Showing papers in "Fire Safety Journal in 2019"

TL;DR: The method used in this paper combines Big Data, Remote Sensing and Data Mining algorithms to process data collected from satellite images over large areas and extract insights from them to predict the occurrence of wildfires and avoid such disasters.

TL;DR: An expanded database including pre-evacuation times collected from 9 fire incidents and 103 evacuation drills involving 13,591 evacuees in 16 countries is presented including case studies according to the occupancy type of the structure(s) involved.

TL;DR: In this paper, the pixel-level and object-level salient convolutional neural networks are combined to extract the informative smoke saliency map and an end-to-end framework for salient smoke detection and the existence prediction of smoke is proposed for application in video smoke detection.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified the resistance to complete burnout of reinforced concrete columns under fire exposure using finite element modeling and found that the duration of this shortest fire increases linearly with the fire resistance of the columns, but with a factor smaller than one, revealing an increased propensity to delayed failure in columns with longer fire resistance.

TL;DR: This study sheds light on the proper use of AI to derive temperature-dependent material models for wood, together with simple expressions that can be used to trace thermo-structural response of timber elements/components, and shows the merit of utilizing AI to modernize fire resistance evaluation.

TL;DR: The Malveira Fire Test as mentioned in this paper is the second stage in the series of full-scale experimental programmes developed for the Real Fires for the Safe Design of Tall Buildings project at the University of Edinburgh.

TL;DR: In this article, a free-foaming method with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) as additive was used to improve the char formation of flexible polyurethane foam.

TL;DR: Several series of measurements were made to characterize medium-scale pool fires steadily burning in a well-ventilated, quiescent, open environment, showing that both radiation and convection play significant roles in these pool fires.

TL;DR: In this paper, a transpose convolutional neural network (TCNN) was used to predict spatially resolved temperatures and velocities within a compartment based on zero-dimensional zone fire modeling using a total of 1333 FDS simulations of simple two-compartment configurations with different fire locations, fire sizes, ventilation configurations, and compartment geometries.

TL;DR: The International Association of Fire Safety Science (IAFSS) is comprised of members from some 40 countries as mentioned in this paper, and the IAFSS Agenda 2030 for a Fire Safe World has been developed by the Management Committee.

TL;DR: In this paper, small-scale experiments designed to capture heating from firebrand piles and to describe the process of ignition were conducted using laboratory-fabricated cylindrical wooden firebrands.

TL;DR: In this article, two full-scale informal settlement dwelling burn experiments were conducted; (a) three ISDs clad with steel sheeting and (b) three isd clad with timber, and the heat fluxes and temperatures of both experiments were compared to understand the effect of cladding materials (i.e. timber cladding versus steel cladding, which are mostly used in informal settlements) on fire spread.

TL;DR: Artificial neural network based predictive relationships between the statistically significant parameters and the residual compressive strength of concrete for its application in structural fire design of HSC are developed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized flame model was developed for cone calorimeter tests for several polymers to develop a generalized heat feedback model, and the flame heat fluxes were partitioned into radiative and convective components based on an analysis of the materials' radiative fractions.

TL;DR: The potential of adopting machine learning methods to study evacuees' stepwise movement1 dynamics based on two videos of quasi-emergency evacuation experiments is explored and the main findings are distance to the target exit has the most pronounced effect on a single evacuee's stepwisemovement pattern.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the possibility of self-extinguishment of cross-laminated timber with a theoretical model that describes the conditions under which it could be achieved.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of small-scale fire tests conducted on steel and gypsum plasterboard sheathed composite panels and framed walls, and also an enthalpy based analytical study using the experimental results.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a "k-factor" based on thermo-physical properties and thickness of gypsum plasterboard, capable of giving an overall measure of the fire performance of plasterboard-lined LSF walls.

TL;DR: In this article, a 3D model is adopted to investigate the effect of residual deformation after an earthquake on the progressive collapse behavior of the composite building and it is concluded that the survival of the building can be greatly affected by the spatial nature of the travelling fire as well as the inter-zone time delay.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results concerning fire and explosion hazards of various alternative fuel vehicles in tunnels, which are divided into four types: liquid fuels, liquefied fuels, compressed gases, and electricity.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of fuel moisture content (FMC) on the smoldering ignition of coastal redwood sawdust by glowing firebrands of different sizes is studied experimentally.

TL;DR: In this paper, the onset of swelling was defined based on visual observation of swelling during heating or time-history of the steel temperature, and it was concluded that the onset was directly influenced by the heating conditions at the exposed surface and the original applied dry film thickness.

TL;DR: In this paper, mechanical, thermal, fire and morphological properties of thermoplastic composites filled with fire retardants (FRs) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were investigated in detail.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the thermal boundary conditions and the different thermal exposure of combustible products in comparison to incombustibles in a furnace and concluded that the thermal exposure is equivalent in furnaces simulating a ventilation controlled fire development for a predefined duration.

TL;DR: In this paper, a pixel-based approach applied to Sentinel-2 band 2 reflectance and Sentinel 1 backscatter and interferometry is highlighted to detect known historic informal settlement fire.

TL;DR: In this paper, a parametric study on the bond behavior of reinforced concrete members under fire conditions was presented, where the authors identified some most important factors affecting the bond characteristics between concrete and reinforcement within reinforced concrete beams and slabs at elevated temperatures.

TL;DR: In this article, a split Hopkinson tensile bar equipped with a water-cooled induction heating system is used for the mechanical characterisation at high strain rates (250,s−1, 500,s −1, and 950, s−1) and in a wide range of temperatures (20 ∘C, 400,500, 550, 700, and 900 ∘c).

TL;DR: In this article, the fire resistance of three full-scale unprotected cross-laminated timber floor assemblies fabricated by two US-based manufacturers was evaluated using ASTM E119 standard criteria for 2-h fire rating in loaded condition.

TL;DR: This article presented the findings of the workshop "New approaches to evacuation modelling" which took place on the 11th of June 2017 in Lund (Sweden) within the Symposium of the International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS).