Showing papers in "Experimental Eye Research in 2009"

TL;DR: The architecture of the TM outflow pathways and consequently outflow resistance appear to be modulated by contraction of ciliary muscle and scleral spur cells, which have the ultrastructural characteristics of mechanosensory nerve endings.

TL;DR: The functional relationship between ciliary muscle and TM and the age-related changes in morphology of the outflow system are described first and one main finding in the ageing TM concerns changes of the elastic fiber network and the anterior elastic tendons of the CM.

TL;DR: Data indicating cellular stretching, rate of stretching and substrate stiffness may be important mechanosensitivity factors in glaucoma is reviewed, and data suggesting peripapillary scleral properties have a strong influence on LC biomechanics is suggested.

TL;DR: Additional clinical features are being increasingly reported since these crystallins are found outside the eye: the betaB2-crystallin (previously referred to the basic principle crystallin) is also involved in neurogenesis and male infertility.

TL;DR: The uveoscleral outflow route was described more than 40 years ago as discussed by the authors and 40% of aqueous leaves the eye through the iris root, with results suggesting a similar fraction, at least in eyes from younger individuals.

TL;DR: The biological mechanisms driving PCO progression are described, the influence of IOL design, surgical techniques and putative drug therapies in regulating the rate and severity of PCO are discussed and the influence aqueous and vitreous humours are discussed.

TL;DR: This review covers the development and structure of the lens capsule, lens diseases associated with mutations in extracellular matrix genes and the role of the capsule in lens function including those proposed for visual accommodation, selective permeability to infectious agents, and cell signaling.

TL;DR: What is currently known about the underlying genetic structure, what remains to be learned, and how this may affect the medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma are examined.

TL;DR: The "funneling" hypothesis that has emerged as a leading synergistic model is closely examined, and the basis of funneling, mechanical and biological requirements for funneling and evidence in support of this hypothesis are reviewed.

TL;DR: Recently identified podosome- or invadopodia-like structures (PILS) may aid in the focal degradation of ECM and organization of replacement components.

TL;DR: The article describes how the elimination of organelles from lens cells located on the visual axis contributes to the transparency of lens tissue, where they represent potential sources of light scattering.

TL;DR: Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced ocular hypertension and secondary iatrogenic open-angle glaucoma are serious side effects of GC therapy.

TL;DR: The potential role of mitochondrial function and redox balance in age-related eye diseases is outlined, and how the methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) protein repair system and other redox systems play key roles in the function and maintenance of the aging eye are detailed.

TL;DR: Once considered too difficult to use for glaucoma studies, mice are now becoming a powerful tool in the research of the molecular and pathological events associated with this disease, principally because of the access to genetic manipulation technology and genetics already well established for these animals.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent genetic studies of RA signaling and progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of transcriptional co-activators that function with RAR/RXR.

TL;DR: RGC loss induced by IONC is slower and less severe than that following IONT, though for NT-4 and CNTF their neuroprotective effects differ depending on the injury type, and this data underscore the importance of the type of ON injury on the pattern of RGC degeneration as well as in their response to neuroprot protective treatments.

TL;DR: The presence of distinct lymphatic channels in the human ciliary body is indicated, and that fluid and solutes flow at least partially through this system, leading to the discovery of a uveolymphatic pathway in the eye.

TL;DR: During the time following the loss of their rod-dominated microenvironment, the cones achieve a semi-stable state in which much of their normal phenotype is preserved, and the therapeutic window for rescue of cone photoreceptors may be longer than would have been thought.

TL;DR: CNTF utilizes a MAPK- dependency signaling pathway in neuroprotection of light-induced photoreceptor cell death and a Stat3-dependant signaling pathway to stimulate Müller glia proliferation in undamaged zebrafish retinas.

TL;DR: EGF-induced ROS generation correlated with cell growth and activation of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, while NAC eliminated all these effects and this is the first demonstration of a novel ROS physiological function in corneal wound healing.

TL;DR: A distinct structural change in the trabecular meshwork of patients with POAG is the increase in fibrillar extracellular matrix in the juxtacanalicular region of thetrabecULAR meshwork.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that one form of glaucoma may be an autoimmune optic neuropathy in which an individual's immune system facilitates a somatic or axonal degeneration of RGCs by the very system which normally serves to protect it against stress.

TL;DR: The mechanisms underlying these and similar effects on trabecular outflow resistance in living animals and/or in cultured ocular anterior segments from enucleated animal or human eyes are discussed.

TL;DR: Intermediate filaments--vimentin and desmin co-exist in myofibroblasts along with SMA and may play an important role in corneal remodeling after photorefractive keratectomy.

TL;DR: The available data suggest that LOXL1 is differentially regulated dependent on the phase of progression of the fibrotic process, and while increased levels of LO XL1 participate in the formation of abnormal PEX fiber aggregates in the initial phase of fibrogenesis, inadequate tissue levels may promote elastotic processes in advanced stages of the disease.

TL;DR: The current understanding of myocilin is reviewed with special emphasis on the structural makeup of the myOCilin gene and protein, its possible physiological roles internal and external to ocular cells, the regulation of intraocular pressure as evidenced through the use of perfusion culture systems and animal models, and as a causative agent in some forms of glaucoma.

TL;DR: The results indicate that treatment of human TM cells with recombinant CTGF causes distinct changes in gene expression and that CTGF is a critical mediator of the effects of TGF-beta2 on ECM synthesis inhuman TM cells.

TL;DR: Recent studies of NT signaling using rat glaucoma models, have examined the endogenous responses of the retina to pressure exposure as well as studies designed to augment NT signaling in order to rescue RGC from apoptosis following pressure-induced injury.

TL;DR: The study suggests that in MacTel type 2, there might be an inability to accumulate MP in the central retina and this disease might serve as a model to further study abnormalities of MP distribution in retinal disorders and to elucidate the mechanisms of MP deposition in the retina.

TL;DR: The findings that cells in this CM-like zone, as well in the inner nuclear layer proliferate in response to EGF suggest that the adult human retina has regenerative potential.