increases in Beta-END and decreases in stereotypy and abnormal speech, which persisted after treatment stopped.